Ophthalmia neonatorum, or conjunctivitis in newborns, is most commonly caused by Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae acquired during vaginal birth. It remains an important cause of preventable blindness if left untreated. Prophylaxis with erythromycin or silver nitrate drops after birth can significantly reduce the risk of infection. Complications include corneal ulceration and perforation if not properly treated with antibiotics. Maternal screening and treatment of STDs is the most effective strategy for prevention.
Ophthalmology
-Neonatal conjunctivitis is the bilateral inflammation of the conjunctiva in an infant less than 30 days old.It is a preventable disease occurring as a result of carelessness at the time of birth .
📌Contents:
- Definition
- Etiology
- Clinical features
- Prophylaxis
- Investigations
- Treatment
Presentation made from the Kanski,Wills eye manual,Harper,And Oxford handbook of ophthalmology.You dont need to read these books for VIRAL CONJUNCTIVITIS after reading this this presentation.
Ophthalmology
-Neonatal conjunctivitis is the bilateral inflammation of the conjunctiva in an infant less than 30 days old.It is a preventable disease occurring as a result of carelessness at the time of birth .
📌Contents:
- Definition
- Etiology
- Clinical features
- Prophylaxis
- Investigations
- Treatment
Presentation made from the Kanski,Wills eye manual,Harper,And Oxford handbook of ophthalmology.You dont need to read these books for VIRAL CONJUNCTIVITIS after reading this this presentation.
Congenital Glaucoma is one of the most common causes of irreversible childhood blindness. This presentation covers this topic in detail that can aid physicians in effective patient care.
PS: The slides in the preview look skewed, download the presentation to view the font used in Office 2012 and upwards.
Ophthalmia Neonatorum or Neonatal ConjunctivitisAakanksha Bajpai
This presentation describe the condition of eye which is very common among neonates i.e. ophthalmia neonatorum which is otherwise also known as neonatal conjunctivitis. the major causes,diagnostic tests and manqgement is described here. Also ways to prevent it are explained.
Conjunctivitis is an inflammation or swelling of the conjunctiva. Often called "pink eye," conjunctivitis is a common eye disease, especially in children. It may affect one or both eyes.
The corneal diseases are one of the leading causes of blindness in the world. in most cases, these infections are preventable or treatable.
This seminar provides an overview of the anatomy and physiology of the cornea, as well as an overview of common conditions.
This slide contains information regarding blepharitis, chalazion and stye. This can be helpful for proficiency level and bachelor level nursing students.
Congenital Glaucoma is one of the most common causes of irreversible childhood blindness. This presentation covers this topic in detail that can aid physicians in effective patient care.
PS: The slides in the preview look skewed, download the presentation to view the font used in Office 2012 and upwards.
Ophthalmia Neonatorum or Neonatal ConjunctivitisAakanksha Bajpai
This presentation describe the condition of eye which is very common among neonates i.e. ophthalmia neonatorum which is otherwise also known as neonatal conjunctivitis. the major causes,diagnostic tests and manqgement is described here. Also ways to prevent it are explained.
Conjunctivitis is an inflammation or swelling of the conjunctiva. Often called "pink eye," conjunctivitis is a common eye disease, especially in children. It may affect one or both eyes.
The corneal diseases are one of the leading causes of blindness in the world. in most cases, these infections are preventable or treatable.
This seminar provides an overview of the anatomy and physiology of the cornea, as well as an overview of common conditions.
This slide contains information regarding blepharitis, chalazion and stye. This can be helpful for proficiency level and bachelor level nursing students.
Neonatal herpes zoster ophthalmicus: Two rare casesBIJCROO
Two neonates, one 15 days old and another 20 days old, presented with redness, eye watering, periocular and lid
swelling, photophobia, and vesicular lesions over forehead on the right side of face. Ocular examination revealed
ciliary and conjunctival congestion, chemosis, and hazy cornea due to stromal edema. Although herpes zoster is
very rare in neonates, the diagnosis of herpes zoster ophthalmicus was made and treated with systemic and topical antiviral, topical antibiotic, and corticosteroid. Both neonates showed dramatic response in 7 days of treatment and fully cured within 4 weeks.
