Syphilis
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This document defines syphilis as a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum. It describes the epidemiology, clinical features, laboratory diagnosis, complications, treatment, and prevention of syphilis. Syphilis presents initially as a chancre sore and progresses through primary, secondary, latent, and tertiary stages if left untreated. Penicillin is the most common treatment, though antibiotics like doxycycline may be used for those allergic to penicillin. Safe sex practices and regular STI screening are important for prevention.
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Syphilis
Treponema pallidum is a spirochete bacterium that causes syphilis. It is thin and motile, seen under darkfield microscopy. Syphilis is transmitted sexually or from mother to fetus. It has three stages - primary, secondary, and tertiary - with characteristic lesions developing at each stage like chancres. Diagnosis involves serological tests detecting antibodies like VDRL and RPR. Penicillin is the treatment of choice.
Syphilis PPT
Syphilis is a contagious bacterial infection caused by Treponema pallidum that is transmitted through direct contact with a chancre sore, usually during sexual contact. It progresses through primary, secondary, latent, and tertiary stages if left untreated. Symptoms vary by stage but may include sores, rashes, and damage to internal organs over time. Diagnosis involves tests of fluids from sores, blood tests, and spinal taps. Treatment is with antibiotics but damage cannot be reversed. Prevention involves safe sex practices and regular testing to catch the infection early.
Syphilis
Syphilis is a sexually transmitted
bacterial infection that causes genital ulcers (sores) in its early stages. If
untreated, these ulcers can then lead to more serious symptoms of
infection.
An ancient disease, syphilis is still of
major importance today. In 2008, 13,500 cases of syphilis were reported in the
united States, mostly in people 20 to 29 years of age. Of these reported cases,
63 percent were among men who have sex with men. Syphilis rates have increased
in males each year between 2000 and 2008 and in females each year between 2004
and 2008.
HIV infection and syphilis are linked.
Syphilis increases the risk of transmitting as well as getting infected with
HIV.
Treponema pallidum
This document provides information on Treponema pallidum, the spirochete bacterium that causes syphilis. It discusses the morphology, cultivation, antigenic structure, and pathogenesis of T. pallidum. It also describes the stages of syphilis infection including primary, secondary, and tertiary syphilis. The document concludes with an overview of laboratory diagnosis of syphilis including microscopy, staining techniques, and various serological tests.
Syphilis
Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. It presents in stages, beginning with a painless sore and progressing to a rash and lesions on mucous membranes if left untreated. Without treatment, it can spread throughout the body and cause damage to internal organs, nerves, and blood vessels. Syphilis is treated with antibiotics, most commonly penicillin, with the treatment depending on which stage the infection is in. Congenital syphilis can occur if an infected mother transmits the bacterium to her fetus during pregnancy.
Impetigo
Impetigo is a highly contagious skin infection mostly affecting children between ages 2-5, causing red, itchy sores that can spread from person to person. There are several types of impetigo including ecthyma, impetigo contagiosa, and bullous impetigo. The bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus pyogenes cause impetigo by entering through cuts or wounds. Symptoms include itchy rashes, skin lesions, swollen lymph nodes, and painful open sores or blisters. Impetigo is diagnosed through examination and testing of fluid samples. Treatment focuses on prevention of spreading and includes antibacterial ointments, oral medications, and cleaning affected areas.
Filariasis
Filariasis is caused by thread-like parasitic roundworms that are spread by mosquitoes and black flies. The worms live in the lymphatic system and other parts of the body, and the females release microfilariae that circulate in the bloodstream. Over time, this can lead to elephantiasis with thickening of the skin. Diagnosis involves examining blood slides for microfilariae at specific times of day. Treatment includes medications that kill the microfilariae like diethylcarbamazine, ivermectin, and doxycycline. Controlling mosquitoes is also important for preventing the spread of filarial parasites.
Filariasis
Filariasis is caused by parasitic nematode worms that infect humans and animals. There are different types classified by where the adult worms reside in the human body, with the cutaneous and lymphatic groups being most important. Symptoms range from asymptomatic infection to acute or chronic conditions like lymphedema and elephantiasis, usually resulting from the host's reaction to the microfilariae or adult worms. While filarial diseases are rarely fatal, they commonly cause long-term disability due to effects on lymphatic systems and productivity losses.
