This document provides an overview of a thermal power plant. It begins by classifying power plants by their fuel sources and prime movers. It then introduces thermal power plants, explaining that they convert the heat energy of coal into electrical energy using a boiler to produce steam that drives a turbine connected to a generator. The document outlines the typical layout and main equipment of a thermal power plant, including coal handling, the boiler, turbine, condenser, and other auxiliary systems. It discusses advantages and limitations of thermal plants and considerations for site selection. Finally, it provides details on several major thermal power plants located in Rajasthan, India.

1. Thermal power plant
Submitted by
MUKESH KUMAR
mechanical

2. Contents
• Classification of power plants
• Introduction of thermal power plant
• Working principle
• Power plant layout
• Main and auxiliary Equipment's
• Advantages , disadvantages and limitations
• Choice of site for thermal plants
• Thermal power plants in Rajasthan
• Reference
•

3. Classification of power stations
• By fuels Fossil fuel power stations, nuclear
power plants, geothermal power
plants,biomass power plants,
• By prime mover Steam turbine plants, gas
turbine plants, combined cycle plants,

4. Introduction
• A thermal power plant converts the heat
energy of coal into electrical energy. Coal is
burnt in boiler which converts water into
steam. The expansion of steam in turbine
produces mechanical power which drives the
alternator coupled to the turbine.
• Steam power plants contribute about 65% of
total electrical energy generated in India.

5. Working on Rankine cycle

6. Layout of steam power plant

7. `comprises of following circuits
• Coal and ash circuit
• Air and gas circuit
• Feed water and steam flow circuit
• Cooling water circuit

8. Main and auxiliary Equipment
• Coal handling plant
• Pulverizing plant
• Draft fans
• Boiler
• Ash handling plant
• Turbine
• Condenser
• Cooling tower and ponds
• Feed water heater
• Economizer
• Superheater and reheater
• Air preheater

9. Coal and handling
• Coal is transported to power station by rail or road
and stored in coal storage plant and then pulverized.
• Mine
m
Main
storage
yard
truckst
ruck
hopper
(crusher)
m
storage
tank mboiler
m
ash
comes
tank

10. Ash handling plant
• The ash from the boiler is collected in two
forms-
• 1 Bottom ash(slurry): it's a waste which is
dumped into ash pond
• 2 fly ash: fly ash is separated from flue gases
in esp.

11. Pulverizing plant
• In modern thermal power plant, coal is pulverized
i.e. ground to dust like size and carried to the
furnace in a stream of hot air. Pulverizing is a
means of exposing a large surface area to the
action of oxygen and consequently helping
combustion.
• Pulverizing mills are further classified as:
• 1 contact mill
• 2 Ball mill
• 3 Impact mill

12. Boiler
• The function of boiler is to generate steam at
desired pressure and temperature by transfering
heat produced by burning of fuel in a furnace to
change water into steam.
• The boiler is fed with HFO and LDO initially to ignite
the coal in boiler.
• Types of boiler
a. Water tube boiler
b. Fire tube boiler

13. TURBINE
• In thermal power plants generally 3 turbines are
used to increases the efficiency.
• 1 high pressure turbine
• 2 intermediate pressure turbine
• 3 low pressure turbine

14. condenser
• The surface condenser is a shell and tube heat
exchanger where cooling water flows through tubes
and exhaust steam fed into the shell surrounds the
tubes. as a result, steam condensed outside the
tubes

15. Cooling tower and ponds
• A condenser needs huge quantity of water to
condense the steam.
• Most plants use cooled cooling system where
warm water coming from condenser is cooled
and reused
• Cooling tower is a steel or concrete hyperbolic
structure with the height of 150m.

16. Feed water heater
• ADVANTGES
1. Feed water heating improves overall plant
efficiency.
2. The dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide
which known as Deaeration.
3. Thermal stresses due to cold water entering
the boiler drum are avoided.
4. Quantity of steam produced by the boiler is
increased.

17. Economizer
• Flue gases coming out of the boiler carry lot of
heat. An economizer extracts a part of this
heat from flue gases and uses it for heating
feed water.
• Advantages
1. Saving coal consumption and higher boiler
efficiency

18. Air preheater
• The function of air preheaters is to preheat the air
before entering to the furnace by utilizing some of
the energy left in the flue gases before exhausting
them to the atmosphere

19. Advantages and disadvantages

20. Selection parameters of power plant
• Supply of fuel
• Availability of water
• Transportation facilities
• Cost and type of land
• Nearby to load centers
• Distance from populated area

21. limitations
• Generally The power plant limitations must be established so that
they do not exceed the corresponding limits for which the engines
or propellers are type certificated
• Takeoff operation. The power plant takeoff operation must be
limited by—
1. The maximum rotational speed (rpm);
2. The maximum allowable manifold pressure (for reciprocating
engines);
3. The maximum allowable gas temperature (for turbine engines)
• Continuous operation.
• Fuel grade or designation. The minimum fuel grade (for
reciprocating engines), or fuel designation (for turbine engines),
must be established so that it is not less than that required for the
operation of the engines within the limitations .