ABSTRACT- A prospective case study of patients presenting with clinically suspected keratitis was conducted at Al-Rehma Hospital, Sirte, Libya between January 2008 and November 2010. A total of 32.9% patients were identified with fungal keratitis, Aspergillus and Fusarium together accounted for 89.28% of cases. Males had higher predisposition as compared with females. Trauma (78.5%) was the major cause, vegetative injury alone constituting 60.7% of cases. Other most common identifiable risk factors were history of diabetes mellitus (17.8%), contact lens (21.4%) and corticosteroids (3.57%). Fungal keratitis still possesses a significant threat for increased ocular morbidity. The overall knowledge of fungal keratitis with its clinical determinants and risk factors, would aid in general awareness and prevention of complications associated with it.
Key-words- Fungal keratitis, Cornea, Vegetative trauma, Contact lens, Diabetes mellitus, Corticosteroid
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
3. 3
DEFINITION :
Conjunctival inflammation during
the neonatal period.
Watering of the eyes should
create a suspicion of this as
tears are not formed before 3-4
weeks post partum
Ophthalmology by Kiros
2/1/2014
4. epidemiology
4
It’s the most common eye
infection in new borns
Ophtalmia neonatorum acquired
during vaginal delivery reflects
the prevalence of STD in the
community
Ophthalmology by Kiros
2/1/2014
5. Cont…
5
History : in 1880 10% of
European new borns developed
gonococcal conjunctivitis
: in 1881 crede introduced
2% silver nitrate as a prophylaxis
which reduced the incidence to
0.3%
Ophthalmology by Kiros
2/1/2014
6. Cont…
6
Gonococcal ophtalmia
neonatorum has an incidence of
0.3/1000 live births in USA , while
Chlamydia trachomatis has an
incidence of 8.2/1000 live births
making it the commonest cause.
Ophthalmology by Kiros
2/1/2014
7. Etiology
7
modes of infection could be:
Before birth
During(most common) or
After birth
Ophthalmology by Kiros
2/1/2014
8. Etiology
8
Source of infection could be:
Maternal genital tract
Non sterile towels and clothing,
infected hands
The environment…
Ophthalmology by Kiros
2/1/2014
10. cont…
10
The causes can be broadly
classified as : Infectious and
Non infectious
Ophthalmology by Kiros
2/1/2014
11. chemical
11
Chemical conjunctivitis – is the
commonest of the non infectious
and it is usually due to silver
nitrate which causes a transient
conjunctival irritation after 6 hours
of installation of silver nitrate and
self limits by 24-48 hours
Ophthalmology by Kiros
2/1/2014
12. Chlamydial
12
Chlamydia trachomatis – is the
commonest infectious cause. It’s
a sexually transmitted pathogen,
Infants whose mothers have
untreated chlamydial infections
antepartum have a 30% - 40%
chance of developing chlamydial
neonatal conjunctivitis
postpartum.
Ophthalmology by Kiros
2/1/2014
13. Cont…
13
It causes a form of conjunctivitis
called neonatal inclusion
conjunctivitis.
Neonatal infection is usually caused
by C. trachomatis serovariants B
and D through K
Associated systemic infections like
ottitis media and chlamydial
pneumonitis are devastating so
treatment is mandatory.
Ophthalmology by Kiros
2/1/2014
14. Gonococcal
14
N. gonorrhoeae is a gram-negative
diplococcus. Humans are its only
known reservoir. Gonococci have
the ability to penetrate intact
epithelial cells-the basis for corneal
perforation.
Co infection with Chlamydia is
common
Ophthalmology by Kiros
2/1/2014
16. Miscelanious bacteria
16
Those include – staph. aureus ,
strep. Hemolyticus , strep.
Pneumoneae , pseudomonas
auruginosa , and heamophilus
influenza
Pseudomonas poses a serious
concern
Ophthalmology by Kiros
2/1/2014
17. Herpes simplex virus
17
Although either HSV-1or HSV-2 can
cause neonatal conjunctivitis, up to
70% of neonatal herpetic infections
have been attributed to the genital
strain, HSV-2
Most HSV-1 infections are transmitted
due to contact with active infections
while
HSV-2 is usually transmitted during
passage through the birth canal or by
Ophthalmology by Kiros 2/1/2014
transplacental mechanisms.