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Syphilis
Treponema pallidum is a spirochete bacterium that causes syphilis. It is thin and motile, seen under darkfield microscopy. Syphilis is transmitted sexually or from mother to fetus. It has three stages - primary, secondary, and tertiary - with characteristic lesions developing at each stage like chancres. Diagnosis involves serological tests detecting antibodies like VDRL and RPR. Penicillin is the treatment of choice.
Syphilis PPT
Syphilis is a contagious bacterial infection caused by Treponema pallidum that is transmitted through direct contact with a chancre sore, usually during sexual contact. It progresses through primary, secondary, latent, and tertiary stages if left untreated. Symptoms vary by stage but may include sores, rashes, and damage to internal organs over time. Diagnosis involves tests of fluids from sores, blood tests, and spinal taps. Treatment is with antibiotics but damage cannot be reversed. Prevention involves safe sex practices and regular testing to catch the infection early.
Syphilis
Syphilis is a sexually transmitted
bacterial infection that causes genital ulcers (sores) in its early stages. If
untreated, these ulcers can then lead to more serious symptoms of
infection.
An ancient disease, syphilis is still of
major importance today. In 2008, 13,500 cases of syphilis were reported in the
united States, mostly in people 20 to 29 years of age. Of these reported cases,
63 percent were among men who have sex with men. Syphilis rates have increased
in males each year between 2000 and 2008 and in females each year between 2004
and 2008.
HIV infection and syphilis are linked.
Syphilis increases the risk of transmitting as well as getting infected with
HIV.
Treponema pallidum
This document provides information on Treponema pallidum, the spirochete bacterium that causes syphilis. It discusses the morphology, cultivation, antigenic structure, and pathogenesis of T. pallidum. It also describes the stages of syphilis infection including primary, secondary, and tertiary syphilis. The document concludes with an overview of laboratory diagnosis of syphilis including microscopy, staining techniques, and various serological tests.
Syphilis
Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. It presents in stages, beginning with a painless sore and progressing to a rash and lesions on mucous membranes if left untreated. Without treatment, it can spread throughout the body and cause damage to internal organs, nerves, and blood vessels. Syphilis is treated with antibiotics, most commonly penicillin, with the treatment depending on which stage the infection is in. Congenital syphilis can occur if an infected mother transmits the bacterium to her fetus during pregnancy.
Impetigo
Impetigo is a highly contagious skin infection mostly affecting children between ages 2-5, causing red, itchy sores that can spread from person to person. There are several types of impetigo including ecthyma, impetigo contagiosa, and bullous impetigo. The bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus pyogenes cause impetigo by entering through cuts or wounds. Symptoms include itchy rashes, skin lesions, swollen lymph nodes, and painful open sores or blisters. Impetigo is diagnosed through examination and testing of fluid samples. Treatment focuses on prevention of spreading and includes antibacterial ointments, oral medications, and cleaning affected areas.
Filariasis
Filariasis is caused by thread-like parasitic roundworms that are spread by mosquitoes and black flies. The worms live in the lymphatic system and other parts of the body, and the females release microfilariae that circulate in the bloodstream. Over time, this can lead to elephantiasis with thickening of the skin. Diagnosis involves examining blood slides for microfilariae at specific times of day. Treatment includes medications that kill the microfilariae like diethylcarbamazine, ivermectin, and doxycycline. Controlling mosquitoes is also important for preventing the spread of filarial parasites.
Filariasis
Filariasis is caused by parasitic nematode worms that infect humans and animals. There are different types classified by where the adult worms reside in the human body, with the cutaneous and lymphatic groups being most important. Symptoms range from asymptomatic infection to acute or chronic conditions like lymphedema and elephantiasis, usually resulting from the host's reaction to the microfilariae or adult worms. While filarial diseases are rarely fatal, they commonly cause long-term disability due to effects on lymphatic systems and productivity losses.
Syphilis lecture PP
This document discusses syphilis, a sexually transmitted disease caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum. It defines syphilis and describes the causative organism. It discusses the modes of transmission for acquired and congenital syphilis. The clinical stages of syphilis are outlined including primary, secondary, latent, and tertiary syphilis. The diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of syphilis are summarized. Congenital syphilis is also described. References are provided.
Filariasis
The document discusses Wucheria bancrofti, the parasitic roundworm that causes lymphatic filariasis. It describes the morphology, life cycle, pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of the parasite. Regarding diagnosis, it explains how microfilaria can be detected microscopically in blood smears, chylous fluid and biopsy specimens. Treatment involves diethylcarbamazine or ivermectin to kill the parasite. Prevention focuses on destroying mosquito breeding sites and using bed nets and repellents.
