Ophthalmia neonatorum is conjunctivitis occurring in the first 28 days of life. It is usually caused by bacterial infections transmitted from the mother during delivery, such as Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis. Signs and symptoms depend on the causative organism but can include eye redness, swelling, and discharge. Treatment involves antibiotic therapy guided by diagnostic testing. Complications may include keratitis, vision impairment, or systemic infection. Prompt and appropriate treatment is important to prevent permanent eye damage.
Ophthalmia Neonatorum or Neonatal ConjunctivitisAakanksha Bajpai
This presentation describe the condition of eye which is very common among neonates i.e. ophthalmia neonatorum which is otherwise also known as neonatal conjunctivitis. the major causes,diagnostic tests and manqgement is described here. Also ways to prevent it are explained.
Ophthalmology
-Neonatal conjunctivitis is the bilateral inflammation of the conjunctiva in an infant less than 30 days old.It is a preventable disease occurring as a result of carelessness at the time of birth .
📌Contents:
- Definition
- Etiology
- Clinical features
- Prophylaxis
- Investigations
- Treatment
Ophthalmia Neonatorum or Neonatal ConjunctivitisAakanksha Bajpai
This presentation describe the condition of eye which is very common among neonates i.e. ophthalmia neonatorum which is otherwise also known as neonatal conjunctivitis. the major causes,diagnostic tests and manqgement is described here. Also ways to prevent it are explained.
Ophthalmology
-Neonatal conjunctivitis is the bilateral inflammation of the conjunctiva in an infant less than 30 days old.It is a preventable disease occurring as a result of carelessness at the time of birth .
📌Contents:
- Definition
- Etiology
- Clinical features
- Prophylaxis
- Investigations
- Treatment
neonatal hypothermia is a very emergency condition. if we identify this in early stage we can save the life of neonate. all should know about the maintaining the temperature if the neonate is in our home.
Simple eye education for EHW, Ophthalmic eye student, school eye education & first - second year optometry students only .
common eye lid inflammatory conditions .
stye or hordeolum ( external / internal hordeolum ), lid abscess , chalazion or mebomian retention cyst, accessory lacrimal glands , lacrimal gland etc...
Tonsillitis is inflammation of the tonsils, two oval-shaped pads of tissue at the back of the throat — one tonsil on each side. Signs and symptoms of tonsillitis include swollen tonsils, sore throat, difficulty swallowing and tender lymph nodes on the sides of the neck
neonatal hypothermia is a very emergency condition. if we identify this in early stage we can save the life of neonate. all should know about the maintaining the temperature if the neonate is in our home.
Simple eye education for EHW, Ophthalmic eye student, school eye education & first - second year optometry students only .
common eye lid inflammatory conditions .
stye or hordeolum ( external / internal hordeolum ), lid abscess , chalazion or mebomian retention cyst, accessory lacrimal glands , lacrimal gland etc...
Tonsillitis is inflammation of the tonsils, two oval-shaped pads of tissue at the back of the throat — one tonsil on each side. Signs and symptoms of tonsillitis include swollen tonsils, sore throat, difficulty swallowing and tender lymph nodes on the sides of the neck
“An ENT disease with an ophthalmic manifestation”
Orbital cellulitis (OC) is an inflammatory process that involves the tissues located posterior to the orbital septum within the bony orbit, but the term generally is used to describe infectious inflammation.
It manifests with erythema and edema of the eyelids, vision loss, fever, headache, proptosis, chemosis, and diplopia.
OC usually originates from sinus infection, infection of the eyelids or face, and even hematogenous spread from distant locations.
OC is an uncommon condition that can affect all age groups but is more frequent in the pediatric population.
Spinal immobilization using long board micro teaching 2019Sasha Bondi
demonstration and micro-teaching on spinal immobilisation and log-roll. these manoeuvres save lives and help us healthcare workers to carefully work with patients with possible or actual spinal and/or pelvic injuries.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
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Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
3. Definition
• Ophthalmia neonatorum(ON) refers to conjunctivitis occurring in the
first 28 days of life.
• It is rare and acute
• The infection is acquired from the mother during delivery
• It must be treated immediately to prevent permanent eye damage or
blindness.
4.
5. Aetiology
• There are types
• Infectious
• Non-infectious
• Infectious
• caused by bacterial infections such as N.gonorrhoeae, C.trachomatis
(most common causes) present in the birth canal of an infected
woman.
• Also caused by S.aureus, Strep pneumonia, Pseudomona
spp.,Haemophilus spp. And other gram negative bacteria
• Viral infections less common, can be caused by HSV, adenovirus,
enterovirus.
6. CONT……
• Non-infectious
• ON caused by chemical irritants like silver nitrate (used as
prophylaxus for ON in some countries)
7. Risk factors
• Patients infected with STI, during the delivery time are more at risk of
getting affected with ON.
• In rare cases, a pregnant woman might not be suffering from any
symptom but may still unknowingly transmit the bacteria in the
newborn.
• Pregnant women are highly recommended to discuss any previous
infection of STI with their respective healthcare providers in order to
prevent the baby from all kinds of infections during delivery.
