Steam Power Plant and Rankine Cycles
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This document discusses methods to improve the efficiency of a Rankine cycle steam power plant. It describes lowering the condenser pressure, superheating steam to high temperatures using reheat, increasing the boiler pressure, implementing an ideal regenerative Rankine cycle with open feedwater heaters, using closed feedwater heaters, and utilizing cogeneration to make use of waste heat. The key methods discussed are lowering condenser pressure, superheating steam, increasing boiler pressure, and implementing regenerative feedwater heating to improve the average heat addition and cycle efficiency.
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I do not have access to the specific book or example you are referring to. Could you please provide more context about the question being asked?
thermal project 1
This document describes a project to optimize the performance of a steam turbine power plant using the Rankine cycle. Five different Rankine cycles are analyzed: 1) the ideal Rankine cycle, 2) the ideal Rankine cycle with reheat, 3) the ideal Rankine cycle with one open feedwater heater, 4) with two open feedwater heaters, and 5) with four open feedwater heaters. Sample calculations are shown for each cycle configuration to determine the thermal efficiency. The document also discusses cost effectiveness calculations to determine the most optimal design for the steam turbine.
Unit_2_58.pdf
This document provides an overview of steam power plants and the Rankine cycle. It describes the key components of a steam power plant including the steam generator, superheater, feedwater heater, furnaces, steam turbine, condenser, and cooling tower. It then explains the ideal Rankine cycle and how it differs from actual power cycles due to irreversibilities. Methods to increase the efficiency of the Rankine cycle such as lowering the condenser pressure, superheating steam, increasing boiler pressure, using reheat cycles, and feedwater heating are also summarized. The objectives are to describe the steam generator, steam turbine, condensers, and cooling towers.
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本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
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一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
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◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
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1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
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Steam Power Plant and Rankine Cycles
- 2. 1 2 3 4
- 5. HOW TO INCREASE EFFICIENCY OF RANKINE CYCLE
- 6. Lowering the condenser pressure (Lower Tlow,avg) Steam in saturated mixture during condensation rejectedisheattheofretemperatuthus ,mean TP Increase in net work output Additional heat input requirements (2 to 2’), but small compared to Wnet Condenser operating pressure is limited by the temperature of the cooling medium Side effect: Lowering the condenser pressure increases the moisture content of the steam at the final stages of the turbine (4´). Could cause air leakage to condenser and moisture content of the steam in the turbine due to low pressure
- 7. •Superheating the steam to high temperatures (Increases Thigh,avg) Steam is superheated at constant pressure (3 to 3’) which increase the net work output. Decreases the moisture content of the steam at the turbine exit. Steam superheated temperature is limited by metallurgical considerations and material limitation (may create damage to turbine blades) Possible solution: Expand the steam in the turbine in two stages, and reheat it in between. (Decrease in Steam remains same as before)
- 8. •Superheating the steam to high temperatures with Reheat
- 9. Increasing the boiler pressure (Increases T high, avg) Pboiler increase which will automatically increase the boiling temperature Increases the net work output, but at the same time increases the moisture content in the turbine High moisture content (at 4’ than 4) causes: • erosion in turbine blades and •Viscous effect i.e. resistance to flow
- 10. Ideal Regenerative Rankine Cycle A feed water heater is basically a heat exchanger where heat is transferred from the steam to the feed water . An open (or direct-contact) feed water heater is basically a mixing chamber, where the steam extracted from the turbine mixes with the feed water leaving the pump. Ideally, the mixture leaves the heater as a saturated liquid at the heater pressure.
- 11. Ideal Regenerative Rankine Cycle •This improves the average heat-addition and thus the cycle efficiency. •In steam power plants, steam is extracted from the turbine at various points to heat the feed water to boiler and thus improves cycle efficiency •. The device where the feed water is heated by regeneration is called a regenerator, or a feed water heater (FWH).
- 12. Ideal Regenerative Rankine Cycle with Open FWH 1-2 pump-I. 2-3 Mixing of Feed water 6-3 Steam from turbine. 3-4 pump II. 4-5 heat addition in boiler. 5-6 Turbine Work out (‘y’ portion of steam to FWH). 5-7 Turbine Work out (1-y portion of steam). 7-1 heat rejection in condenser.
- 13. Ideal Regenerative Rankine Cycle with Open FWH y x h6 + (1-y) x h7 = 1 x h3 y x h6 (1-y) x h71 x h3
- 14. Closed Feed-Water Heaters Another type of feed water heater frequently used in steam power plants is the closed feed water heater, in which heat is transferred from the extracted steam to the feed water without any mixing taking place. The two streams now can be at different pressures, since they do not mix.
- 16. Cogeneration • In production of electricity some energy is rejected as waste heat, but in cogeneration this thermal energy is put to good use. Concept is to utilize waste heat from the power plant •Heat is extracted from at least two heat sources • the first one being the flow rate of waste heat obtained from the exhaust gases from the power plant. •Heat from the condensing steam taken from the low pressure turbine extraction points •The resulting low-temperature waste heat extracted is then used for water or space heating.
- 17. Cogeneration