Syphilis
Syphilis is a chronic sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. It has multiple stages and symptoms that can vary or be asymptomatic depending on the stage. It is most commonly spread through sexual contact but can also be transmitted from mother to child. While it was historically treated with toxic mercury, syphilis can now be easily cured with antibiotics like penicillin if treated during early stages. However, treatment does not reverse prior damage caused by the infection.
Pathogenesis of filariasis
The document summarizes the pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of filariasis caused by Wuchereria bancrofti. It describes two main types: classical filariasis caused by blockage of lymph vessels by adult worms, leading to lymph stasis and elephantiasis; and occult filariasis caused by hypersensitivity to microfilarial antigens without lymphatic involvement, presenting with eosinophilia and pulmonary symptoms. Classical filariasis presents as asymptomatic microfilaremia, acute adenolymphangitis, lymphedema or elephantiasis of limbs. Occult filariasis manifests as tropical pulmonary eosinophilia.
Filariasis
Filariasis is a tropical disease caused by parasitic roundworms transmitted via mosquito bites. The larvae migrate to the lymphatic vessels and cause inflammation and obstruction, leading to swelling of the limbs and genitals called elephantiasis. Common symptoms include fever, skin lesions, and swelling. Diagnosis involves blood tests to detect parasite proteins or microfilariae. Treatment uses albendazole or diethylcarbamazine to kill the parasites, along with antihistamines and corticosteroids to reduce side effects. While elephantiasis cannot be reversed, its progression can be stopped through treatment and preventing further mosquito bites.
Onchocerciasis
Onchocerciasis, also known as river blindness, is caused by infection with the nematode Onchocerca volvulus transmitted through the bites of infected black flies. The larvae spread throughout the body and can cause intense itching, skin lesions, depigmentation, and blindness by infecting the eye. Treatment involves annual doses of ivermectin which kills the parasite and antibiotics which target Wolbachia bacteria within the worms. Prevention focuses on controlling black fly populations through larvicide spraying of rivers.
Amoebiasis
This document discusses amoebiasis, a common intestinal infection caused by the parasite Entamoeba histolytica. It has a worldwide distribution and is a major health problem in areas with poor sanitation. Symptoms range from mild diarrhea to severe dysentery and liver abscesses. Diagnosis is made by identifying the parasite in stool samples. Treatment involves drugs like metronidazole. Prevention relies on improved sanitation, safe food and water, health education, and treatment of carriers like food handlers.
Trichomonas vaginitis.pptx
Introduction
Causative agent : Trichomonas vaginalis
Transmission : Sexual contact
Incubation period : 3 – 28 days.
Clinical features
Sudden profuse and offensive vaginal discharge.
Severe irritation and itching around introitus.
Dysuria and increased frequency of urine.
Examination:
Thin, greenish yellow frothy offensive vaginal discharge.
Inflammed vulva
Vaginal examination may be painful.
Diagnosis:
Culture of discharge :
Diamonds TYM or Feinberg
Whittington medium.
Treatment:
DOC : Metronidazole
200mg TDS x 1 week.
Tinidazole
Syphilis
Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacteria Treponema pallidum that has four stages: primary, secondary, latent, and tertiary. It can cause serious health problems if left untreated. The primary stage involves a sore at the infection site that usually lasts 3-6 weeks. The secondary stage may include a rash on the body and mucous membranes. Most infected people then enter the latent stage where there are no symptoms for years. Tertiary syphilis, occurring 10-30 years later in some untreated cases, can damage internal organs. Syphilis is treated with antibiotics but regular follow up is needed to cure it.
5. Tetanus.pptx
Tetanus is caused by Clostridium tetani bacteria and causes painful muscle spasms. It is characterized by muscle rigidity and spasms. The bacteria produces a neurotoxin that is transported to the spinal cord where it blocks inhibitory neurotransmitter release, causing increased muscle tone and spasms. Treatment involves wound management, antibiotics, antitoxin antibodies, sedation and management of autonomic dysfunction and spasms. Complications can include ventilator-associated pneumonia and infections from prolonged treatment.
Elephantiasis : causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment
Elephantiasis is the general term used for the disease which causes extreme swelling in the arms and legs. The tissues of the Lymph system become thick and inflamed. This disease also goes by the name Lymphatic Filariasis or Elephantitis.
