The corneal diseases are one of the leading causes of blindness in the world. in most cases, these infections are preventable or treatable.
This seminar provides an overview of the anatomy and physiology of the cornea, as well as an overview of common conditions.
Simple eye education for EHW, Ophthalmic eye student, school eye education & first - second year optometry students only .
common eye lid inflammatory conditions .
stye or hordeolum ( external / internal hordeolum ), lid abscess , chalazion or mebomian retention cyst, accessory lacrimal glands , lacrimal gland etc...
This slide contains information regarding blepharitis, chalazion and stye. This can be helpful for proficiency level and bachelor level nursing students.
BLEPHARITIS BY RAIN HEALTH CARE
RAIN HEALTH CARE
http://www.rainhealthcare.ml/
BLEPHARITIS BY INDRAJIT BISWAS
causes of blepharitis
complications of blepharitis,
home remedies for blepharitis,
indrajit biswas,
rain health care,
sign of blepharitis, symptoms of blepharitis,
treatment of blepharitis,
what is blepharitis
Simple eye education for EHW, Ophthalmic eye student, school eye education & first - second year optometry students only .
common eye lid inflammatory conditions .
stye or hordeolum ( external / internal hordeolum ), lid abscess , chalazion or mebomian retention cyst, accessory lacrimal glands , lacrimal gland etc...
This slide contains information regarding blepharitis, chalazion and stye. This can be helpful for proficiency level and bachelor level nursing students.
BLEPHARITIS BY RAIN HEALTH CARE
RAIN HEALTH CARE
http://www.rainhealthcare.ml/
BLEPHARITIS BY INDRAJIT BISWAS
causes of blepharitis
complications of blepharitis,
home remedies for blepharitis,
indrajit biswas,
rain health care,
sign of blepharitis, symptoms of blepharitis,
treatment of blepharitis,
what is blepharitis
complete information about the refractive errors due to the problem in the acomodation of eye lense , disturbed image formation in the retina, contains -types of disease condition .
complete information about the retinal detachment , types, , symptoms , sign, etiology, causes, diagnosis, complications, medical management, nursing management, home care, patient teaching. nursing reserch.
complete information about the refractive errors due to the problem in the acomodation of eye lense , disturbed image formation in the retina, contains -types of disease condition .
complete information about the retinal detachment , types, , symptoms , sign, etiology, causes, diagnosis, complications, medical management, nursing management, home care, patient teaching. nursing reserch.
Good to know, since we are likely to get cataract sooner or later.
Take care of your precious eyes before cataract starts to form.
Watch this power point presentation.
Trachoma History :-
Trachoma was previously known as Egyptian ophthalmia and endemic in the Middle East since prehistoric times.
Name comes from Greek word for ROUGH.
Other name :- Granular conjunctivitis, blinding trachoma, Egyptian ophthalmia
Trachoma is the most common infectious cause of blindness in the world Due to recurrent ocular infection with Chlamydia trachomatis.
Trachoma is the leading cause of preventable irreversible blindness in the world.
Repeat infection with this organism leads to conjunctival inflammation and scarring, trichiasis, and ultimately blinding corneal opacification
Epidemiology:-The World Health Organization (WHO) reports trachoma is endemic to more than 50 countries, with most blinding trachoma in Africa.
Worldwide, an estimated 2.2 million people are visually impaired as a result of trachoma, of whom 1.2 million are blind.
India has become free from Trachoma-with an overall prevalence found to be only 0.7% in the National Trachoma Survey Report (2014-17).
Presentation made from the Kanski,Wills eye manual,Harper,And Oxford handbook of ophthalmology.You dont need to read these books for VIRAL CONJUNCTIVITIS after reading this this presentation.
This presentation describes all clinical aspects of infectious corneal ulcers
You can watch the illustrated presentation in this link :
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=okWDPG3C34g&list=PLZ_mM13I_TrhwqZuGjB6M9Z3n7MntrURd
Factory Supply Best Quality Pmk Oil CAS 28578–16–7 PMK Powder in Stockrebeccabio
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micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
4. introduction
The corneal diseases are one of the leading causes of
blindness in the world. in most cases, these infections
are preventable or treatable.
