This document discusses boilers and steam generators used at the Rishraj Institute of Technology (RIT) in Indore. It describes the types of boilers used, including fire tube boilers in a tangential form. It discusses the components and safety features of boilers, as well as the differences between drum type boilers and supercritical boilers. The document also covers programmable logic controllers (PLCs), including their components, input and output operations, and common configurations for switches and buttons. Resistance temperature detectors (RTDs) are also summarized, including their operation, configurations, and suitability for precision temperature measurement applications.

1. RISHRAJ INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,INDORE
VENUE
RIT,INDORE
CREATED BY
ANAND DWIVEDI

2. A boiler or steam generator is a device used to
create steam by applying heat energy to water.
Boiler Steam generator unit used in coal-fired -The
steam generator.
To maintain inner temperature small pipe is used .
In SIPAT plant we used only high pressure Boiler.

3. 1.Fire-tube boiler.
2. Cylindrical fire-tube boiler.
3. Flued boiler.
4. Multi-tube boilers.
In sipat plant we used Fire tube boiler in
tangetial Form.
To increse the temprature of water coal will be
used.

4. Safety valve.
Pressure measurement
Main steam Stop Valve
Low-Water Alarm
Low Water Fuel Cut-out
Fusible Plug

6. In sipat plant stage 1 and stage 2 have been Worked where small
difference between them one is used boiler drum to seprate water
and steam .but in stage 2 directly used supercritical heater water is
converted on Steam .
In stage 1 Bolier drum is used and another stage 2 no boiler drum
is required.
In stage 1 One LP,HP, and IP turbine is used and stage 2 one HP,IP
and two LP1 and LP2 will be used sequantially
In Super critical boiler directly water change into steam but in
Drum type boiler Boiler and Water are seprate

7. PLC have always follow relays controller.relays are nothing but
electromagnetic switching device work on the basis of ON and
OFF process.
PLC over hard-wired control systems, practical applications,
troubleshooting and maintenance of PLC’s.
yielding simply an On or Off signal (1 or 0, True or False,
respectively). Push buttons, Limit switches, and photoelectric
sensors are examples of devices providing a discrete signal.
Discrete signals are sent using either voltage or current, where a
specific range is designated as On and another as Off.

8. Major Components of a Common PLC
POWER
SUPPLY
From
SENSORS
I M
N O
P D
U U
T L
E
PROCESSOR
Pushbuttons,
contacts,
limit switches,
etc.
PROGRAMMING
DEVICE
O
U
T
P
U
T
M
O
D
U
L
E
To
OUTPUT
Solenoids,
contactors,
alarms
etc.
8

9.  POWER SUPPLY ::
Provides the voltage needed to run the primary PLC components
 I/O MODULES ::
Provides signal conversion and isolation between the internal logiclevel signals inside the PLC and the field’s high level signal.
 PROCESSOR ::
Provides intelligence to command and govern the activities of the
entire PLC systems.
 PROGRAMMING DEVICE::
used to enter the desired program that will determine the
sequence of operation and control of process equipment or driven
machine

10. Normally Open Pushbutton
Normally Closed Pushbutton
Normally Open switch
Normally Closed switch
1
Normally Open contact
Normally closed contact

11. OR OPERATION
A
C
Rung
B
In the rung above, it can be seen that either input A or B
is be true (1), or both are true, then the output C is true (1).
11

12. AND OPERATION
A
B
C
Rung
Each rung or network on a ladder program represents
a logic operation. In the rung above, both inputs A and B
must be true (1) in order for the output C to be true (1).
12

13. Resistance thermometers, also called resistance
temperature detectors ('RTD's), are sensors used to
measure temperature by correlating the resistance of
the RTD element with temperature
The RTD element is made from a pure material,
typically platinum, nickel or copper. The material has
a predictable change in resistance as the temperature
changes; it is this predictable change that is used to
determine temperature

14. Stability of the characteristic over the short and long term is vital if
practical use is to made of the conductor
Due to thermal excitation, the electrical resistance of a conductor
varies according to its temperature and this forms the basic principles
of resistance thermometry.
Wire configuration in various type ::
Two wire configuration
Three wire configuration
Four wire configuration

15. The Birth of RTD
• The classical resistance temperature detector (RTD)
construction using platinum was proposed by C.H.
Meyers in 1932.
• He wound a helical coil of platinum on a crossed mica
web and mounted the assembly inside a glass tube.
• This construction minimized strain on the wire while
maximizing resistance.

17. •High accuracy
•Low drift
•Wide operating range
Suitability for precision applications

18. 
 Be like the coffee bean!
 ANAND DWIVEDI…..