This document discusses the management of low birth weight babies. It defines low birth weight as under 2500g and notes that 30% of neonates in India have low birth weight. It describes the higher mortality and morbidity risks for these babies and identifies two types: preterm/small for gestational age and intrauterine growth retardation. The document outlines identification methods, common problems, feeding and care guidelines, supplementation needs, and indicators for referral.
This slides contain description about breast feeding, anatomy of breast, types of human milk, good position for latching, holding for the baby, advantages of breast feeding, contraindication of breast feeding, barriers and problems associated with breast feeding with their management
Every year more than 10 million children die in developing countries due to acute respiratory infections (mostly pneumonia), diarrhea, measles, malaria, or malnutrition - and often to a combination of these illnesses. In 1990s, the WHO, in collaboration with UNICEF and many other agencies, institutions and individuals, responded to this challenge by developing a strategy known as the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMNCI).This strategy adopted in India as Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illness (IMNCI). IMNCI caters to two groups of children
• 0-2 months, referred to as young infants.
• 2 months to 5 years, referred to as children.
The Apgar score is a test given to newborns soon after birth. This test checks a baby's heart rate, muscle tone, and other signs to see if extra medical care or emergency care is needed. The test is usually given twice: once at 1 minute after birth, and again at 5 minutes after birth
Introduction about postnatal care
Define postnatal care
Aims & objectives postnatal care
Important conditions we should enquire in postnatal care
Schedule of postnatal care
Postnatal exercise
Advice given to the mother during discharge postnatal care
Advice regarding family planning and sterilization during puerperium
neonatal hypothermia is a very emergency condition. if we identify this in early stage we can save the life of neonate. all should know about the maintaining the temperature if the neonate is in our home.
This slides contain description about breast feeding, anatomy of breast, types of human milk, good position for latching, holding for the baby, advantages of breast feeding, contraindication of breast feeding, barriers and problems associated with breast feeding with their management
Every year more than 10 million children die in developing countries due to acute respiratory infections (mostly pneumonia), diarrhea, measles, malaria, or malnutrition - and often to a combination of these illnesses. In 1990s, the WHO, in collaboration with UNICEF and many other agencies, institutions and individuals, responded to this challenge by developing a strategy known as the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMNCI).This strategy adopted in India as Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illness (IMNCI). IMNCI caters to two groups of children
• 0-2 months, referred to as young infants.
• 2 months to 5 years, referred to as children.
The Apgar score is a test given to newborns soon after birth. This test checks a baby's heart rate, muscle tone, and other signs to see if extra medical care or emergency care is needed. The test is usually given twice: once at 1 minute after birth, and again at 5 minutes after birth
Introduction about postnatal care
Define postnatal care
Aims & objectives postnatal care
Important conditions we should enquire in postnatal care
Schedule of postnatal care
Postnatal exercise
Advice given to the mother during discharge postnatal care
Advice regarding family planning and sterilization during puerperium
neonatal hypothermia is a very emergency condition. if we identify this in early stage we can save the life of neonate. all should know about the maintaining the temperature if the neonate is in our home.
6. Low birth weight related information LBW (1).pptxJagdishDalvi4
To given education regarding the law.
To give the information about weight.
To reduce the chance of low birth weight
Explain details about the low birth weight
At a population level, the proportion of infants with a low birth weight is an indicator of a multifaceted public health problem that includes long-term maternal malnutrition, ill-health and poor health care in pregnancy.
Low birth weight is included as a primary outcome indicator in the core set of indicators for the Global Nutrition Monitoring Framework. It is also included in the WHO Global reference list of 100 core health indicators. Low birth weight has been defined by WHO as weight at birth of < 2500 grams (5.5 pounds). Low birth weight is caused by intrauterine growth restriction, prematurity or both. It contributes to a range of poor health outcomes; for example, it is closely associated with fetal and neonatal mortality and morbidity, inhibited growth and cognitive development, and NCDs later in life. Low birth weight infants are about 20 times more likely to die than heavier infants.
Low birth weight is more common in developing than developed countries. However, data on low birth weight in developing countries is often limited because a significant portion of deliveries occur in homes or small health facilities, where cases of infants with low birth weight often go unreported. These cases are not reflected in official figures and may lead to a significant underestimation of the prevalence of low birth weight.