Filariasis
This document provides an overview of filariasis (lymphatic filariasis). It begins with an introduction and outlines the topics to be covered, which include epidemiology, morphology, transmission, life cycle, pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention and control. It then delves into each topic in detail. Some key points are: lymphatic filariasis is caused by infection with filarial nematodes and transmitted by mosquitoes; it affects over 120 million people globally, with highest prevalence in South and Southeast Asia and Africa; microscopic examination of blood and tissue samples is used for diagnosis; prevention focuses on vector control and treatment includes drugs to kill worms and parasites.
Elephantiasis
Elephantiasis, also known as lymphatic filariasis, is a disease caused by parasitic roundworms that block the lymphatic system. The parasites are transmitted by mosquitoes and cause swelling in the limbs and genitals. The document discusses the life cycle of the Wuchereria bancrofti parasite, which involves mosquitoes transmitting larval worms to humans that develop into adults over 2 years in the lymphatic system. Symptoms include swelling of the limbs and genitals. Diagnosis involves examining blood or skin samples for microfilariae. Treatment involves diethylcarbamazine or ivermectin to kill the parasites, along with compression bandages. Prevention focuses on avoiding mosquito
Syphilis slides
This document provides an overview of a syphilis curriculum, including:
1. The curriculum covers the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, patient management, and prevention of syphilis.
2. Lessons include the disease epidemiology in the US, the pathogenesis of Treponema pallidum, clinical manifestations across all stages of syphilis, methods for diagnosis including serologic tests and microscopy, and prevention strategies.
3. The goal is for learners to understand all aspects of syphilis including transmission, population trends, microbiology, symptoms, testing, and treatment according to CDC guidelines.
Syphilis
Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum. It is transmitted through sexual contact, skin contact with sores, or from mother to child during pregnancy. Syphilis has three stages - primary, secondary, and tertiary. The primary stage is marked by a chancre sore. The secondary stage involves a skin rash and mucous patches. The tertiary stage can occur years later and involves damage to internal organs. Congenital syphilis can affect infants if mothers have the disease during pregnancy.
Stages of syphilis and its treatment
Causative organism, immunology, mode of transmission, stages of acquired syphilis, clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment of syphilis
Filariasis
Filariasis is a tropical disease caused by parasitic roundworms transmitted through mosquito bites. The larvae can cause lymphatic obstruction and elephantiasis, a gross enlargement of body parts. Symptoms include fever, chills, and swelling of limbs or genitals. Diagnosis involves examining blood for parasite antibodies or microfilariae. Treatment uses medications to kill the parasites, though elephantiasis cannot be reversed. Prevention focuses on limiting mosquito bites by clothing, nets, and repellents.
Syphilis
Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. It has four stages - primary, secondary, latent, and tertiary. The document provides an overview of the history, morphology, culture characteristics, epidemiology, pathogenesis, signs and symptoms, diagnostic tests, prophylaxis, and treatment for each stage of syphilis. Laboratory diagnosis involves darkfield microscopy, serological tests like VDRL and TPPA. Penicillin is usually used for treatment, while prevention involves condom use and testing of pregnant women.
Syphilis
Syphilis - causative agent - morphology - epidemiology - pathogenesis - symptoms - diagnosis - prophylaxis - treatment
Syphilis
This document provides information about syphilis, caused by the spiral bacteria Treponema pallidum. It can affect all organs and cause a variety of manifestations. Syphilis is classified as either acquired or congenital. Acquired syphilis progresses through primary, secondary, early latent, and late stages. Primary syphilis causes painless ulcers. Secondary syphilis presents with rashes and mucous membrane lesions. Tertiary syphilis can cause gummas or damage to internal organs. Neurosyphilis can also occur. Congenital syphilis is transmitted from mother to child and can cause early symptoms or late complications if untreated. Diagnosis involves blood and CSF tests. Treatment depends on the
Epidemiology of some Diseases Caused by Gram +ve Bacteria
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syphillis.pptx
Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum. It has four stages - primary, secondary, latent, and tertiary - and can cause lesions, rashes, and long-term damage if untreated. It is diagnosed through direct visualization of spirochetes or serological tests. Treatment involves penicillin, doxycycline, or tetracycline depending on the stage of disease. Syphilis can also be transmitted from mother to child during pregnancy or childbirth, potentially causing fetal death or lifelong infections.