8. Signs and Symptoms
• Gonorrhoeal
Typical onset 2-5 days after birth
Hyper-acute conjunctival injection and chemosis
Local inflammation and mucopurulent discharge (severe)
May be associated corneal ulceration and perforation
9. CONT……
• Chlamydial
5-12 days after birth
Unilateral/bilateral watery discharge which becomes copious and
purulent later on
May be associated pre-septal cellulitis, less commonly rhinitis, otitis,
pneumonitis
Eyes usually less inflamed than in case of Gonococcal infection
10. CONT……
• Viral
Onset is acute, 1-14 days after birth
Unilateral/bilateral serosanguinous discharge +/- vesicular skin
lesions
May include keratitis, anterior uveitis, retinitis and rarely optic
neuritis
Uncommonly systemic infection can cause jaundice,
hepatosplenomegaly, pneumonitis, meningoencephalitis and DIC
12. Diagnosis
• Culture of drainage from eye to determine if viral/bacterial
• NAAT to determine in Gonococcal/chlamydial
• History of STI in mother
• Maternal investigations, cervical swab for occult STI
• SIT lamp exam to determine any kind of injury on the surface of
eyeball
• Differential diagnoses
Keratitis (bacterial, viral, fungal)
Nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO)
Dacrocystitis (infection of lacrimal sac 2ndry to NLDO)
Glaucoma
13.
14. Treatment
• If Gonococcal suspected refer immediately
• Early and appropriate treatment key to prevent consequent severe
sight impairment.
• Appropriate to start infant on broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment
prior to results, or syndromic management till results are out.
• For bacterial treatment guided by organism
• If there is corneal involvement infant should be hospitalised and
treated for bacterial keratitis.
15. CONT…..
• Chlamydial
Erythromycin 50 mg/kg/day P.O divided into 4 doses daily x 2/52
Alternative Azithromycin 20 mg/kg/day P.O 1 dose daily x 3/7
For either monitor for infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
This is common in babies less than 6 weeks old
• Gonococcal
Hospitalise and assess for disseminated disease
Hourly saline lavage to remove discharge
Ceftriaxone 25-50mg/kg/day IV or IM single dose
Do not exceed 125 mg
Other bacterial infections topical antibiotics
Pseudomonas spp. Topical and system. isolate
16. CONT…..
• Viral
Baby hospitalised
Acyclovir IV full-term baby 45-60mg/kg/day in divided doses for 14
days if disease is limited, 21 days in disseminated disease in addition
to topical antiviral preps.
• Chemical
Self limiting
Review after 24 hours to confirm it is indeed chemical
17. Complications
• Mainly related to Gonococcal, others benign.
• Keratitis
• Conjunctival scarring
• Superior corneal pannus (an abnormal layer of fibrovascular tissue or
granulation tissue)
• S.E of treatment (rare)
• i.e. associated with oral macrolide treatment and infantile
hypertrophic pyloric stenosis in less than 6 weeks
• Permanent visual impairment
• Overwhelming systemic infection may occur - e.g., chlamydial
pneumonia, disseminated herpes simplex
• Pseudomonas spp (rare) causes keratitis, in disseminated ultimately
lead to death
18. Prognosis
• Chlamydial-80% fully recover
• Bacterial rarely fails to respond to treatment if prompt and
appropriate, missed infections may lead to sever sight impairment or
even death
• Viral- ocular prognosis can be poor and systemic sequelae can be fatal
• Chemical- good, full spontaneous recovery, expected after 24-36
hours
19. Prevention
• Prenatal maternal screening for STIs
• Prenatal maternal treatment of detected STIs
• Prophylactic treatment of neonates:- topical erythromycin, TEO
• Topical prophylaxis not effective in preventing ON due to chlamydial
infection
20. Nursing management
• Provide health education
• Counsel mother
• Offer HIV testing and counselling
• Advise to return after 3 days for follow up or earlier if need arises
21. Nursing diagnosis
• Hyperthermia related to inflammatory process as evidenced by an
increase in body temperature, warm skin and tachycardia
• Ineffective breathing pattern related to increase in secretions in
airway as evidenced by chest in-drawing
• Interrupted breast-feeding related to neonates present illness as
evidenced by separation of mother from infant
• Risk for impaired parent/infant attachment related to neonates
physical illness and hospitalisation
22.
23. References
• Chlamydial and Gonococcal Infections in Infants and Children; Clinical
Infectious Diseases Vol 53 Issue 3 p S99 - S102
• Matejcek A, Goldman RD; Treatment and prevention of ophthalmia
neonatorum. Can Fam Physician. 2013 Nov59(11):1187-90.
• https://nurseslabs.com/neonatal-sepsis-nursing-care-plansNeonatal
Sepsis Nursing Care PlansByMatt Vera, BSN, R.N. accessed 1-8-2019
• https://www.hxbenefit.com/ophthalmia-neonatorum.html accessed
1-8-2019
• https://patient.info/doctor/Ophthalmia-Neonatorum accessed 1-8-
2019
• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Cent+Afr+J+Med%
22[jour] accessed 1-8-2019
24. GLossary
Keratitis is an inflammation or irritation of the cornea (the transparent membrane covering the iris and pupil)
Anterior uveitis is the inflammation of the iris;
Retinitis is inflammation of the retina in the eye
Optic nerve carries images of what the eye sees to the brain. When this nerve become swollen or inflamed, it is called optic
neuritis.
Meningoencephalitis inflammation and swelling of both the meninges and brain.
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a condition in which blood clots form throughout the body, blocking small
blood vessels. Symptoms may include chest pain, shortness of breath, leg pain, problems speaking, or problems moving parts
of the body.
NAAT- nucleic acid amplified test
Dacryocystitis is an infection of the lacrimal sac, secondary to obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct at the junction of lacrimal
sac.
Glaucoma is a common eye condition where the optic nerve, which connects the eye to the brain, becomes damaged. It's
usually caused by fluid building up in the front part of the eye, which increases pressure inside the eye.
Pyloric stenosis is a thickening or swelling of the pylorus — the muscle between the stomach and the intestines
Pannus is an abnormal layer of fibrovascular tissue or granulation tissue. Common sites for pannus formation include over
the cornea, over a joint surface, or on a prosthetic heart valve.