19. 19
1.
2.
3.
Prophylaxis
Antenatal : care of mother
Natal : hygienic delivery
Postnatal : 1% tetracycline, 0.5%
erythromycin or 1% silver nitrate solution
Ophthalmology by Kiros
2/1/2014
20. 20
Maternal screening -The most effective
measure to prevent both gonococcal and
chlamydial infections is to diagnose and treat
these infections in pregnant women
Ophthalmology by Kiros
2/1/2014
21. 21
The CDC recommends screening for gonorrhea
in women who are at increased risk for infection
those
with previous gonorrheal infection or other
STDs,
new or multiple sex partners,
inconsistent condom use,
those who engage in commercial sex work
and
drug use,
Ophthalmology by Kiros
2/1/2014
22. 22
neonatal prophylaxis — The risk of contracting
gonococcal conjunctivitis is markedly reduced
by effective prophylaxis
Eye prophylaxis should be performed shortly
after birth within the first hour of life in all
infants
Ophthalmology by Kiros
2/1/2014
23. 23
Drops of 0.5% erythromycin or 1% silver
nitrate(Credé’s method of prophylaxis) are
instilled directly into the open eyes at birth
using wax or plastic single-dose containers.
Saline irrigation after silver nitrate application
is unnecessary
Tetracycline (1 percent) ophthalmic ointment;
tetracycline ophthalmic ointment is not
available in the United States.
Ophthalmology by Kiros
2/1/2014
24. 24
Erythromycin ophthalmic ointment
causes less chemical conjunctivitis
than does silver nitrate solution but
silver nitrate is more effective as a
prophylaxis for penicillinase-producing
Neisseria gonorrhoeae than
erythromycin and should be used in
areas where that organism is
prevalent
Ophthalmology by Kiros 2/1/2014
25. 25
Asymptomatic infants whose mothers have
untreated gonococcal infection are at high risk
for acquiring infection.
should receive systemic
treatment with a single dose of
ceftriaxon (25 to 50 mg/kg, up to a
total dose of 125 mg, IV or IM) in
addition to topical prophylaxis
Ophthalmology by Kiros
2/1/2014
26. 26
A single instillation of povidoneiodine 2.5%
solution is effective against the common
pathogens
diagnosis and treatment of chlamydial
infections in pregnant women is the best
method for preventing chlamydial disease.
Infants born to mothers known to have
untreated chlamydial infection are at high risk
for infection; however, prophylactic
antimicrobial treatment is not indicated
Ophthalmology
Kiros 2/1/2014
because the efficacy is notbyknown
27. 27
Complications include
Ὕ corneal ulceration and perforation,
Ὕ iridocyclitis,
Ὕ anterior synechiae, and
Ὕ rarely panophthal-mitis
Ὕ blindness, and death
Ophthalmology by Kiros
2/1/2014
28. 28
If bacterial conjunctivitis is left untreated,
corneal involvement can occur and is
characterized by punctate corneal epithelial
erosions.
In the case of disease with N. gonorrhoeae,
large, punctate, superficial lesions may be
seen, which coalesce and progress to corneal
perforation thus Gonococcal conjunctivitis
should be considered a medical emergency
Ophthalmology by Kiros
2/1/2014
29. 29
When staphylococcal conjunctivitis is
complicated by corneal involvement, the lower
portion of the cornea is infected more
frequently than the upper half, and marginal
corneal infiltrates with peripheral
vascularization can be seen
Ophthalmology by Kiros
2/1/2014
30. 30
Untreated chlamydial conjunctivitis, especially
when associated with nasopharyngeal
colonization, can progress to pneumonia in
some infants.
Even without invasive eye disease, systemic
complications such as bacteremia and
meningitis often develop in infants with P.
aeruginosa conjunctivitis.
Ophthalmology by Kiros
2/1/2014
31. 31
Reference
Jack j kaniski and brad bowling, clinical
ophthalmology 7th edition
Up to date 19.3 verison
Nelson textbook of pediatrics 19th edition
Fanaroff and martins neonatal- perinatal
medicine 8th edition
Ophthalmology by Kiros
2/1/2014