This seminar provides an overview of the anatomy and
physiology of the cornea, as well as an overview of
common conditions.
5.
6. Anatomy
The cornea is a highly specialised structure which
possesses the following vital functions:
a clear refractive interface,
tensile strength,
and protection of the intraocular contents from
the external environment.
It has an elliptical shape with the dimensions 10.6
mm vertically and 11.7 mm horizontally
8. 1 Epithelium :
consisting of five or six layers of epithelial cells,
which are continues with the conjunctival
epithelium. The basement membrane is the
innermost layer of the epithelium .
The epithelium is the only layer of the cornea
that regenerates following trauma.
9. 2 Bowman’s layer:
a thin homogeneous layer which servesas a base
for the epithelial anchoring system. Once
destroyed, this layer is never replaced. Its
absence indicates previous trauma or
ulceration.
10. 3 Stroma:
This comprises 90% of the cornea , and is
composed of parallel connective tissue .
4 Descemet’s membrane:
Athin elastic membrane possessing high tensile
strength and containing proteoglycans and
glycoproteins in addition to collagen.
11. 5 Endothelium:
This comprises a single layer of endothelial
cells, which are metabolically active,
and their primary function is the control
of stromal hydration.
The endothelium elongates when damage.
12. Function of the Cornea
The cornea shields the rest of the eye from dust, germs
and other harmful foreign matter. It also controls and
focuses incoming light but contains no blood vessels
to nurture or protect it against infection.
• Protection.
• Refraction.
• Transmission of light
15. Signs and symptoms
painful red eye with a localised abscess
in the cornea
accompanied by stromal ulceration
should arouse clinical suspicion.
There may be an acute uveitis with
hypopyon.
Photophobia.
21. Symptoms of Fungal Keratitis
Symptoms of fungal keratitis include:
Eye pain and redness
Blurred vision
Sensitivity to light
Excessive tearing or discharge
If you experience any of these symptoms, remove your
contact lenses (if you wear them) and call your eye
doctor right away. Fungal keratitis is a very rare
condition, but if left untreated, it can become serious
and result in vision loss or blindness.
22. Riske factors
Fungal keratitis most commonly occurs in tropical and
sub-tropical regions of the world. In temperate areas
of the world, risk factors for developing fungal
keratitis include:
Recent eye trauma.
Underlying ocular (eye) disease.
Weakened immune system.
Contact lens use.
25. Treatment for Fungal Keratitis
Fungal keratitis must be treated with prescription antifungal
medicine for several months.
Natamycin is a topical ophthalmic antifungal medication that
works well on superficial corneal infections, particularly those
caused by filamentous fungi such as Aspergillus and
Fusariumspecies.
However, corneal infections that are deeper and more severe
usually require treatment with systemic antifungal medication
such as amphotericin B, fluconazole, or voriconazole. Patients
who do not get better after topical and oral antifungal
medications may require surgery, including corneal
transplantation.
26. VIRAL INFECTIONVIRAL INFECTION
Herpes simplex Herpes zoster
The DNA viruses, herpes simplex and herpes zoster,
are the commonest viral infections of the cornea.
27. Herpes simplex
Clinical presentation
Primary infection
usually in children, involving the eyelids and
lips. Corneal involvement is rare. A minor
follicular conjunctivitis may occur.
28. Recurrent infection
1 Acute stage:
a unilateral painful red eye with superficial
ulceration taking the form of club shaped
finger-like processes (dendritic /dendritiform).
Fluorescein stains the epithelial defect and
Rose Bengal identifies dead epithelial cells
along the edge of the defect.
29. 2 Chronic stage:
the disease may progress to ulceration,
scarring, or perforation.
30. Symptoms:
• Red eye.
• Pain.
• Photophobia.
• Epiphora (tearing).
• History of previous episodes.