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Syphilis lecture PP
This document discusses syphilis, a sexually transmitted disease caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum. It defines syphilis and describes the causative organism. It discusses the modes of transmission for acquired and congenital syphilis. The clinical stages of syphilis are outlined including primary, secondary, latent, and tertiary syphilis. The diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of syphilis are summarized. Congenital syphilis is also described. References are provided.
Filariasis
The document discusses Wucheria bancrofti, the parasitic roundworm that causes lymphatic filariasis. It describes the morphology, life cycle, pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of the parasite. Regarding diagnosis, it explains how microfilaria can be detected microscopically in blood smears, chylous fluid and biopsy specimens. Treatment involves diethylcarbamazine or ivermectin to kill the parasite. Prevention focuses on destroying mosquito breeding sites and using bed nets and repellents.
Syphilis
Syphilis is a chronic sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. It has multiple stages and symptoms that can vary or be asymptomatic depending on the stage. It is most commonly spread through sexual contact but can also be transmitted from mother to child. While it was historically treated with toxic mercury, syphilis can now be easily cured with antibiotics like penicillin if treated during early stages. However, treatment does not reverse prior damage caused by the infection.
Pathogenesis of filariasis
The document summarizes the pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of filariasis caused by Wuchereria bancrofti. It describes two main types: classical filariasis caused by blockage of lymph vessels by adult worms, leading to lymph stasis and elephantiasis; and occult filariasis caused by hypersensitivity to microfilarial antigens without lymphatic involvement, presenting with eosinophilia and pulmonary symptoms. Classical filariasis presents as asymptomatic microfilaremia, acute adenolymphangitis, lymphedema or elephantiasis of limbs. Occult filariasis manifests as tropical pulmonary eosinophilia.
Filariasis
Filariasis is a tropical disease caused by parasitic roundworms transmitted via mosquito bites. The larvae migrate to the lymphatic vessels and cause inflammation and obstruction, leading to swelling of the limbs and genitals called elephantiasis. Common symptoms include fever, skin lesions, and swelling. Diagnosis involves blood tests to detect parasite proteins or microfilariae. Treatment uses albendazole or diethylcarbamazine to kill the parasites, along with antihistamines and corticosteroids to reduce side effects. While elephantiasis cannot be reversed, its progression can be stopped through treatment and preventing further mosquito bites.
Onchocerciasis
Onchocerciasis, also known as river blindness, is caused by infection with the nematode Onchocerca volvulus transmitted through the bites of infected black flies. The larvae spread throughout the body and can cause intense itching, skin lesions, depigmentation, and blindness by infecting the eye. Treatment involves annual doses of ivermectin which kills the parasite and antibiotics which target Wolbachia bacteria within the worms. Prevention focuses on controlling black fly populations through larvicide spraying of rivers.
Amoebiasis
This document discusses amoebiasis, a common intestinal infection caused by the parasite Entamoeba histolytica. It has a worldwide distribution and is a major health problem in areas with poor sanitation. Symptoms range from mild diarrhea to severe dysentery and liver abscesses. Diagnosis is made by identifying the parasite in stool samples. Treatment involves drugs like metronidazole. Prevention relies on improved sanitation, safe food and water, health education, and treatment of carriers like food handlers.
Trichomonas vaginitis.pptx
Introduction
Causative agent : Trichomonas vaginalis
Transmission : Sexual contact
Incubation period : 3 – 28 days.
Clinical features
Sudden profuse and offensive vaginal discharge.
Severe irritation and itching around introitus.
Dysuria and increased frequency of urine.
Examination:
Thin, greenish yellow frothy offensive vaginal discharge.
Inflammed vulva
Vaginal examination may be painful.
Diagnosis:
Culture of discharge :
Diamonds TYM or Feinberg
Whittington medium.
Treatment:
DOC : Metronidazole
200mg TDS x 1 week.
Tinidazole
Syphilis
Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacteria Treponema pallidum that has four stages: primary, secondary, latent, and tertiary. It can cause serious health problems if left untreated. The primary stage involves a sore at the infection site that usually lasts 3-6 weeks. The secondary stage may include a rash on the body and mucous membranes. Most infected people then enter the latent stage where there are no symptoms for years. Tertiary syphilis, occurring 10-30 years later in some untreated cases, can damage internal organs. Syphilis is treated with antibiotics but regular follow up is needed to cure it.
