Osteomalacia is a softening of the bones due to vitamin D deficiency which impairs bone mineralization. It commonly affects elderly individuals, those with a family history of rickets, people of black or South Asian descent, and patients with gastrointestinal, renal or tumor conditions that interfere with vitamin D absorption or metabolism. Symptoms include bone pain, muscle weakness, and increased risk of fractures. Diagnosis involves blood tests to measure calcium, phosphate, vitamin D, and alkaline phosphatase levels. Treatment focuses on increasing vitamin D through sun exposure, dietary sources, and supplementation.

2. Osteomalacia
Zaryab Ghauri
Batch E

3. What is Osteomalacia?
Osteomalacia means soft bones often develops
because of vitamin D deficiency.

4. Who gets Osteomalacia?
Elder People
Family History of Rickets
Black Race
South Asian Origin

5. Bone Mineralization
Bone Mineral Hydroxyapatite
[Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2]
Vitamin D(Metabolism)

6. Vitamin D(Functions)
*Intestinal Calcium
absorption
*Re-absorption of Calcium
from Kidneys
*Interaction with PTH in
regulation of blood
Calcium
*Mineralization of Bone

7. Osteoclasts
Osteoblasts
Osteocytes
Lining Cells

8. Pathology in Osteomalacia
Inadequately mineralized Osteoid

9. Causes Of Osteomalacia
1. Vitamin D deficiency
Diet
Sun Exposure

10. 2. Gastrointestinal Causes
Gastric
Intestinal
Billiary
3. Renal Causes
Chronic Renal Failure
Renal Tubular Acidosis
Long term Renal Dialysis
Fanconi Syndrome(Poisoning)

11. 4. Tumor Induced Osteomalacia
5. Drugs
Phenobarbital (Pubmed)
Acetazolamide
(JAMA, Journal of the American Medical Association)
Ammonium Chloride
(http://press.endocrine.org/doi/abs/10.1210/jcem-16-5-599)
Disodium Etidronate
(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10883448)
Flouride
(http://fluoridealert.org/studies/osteoid02/)

12. Symptoms
>50yrs age
Bone Pain
Muscle Weakness
Easy Fractures

13. Investigations
CBC
Electrolytes
Levels Of Calcium
Phosphorus
Calcium Phosphorus Index
Vitamin D
ALP
PTH

15. Looser’s Zone

17. Codfish Vertebrae

18. Trefoil Pelvis

20. Bone Scan

21. Treatment
Sun Exposure
Diet
Vitamin D supplementation

22. Prevention

23. References
http://painreliveonlypt.blogspot.com/2014/10/
osteomalacia-causes-risk-factors.html
http://www.arthritisresearchuk.org/arthritis-
information/conditions/osteomalacia/what-is-
osteomalacia.aspx
http://www.vitaminsestore.com/osteomalacia-
causes-treatments-symptoms-and-risk-factors/