• May complain of blurred vision.
31. Diagnosis
Assess visual acuity.
Examine lids and conjunctiva for evidence of
inflammation. Involvement here is less common in
secondary infection although conjunctival injection
(red eye) is almost universal. There may be erosions
around the lid margin with the presence of small
vesicles or pustules.
Observe cornea: any opacities or haziness? This may
suggest stromal involvement.
Test corneal sensation this can be reduced in
epithelial disease.
Stain the cornea and look for evidence of ulcers by
staining with fluorescein.
32.
33. Treatment
Antiviral medications including:
acyclovir (the drug of choice )
trifluridine, vidarabine, and idoxuridine.
Steroids in chronic oedema.
keratoplasty for perforations and
scarring.
34. Herpes zoster
The pathological features of herpes
zoster infection of the cornea are
very similar to those described for
chronic.
35. PARASITIC INFECTIONPARASITIC INFECTION
Various parasitic infections are important
causes of ophthalmic diseases worldwide.
Most parasitic infections are spread by
insect vectors or consuming or getting
contact with contaminated water
37. The pathogenic species of Acanthamoeba known to
produce keratitis are the following
1. A castellani
2. A polyphaga
3. A hatchetti
4. A culberstoni
5. A rhysodes
6. A griffina
38. Acanthamoeba keratitis
Acanthamoeba was first established as a case
of human disease in 1973
This vision threatening corneal disease was
first recognized in contact lens wearers.
There was a sharp increase in the
recognition(and perhaps incidence ) of this
disease in the late 1980’s.
First case of Acanthamoeba keratitis from
India was reported in 1987 from Aravind Eye
Hospital, Madurai
39. Clinical signs
are discussed in three stages
1. Early stage / Epithelial defects, epithelial haze
pseudodendrites
2. Late stage / Epithelial defects, stromal infiltrates,
nummular keratitis
3. Advanced stage/ Ring infiltrate, satellite lesions,
stromal abscess
40. Other features
- Severe anterior and posterior uveitis
- Nodular or Diffuse scleritis
- Corneal stromal infiltrates (single,multiple,ring shape)
- Anterior uveitis (transient hypopyon)
- Radial keratoneuritis
- Disciform keratitis
41.
42. Clinical characteristics that help to
distinguish Acanthamoeba keratitis from
other keratitis include the following:
1. Ring infiltrate
2. Elevated epithelial lesion
3. Relative lack of vascularisation even in chronic
and severe cases
43. Treatment
There is no consensus on treatment.
Various regimens are described.
Treatment is required for 6-12 months.
Prolonged medication results in corneal
vascularisation and toxic keratitis.
45. Nursing Diagnosis for Corneal infiction
a. Anxiety related to damage to sensory and lack of
understanding of post-operative care, drug
delivery.
Nursing interventions:
- Assess the degree and duration of visual
impairment
- Orient the patient to the new environment
- Describe the routine perioperative
- Encourage to perform daily living habits when able
- Encourage the participation of the family or the
people who matter in patient care.
46. b. Risk for Injury related to damage vision.
Nursing interventions:
- Help the patient when able to do until a stable
postoperative ambulation
- Orient the patient in the room
- Discuss the need for the use of metal shields or goggles
when necessary
- Do not put pressure on the affected eye trauma
- Use proper procedures when providing eye drugs
47. c. Acute Pain related to trauma, increased IOP,
surgical intervention or administration of
inflammatory eye drops dilator.
Nursing interventions:
- Give the medication to control pain and the IOP as
prescribed
- Give cold compress on demand for blunt trauma
- Reduce lighting levels
- Encourage use of sunglasses in strong light
48. d. Risk for self-care deficit related to damage
vision.
Nursing interventions:
- Give instructions to the patient or the people closest to
the signs and symptoms, complications should be
immediately reported to the doctor.
- Provide verbal and written instructions to patients
and the right means of technique in delivering drugs
- Evaluate the need for assistance after discharge
- Teach patients and families of sight guidance
techniques