Approach to cardiac murmurs and cardiac examination in childrenVarsha Shah
Cardiovascular examination in children for MBBS undergraduate, Residents, Trainees, pediatricians, GP, family physicians, nursing , dental, allied health students
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
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ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
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Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
2. Low birth weight (LBW)
Definition : Birth weight
<2500 g
Incidence : 30% of neonates
in India
3. LBW: Significance
75% neonatal deaths and 50% infant
deaths occur among LBW infants
LBW babies are more prone to:
Malnutrition
Recurrent infections
Neuro developmental delay
LBW babies have higher mortality and morbidity
4. Types of LBW
2 types based on the origin
Small-for-date (SFD) /
Preterm
intra uterine growth
retardation (IUGR)
< 37 completed < 10th centile for
weeks of gestation gestational age
Account for 1/3rd of Account for 2/3rd of
LBW LBW neonates
13. LBW: Identification of types
SFD / IUGR
Intrauterine growth chart
Physical characteristics
Emaciated look
Loose folds of skin
Lack of subcutaneous tissue
Head bigger than chest by >3cm
14. Intrauterine growth chart
4400
4000 90th percentile
LARGE FOR DATE
3600
Birth weight (grams)
3200
APPROPRIATE FOR DATE
2800
2400
10th percentile
2000
1600 SMALL FOR DATE
1200
800 PRETERM TERM POST-TERM
400
31 33 35 37 39 42 44 45
Gestation (weeks)
18. LBW: Issues in delivery
Transfer mother to a well-equipped
centre before delivery
Skilled person needed for effective
resuscitation
Prevention of hypothermia - topmost
priority
19. LBW: Indications for
hospitalization
Birth weight <1800 g
Gestation <34 wks
Unable to feed*
Sick neonate*
* Irrespective of birth weight and gestation
24. LBW: Fluids and feeding
Weight <1200 g; Gestation <30 wks*
Start initial intravenous fluids
Introduce gavage feeds once stable
Shift to katori-spoon feeds over next few
days. Later on breast feeds
* May try gavage feeds, if not sick
25. LBW: Fluids and feeding
Weight 1200-1800 g; Gestation 30-34 wks*
Start initial gavage feeds
Katori-spoon feeding after 1-3 days
Shift to breast feeds as soon as baby is
able to suck
* May need intravenous fluids, if sick
26. LBW: Fluids and feeding
Weight >1800 g; Gestation > 34 wks*
Breast feeding
Katori-spoon feeding, if sucking not
satisfactory on breast
Shift to breast feeds as soon as possible
27. LBW: Feeding schedule
Begin at 60 to 80ml/kg/day
Increase by 15ml/kg/day
Maximum of 180-200ml/kg/day
First feed at 2 hrs of age then every 2
hourly
30. Guidelines for fluid requirements
First day 60-80 ml/kg/day
Daily increment 15 ml/kg till day 7
Add extra 20-30 ml/kg for infants under
radiant warmer and 15 ml/kg for those
receiving phototherapy
31. Fluid requirements (ml/kg)
Birth Weight
Day of life
>1500 g 1000 – 1500g
1 60 80
2 75 95
3 90 110
4 105 125
5 120 140
6 135 155
7 onwards 150 170
32. LBW: Adequacy of nutrition
Weight pattern*
Loses 1 to 2% weight every day initially
Cumulative weight loss 10%; more in preterm
Regains birth weight by 10-14 days
Then gains weight up to 1 to 1.5% of birth
weight daily
Excessive loss or inadequate weight
Cold stress, anemia, poor intake, sepsis
* SFD - LBW term baby does not lose weight
33. LBW: Supplements
Vitamins : IM Vit K 1.0 mg at birth
Vit A* 1000 I.U. per day
Vit D* 400 I.U. per day
Iron : Oral 2 mg/kg per day from
8 weeks of age
*From 2 weeks of age
34. Danger signals (Early detection
and referral)
Lethargy, refusal to feed
Hypothermia
Tachypnea, grunt, gasping, apnea
Seizures, vacant stare
Abdominal distension
Bleeding, icterus over palms/soles
35. Transportation of LBW baby
Adequate warmth
Life support
With mother
Referral note
36. Prognosis
Mortality
Inversely related to birth weight and gestation
Directly related to severity of complications
Long term
Depends on birth weight, gestation and
severity of complications