5. Tetanus.pptx
Tetanus is caused by Clostridium tetani bacteria and causes painful muscle spasms. It is characterized by muscle rigidity and spasms. The bacteria produces a neurotoxin that is transported to the spinal cord where it blocks inhibitory neurotransmitter release, causing increased muscle tone and spasms. Treatment involves wound management, antibiotics, antitoxin antibodies, sedation and management of autonomic dysfunction and spasms. Complications can include ventilator-associated pneumonia and infections from prolonged treatment.
Elephantiasis : causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment
Elephantiasis is the general term used for the disease which causes extreme swelling in the arms and legs. The tissues of the Lymph system become thick and inflamed. This disease also goes by the name Lymphatic Filariasis or Elephantitis.
Filariasis
This document provides an overview of filariasis (lymphatic filariasis). It begins with an introduction and outlines the topics to be covered, which include epidemiology, morphology, transmission, life cycle, pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention and control. It then delves into each topic in detail. Some key points are: lymphatic filariasis is caused by infection with filarial nematodes and transmitted by mosquitoes; it affects over 120 million people globally, with highest prevalence in South and Southeast Asia and Africa; microscopic examination of blood and tissue samples is used for diagnosis; prevention focuses on vector control and treatment includes drugs to kill worms and parasites.
Elephantiasis
Elephantiasis, also known as lymphatic filariasis, is a disease caused by parasitic roundworms that block the lymphatic system. The parasites are transmitted by mosquitoes and cause swelling in the limbs and genitals. The document discusses the life cycle of the Wuchereria bancrofti parasite, which involves mosquitoes transmitting larval worms to humans that develop into adults over 2 years in the lymphatic system. Symptoms include swelling of the limbs and genitals. Diagnosis involves examining blood or skin samples for microfilariae. Treatment involves diethylcarbamazine or ivermectin to kill the parasites, along with compression bandages. Prevention focuses on avoiding mosquito
Syphilis slides
This document provides an overview of a syphilis curriculum, including:
1. The curriculum covers the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, patient management, and prevention of syphilis.
2. Lessons include the disease epidemiology in the US, the pathogenesis of Treponema pallidum, clinical manifestations across all stages of syphilis, methods for diagnosis including serologic tests and microscopy, and prevention strategies.
3. The goal is for learners to understand all aspects of syphilis including transmission, population trends, microbiology, symptoms, testing, and treatment according to CDC guidelines.
Syphilis
Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum. It is transmitted through sexual contact, skin contact with sores, or from mother to child during pregnancy. Syphilis has three stages - primary, secondary, and tertiary. The primary stage is marked by a chancre sore. The secondary stage involves a skin rash and mucous patches. The tertiary stage can occur years later and involves damage to internal organs. Congenital syphilis can affect infants if mothers have the disease during pregnancy.
Stages of syphilis and its treatment
Causative organism, immunology, mode of transmission, stages of acquired syphilis, clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment of syphilis
Filariasis
Filariasis is a tropical disease caused by parasitic roundworms transmitted through mosquito bites. The larvae can cause lymphatic obstruction and elephantiasis, a gross enlargement of body parts. Symptoms include fever, chills, and swelling of limbs or genitals. Diagnosis involves examining blood for parasite antibodies or microfilariae. Treatment uses medications to kill the parasites, though elephantiasis cannot be reversed. Prevention focuses on limiting mosquito bites by clothing, nets, and repellents.
Syphilis
Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. It has four stages - primary, secondary, latent, and tertiary. The document provides an overview of the history, morphology, culture characteristics, epidemiology, pathogenesis, signs and symptoms, diagnostic tests, prophylaxis, and treatment for each stage of syphilis. Laboratory diagnosis involves darkfield microscopy, serological tests like VDRL and TPPA. Penicillin is usually used for treatment, while prevention involves condom use and testing of pregnant women.
Syphilis
Syphilis - causative agent - morphology - epidemiology - pathogenesis - symptoms - diagnosis - prophylaxis - treatment
Syphilis
This document provides information about syphilis, caused by the spiral bacteria Treponema pallidum. It can affect all organs and cause a variety of manifestations. Syphilis is classified as either acquired or congenital. Acquired syphilis progresses through primary, secondary, early latent, and late stages. Primary syphilis causes painless ulcers. Secondary syphilis presents with rashes and mucous membrane lesions. Tertiary syphilis can cause gummas or damage to internal organs. Neurosyphilis can also occur. Congenital syphilis is transmitted from mother to child and can cause early symptoms or late complications if untreated. Diagnosis involves blood and CSF tests. Treatment depends on the
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Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum. It has four stages - primary, secondary, latent, and tertiary - and can cause lesions, rashes, and long-term damage if untreated. It is diagnosed through direct visualization of spirochetes or serological tests. Treatment involves penicillin, doxycycline, or tetracycline depending on the stage of disease. Syphilis can also be transmitted from mother to child during pregnancy or childbirth, potentially causing fetal death or lifelong infections.