22. Thermal plants in Rajasthan
• Kota thermal power plant
• Suratgarh super thermal power plant
• Giral lignite thermal power plant
• Chhabra thermal power station
• Kalisindh thermal power project
• Ramgarh gas thermal power station
• Dholpur combined cycle power station

23. Kota thermal power plant

24. Sanction of schemes
Stage Unit No. Capacity(MW) Synchronizing Date Cost(Rs.Crore)
I 1 110 17.1.1983 143
2 110 13.7.1983
II 3 210 25.9.1988 480
4 210 1.5.1989
III 5 210 26.3.1994 480
IV 6 195 31.7.2003 635
V 7 195 30.5 2009 880

25. Suratgarh super thermal power plant
• It has generation capacity of 1500 mw and
installed with 6 units of 250mw each
• It is coal based thermal station
• Coal is received from coal fields of MP,
Jharkhand
• Water is received from Indira Gandhi canal

26. SANCTION OF SCHEMES
Stage Unit No. Capacity(MW) Cost(Rs.Crore)
I I & II 2x250 2300
II III & IV 2X250 2057
III V 1X250 753
IV VI 1X250 1117
TOTAL 6227

27. Giral lignite thermal power plant
• giral lignite power plant of RVUNL has two
lignite fired turbines. the fuel for the plant is
from the mines near by giral. the fuel is
supplied by rsmml, giral mines barmer. lime is
also supplied by rsmml. lignite cost is nearly Rs
700/- (almost nearby) per ton. this is the first
plant of the country which is using lime with
lignite to control sox level. it was developed in
2 stages.

28. SANCTION OF SCHEMES
Stage Unit
Number
Installed
Capacity
(MW)
Date of
Commissio
ning
Status COD
Stage I 1 125 February
2007
Running 18 Dec.
2011
Stage II 2 125 December,
2008
Running 12 March
2011

29. Chhabra thermal power station
• It is located at Chowki Motipura (Village) of tehsil
CHHABRA in RAJASTHAN's BARAN district . The
planned capacity of power plant is 2650MW at
the end of 12th Five year plan
• The first and second unit at Chhabra super
thermal power plant was set up at a cost of
Rs2,350 crore. Chhabra is all set to become a
power generation hub in the state as in the
second phase two more units with a capacity of
250 MW each will be installed.

30. SANCTION OF SCHEMES
Phase Unit No. Capacity(MW) Cost(Rs.Crore)
I I & II 2x250 2820
II III & IV 2X250 2991

31. Kalisindh thermal power project
• SD
• Kalisindh Thermal Power Station is located 12 km away
from Jhalawar town in Jhalawar district. The power
plant is operated by Rajasthan Rajya Vidyut Utpadan
Nigam Ltd .
• Source of water for the plant is from Kalisindh Dam
near village Bhanwarasi. And coal for the plant will be
sourced from Paras east and Kanta basin coal blocks in
chatisgarh state.
• Its chimney has a height of 275 metres. The two
cooling towers of the facility are 202 metres tall and
the tallest in the world.

32. SANCTION OF SCHEMES
Stage Unit
Number
Installed
Capacity
(MW)
Date of
Commissi
oning
Status
Stage I 1 600 1998 Running
Stage I 2 600 2014 May
expected
under
constructi
on

33. Ramgarh gas thermal power station
• It has an installed capacity of 220 MW
Stage Unit
Number
Installed
Capacity
(MW)
Turbine
type
Date of
Commission
ing
Status
1 1 35.5 Gas Turbine 1996
January
Running
2 2 37.5 Gas Turbine 2002 August Running
2 3 37.5 Steam
Turbine
2003 April Running
3 4 110 Steam
Turbine
2013 March Running

34. Operational Performance of Plant
Particulars
2004
-05
2005
-06
2006
-07
2007
-08
2008
-09
2009
-10
2010
-11
2011
-12
2012
-13
Gross Generation (LU)
3611
.392
4356
.209
4041
.440
4141
.153
3486
.782
3539
.44
3028
.85
5367
.94
4979
.06
Plant Load Factor (%)
37.3
0%
45.0
0%
41.7
5%
42.7
8%
36.0
0%
36.5
7%
31.2
9%
55.3
0%
51.4
4%
Aux. Power Consumption (LU)
241.
28
311.
662
268.
179
551.
61
333.
116
279.
029
161.
452
95.7
96
90.2
45
Gas Consumption(SCM)
2196
7105
7
2383
6464
7
2404
8250
8
2488
7577
3
2097
8202
1
2136
3529
8
1834
8182
5
2971
5109
0
2730
1221
3

35. Dholpur combined cycle power station
• Is has an installed capacity of 330 MW
Stage
Unit
Number
Installed
Capacity
(MW)
Turbine type
Date of
Commissionin
g
Status
1 1 110 Gas Turbine 2007 March Running
1 2 110 Gas Turbine 2007 June Running
1 3 110
Steam
Turbine
2007
December
Running

36. References