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This document provides information about syphilis, including:
1. Syphilis is a chronic infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum that is transmitted sexually or congenitally.
2. Primary syphilis presents as a chancre on the genitals or mouth. Secondary syphilis causes a rash and mucous membrane lesions. Tertiary syphilis can damage internal organs if left untreated.
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The document discusses chickenpox (varicella) and the chickenpox vaccine. It begins by describing the symptoms of chickenpox which include a rash, fever, and blisters. It then notes that before the vaccine was introduced in the 1990s, around 4 million cases of chickenpox occurred annually in the US. Hospitalizations due to chickenpox have declined by around 90% since the vaccine was introduced. The document concludes by stating that widespread chickenpox vaccination has led to a significant decline in cases of the disease.
Infection Control
This document discusses infection control by identifying differences between bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. It explains the conditions needed for microorganism growth and how infection agents enter the body. Common pathogenic strains that cause wound infections are Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Preventing infection involves proper hand washing, covering wounds, and using personal protective equipment correctly.
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Meningitis
This document provides information about meningitis, including what it is, its causes, symptoms, and importance for public health. Meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It can be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi or other factors. Bacterial meningitis requires urgent antibiotic treatment and can be life-threatening. Common symptoms include fever, headache, neck stiffness, and rash. Public education is important for raising awareness of meningitis signs and encouraging timely medical care. Challenges for public health include educating the public and timely reporting, while opportunities include strengthening communication and partnerships.
HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS(FERNANDEZ).pptx
Human: [DOCUMENT]:
HUMAN IMMUNODEFIENCY
VIRUS (HIV, AIDS)
Top 10 must vaccines
human settlements/communities increased the possibility of a disease infecting many people at a time in a geographical area i.e known as an epidemic. And with time as communities mingled with each other either for trade, war, etc. they spread the diseases to new location fueling the pandemic.
$$ SYPHILIS $$
Syphilis is a bacterial infection caused by Treponema pallidum that is primarily transmitted through sexual contact. It develops in stages, beginning with a chancre sore and progressing to rashes, fever, and lymph node swelling if left untreated. Without treatment, syphilis can spread to the heart, brain and other organs. It is diagnosed through blood tests and treated with antibiotics like penicillin. Untreated syphilis can cause serious long term complications or death.
Syphilis
This document provides information about syphilis in Canada. It describes what syphilis is, how it spreads through sexual or skin-to-skin contact, and its various stages from primary to latent to tertiary if left untreated. Statistics are presented on rising rates of syphilis infections in Canada from 2001-2017, particularly among men who have sex with men. Preventative measures and importance of screening are discussed. Syphilis can also spread from mother to fetus, resulting in potential stillbirths or birth defects. Overall rates remain low compared to other STDs but continued education and awareness is needed.
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Action research is a form of applied research that aims to empower people through a process of constructing and using knowledge. It involves practitioners systematically examining their own practices to improve conditions. Participatory action research specifically seeks to empower vulnerable groups through generating knowledge and action. The process involves identifying issues, collecting and interpreting data, acting on evidence, and evaluating results in continuous cycles of self-reflection. Outcome research assesses the end results of healthcare to develop evidence-based practices and improve services.
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1. quantitative research types
This document discusses different types of quantitative research designs:
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Syphilis
- 1. Ms. Chanda Jabeen PhD (Scholar) Epidemiology & Public Health 12/8/2020 1
- 2. Objectives Define Syphilis. Describe the Disease explanation in the terms of Epidemiology. Describe Clinical features of the disease. Define the Laboratory Diagnosis for the disease. Define the Complications of the disease. Explain control/management of the disease. 212/8/2020
- 3. Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum. It is transmitted from person to person by direct contact with a syphilitic sore, known as a chancre. Chancres can occur on or around the external genitals, in the vagina, around the anus , or in the rectum, or in or around the mouth. It may also be transmitted from mother to baby during pregnancy or at birth, resulting in congenital syphilis Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum is a spiral- shaped, Gram-negative, highly mobile bacterium. 312/8/2020
- 4. Distribution (time, place& person) Time: In 2015, about 45.4 million people were infected with syphilis, with 6 million new cases. During 2015, it caused about 107,000 deaths, down from 202,000 in 1990. Place: Mostly (60%) of new cases in the United States occur in men (homosexual). In other countries, syphilis prevalence among MSM is more than 15 per cent, including in Afghanistan, Argentina, Fiji, Guatemala, Jamaica, Morocco, Nicaragua. Person: Common in following: Promiscuity, prostitution, decrease use of condoms, and unsafe sexual practices among men (homosexual). 412/8/2020
- 5. Determinants (primary & secondary) Primary Determinants Causal Agents: Bacterium Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum. Secondary Determinants are : Promiscuity, prostitution, decrease use of condoms, and unsafe sexual practices among men (homosexual). 512/8/2020
- 6. Source of Infection Incubation period : Primary syphilis usually breaks out about 3 weeks after exposure but can range from 9 to 30 days after exposure. Mode of transmission: Direct contact with the skin. Treponema pallidum are extremely contagious infection. Reservoir of infection : Human are the only reservoir. Portal of entry : Through skin 612/8/2020
- 7. Pathophysiology Primary syphilis: is characterized by ulceration and local lymphadenopathy. The primary syphilis ulcer or chancre containing the T pallidum spirochete is characterized by mononuclear leukocyte infiltration, macrophages, and lymphocytes. It heals spontaneously. 712/8/2020
- 8. Pathophysiology Secondary syphilis: is caused by hematogenous spread of bacterium. This leads to a widespread vasculitis. The mucocutaneous lesions of secondary syphilis also contain treponemes. The reasons for the resolution of secondary syphilis are unclear. 812/8/2020
- 9. Clinical features of syphilis The first sign of syphilis is a small sore, called a chancre (SHANG-kur), that develops three weeks after exposure. The sore appears at the spot where the bacteria entered your body. One chancre, or several. A non-itchy skin rash. Rhinitis Slight fever Fatigue and joint pains Sore throat Swollen glands Headache, Muscle aches 912/8/2020
- 10. Clinical features of syphilis Sores in mouth, vagina, or anus, Weight or hair loss. Swollen lymph glands. Wart-like patches around skin folds or genitals Los of appetite 1012/8/2020
- 11. Laboratory Diagnosis The enzyme immunoassay (EIA) test checks blood using antibodies specific to syphilis infection to locate syphilis antigens. 1112/8/2020
- 12. 1212/8/2020
- 13. Complications Syphilis can cause blindness or paralysis. It increases your chances of getting and spreading HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. Neurosyphilis can not be reversed and lead to death. If it is do spread the STD to your fetus or newborn, it can be very serious and lead to: Stillbirth (the baby is born dead) Birth defect Infant death Cataracts Deafness Seizures 1312/8/2020
- 14. Continue….. Heart abnormalities, Mental disorders, Blindness, Neurologic problems Death. 12/8/2020 14
- 15. Treatment It’s easily treated and curable in its early stages. Penicillin is one of the most widely used antibiotics and is usually effective in treating syphilis. Penicillin G benzathine (Bicillin L-A) Penicillin G procaine. People who are allergic to penicillin will likely be treated with a different antibiotic, such as: Doxycycline (Doryx, Vibramycin) Tetracycline (Sumycin) Erythromycin (E.E.S., E-Mycin) Ceftriaxone (Rocephin) Azithromycin (Zithromax) 1512/8/2020
- 16. Treatment Penicillin G benzathine (Bicillin L-A) Penicillin G procaine. Doxycycline (Doryx, Vibramycin) Tetracycline (Sumycin) Erythromycin (E.E.S., E-Mycin) Ceftriaxone (Rocephin) Azithromycin (Zithromax) 1612/8/2020
- 17. Treatment 10-14 day course of antibiotic tablets if you can't have penicillin. 1712/8/2020
- 18. Prevention Practicing safe sex is the best way to prevent syphilis infection. Monogamous relationship Avoid sex with Patient of syphilis until they have finished treatment. Use condoms during any type of sexual contact. Have regular STI check-ups. 1812/8/2020
- 19. Reference Basvanthapa.B.T.(2008).Community Health Nursing. Delhi: Jaypee Publishers. 1912/8/2020