Ophtalmia Neonatorum A
•Download as PPT, PDF•
7 likes•3,687 views
1. The document discusses different types of eye infections including periorbital cellulitis, neonatal conjunctivitis, and dacryocystitis. 2. It examines the causes, clinical symptoms, and associated findings of each condition. 3. For the patient in question, the doctor determines it is unlikely to be periorbital cellulitis based on the mild swelling and prominent discharge without signs of upper respiratory infection or trauma.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Ophthalmia Neonatorum/ Neonatal Conjunctivitis
Ophthalmology
-Neonatal conjunctivitis is the bilateral inflammation of the conjunctiva in an infant less than 30 days old.It is a preventable disease occurring as a result of carelessness at the time of birth .
📌Contents:
- Definition
- Etiology
- Clinical features
- Prophylaxis
- Investigations
- Treatment
Ophthalmia neonatrum
Ophthalmia neonatorum is inflammation of the conjunctiva in newborns, usually caused by bacterial infection acquired during birth. Before modern treatment, it affected 10-15% of newborns and was a major cause of blindness. While silver nitrate drops reduced chemical conjunctivitis, gonorrhea and chlamydia remain common causes. Symptoms include eye redness and discharge. Prompt treatment with topical and systemic antibiotics can cure most cases and prevent complications like corneal scarring and blindness. Proper prenatal care and treatment of maternal infections helps reduce risk.
Conjunctivitis
Conjunctivitis is an inflammation or swelling of the conjunctiva. Often called "pink eye," conjunctivitis is a common eye disease, especially in children. It may affect one or both eyes.
Blepharitis, chalazion, stye
This slide contains information regarding blepharitis, chalazion and stye. This can be helpful for proficiency level and bachelor level nursing students.
Ophthalmology for meical students
Ophthalmia neonatorum, or conjunctivitis in newborns, is most commonly caused by Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae acquired during vaginal birth. It remains an important cause of preventable blindness if left untreated. Prophylaxis with erythromycin or silver nitrate drops after birth can significantly reduce the risk of infection. Complications include corneal ulceration and perforation if not properly treated with antibiotics. Maternal screening and treatment of STDs is the most effective strategy for prevention.
Neonatal convulsion
Neonatal convulsions have an incidence of 2-14 per 1000 live births. They can be caused by excessive neuronal excitation due to imbalances in excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters or ion channel dysfunction. The main seizure types seen in neonates are subtle, tonic, clonic, myoclonic, and spasms. Diagnosis involves a detailed history, examination, laboratory and imaging studies, and EEG. Common etiologies are hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, intracranial hemorrhage, infections, and metabolic disorders. Treatment focuses on controlling seizures with anticonvulsants like phenobarbital and treating the underlying cause. Prognosis depends on the etiology,
Trachoma
Trachoma is a chronic eye disease caused by Chlamydia trachomatis infection. It is a major cause of preventable blindness worldwide. The infection is transmitted through contact with infected eye or nasal secretions or flies. Recurrent infections during childhood can lead to scarring of the conjunctiva and inwards turning of the eyelashes (trichiasis) in adulthood, causing corneal opacification and blindness. The WHO-led SAFE strategy (surgery, antibiotics, facial cleanliness, and environmental improvement) aims to eliminate trachoma as a public health problem by 2020.
Uveitis
This presentation gives a brief notes about Uveal tract inflammation and its treatment in this first part presentation.
Recommended
Ophthalmia Neonatorum/ Neonatal Conjunctivitis
Ophthalmology
-Neonatal conjunctivitis is the bilateral inflammation of the conjunctiva in an infant less than 30 days old.It is a preventable disease occurring as a result of carelessness at the time of birth .
📌Contents:
- Definition
- Etiology
- Clinical features
- Prophylaxis
- Investigations
- Treatment
Ophthalmia neonatrum
Ophthalmia neonatorum is inflammation of the conjunctiva in newborns, usually caused by bacterial infection acquired during birth. Before modern treatment, it affected 10-15% of newborns and was a major cause of blindness. While silver nitrate drops reduced chemical conjunctivitis, gonorrhea and chlamydia remain common causes. Symptoms include eye redness and discharge. Prompt treatment with topical and systemic antibiotics can cure most cases and prevent complications like corneal scarring and blindness. Proper prenatal care and treatment of maternal infections helps reduce risk.
Conjunctivitis
Conjunctivitis is an inflammation or swelling of the conjunctiva. Often called "pink eye," conjunctivitis is a common eye disease, especially in children. It may affect one or both eyes.
Blepharitis, chalazion, stye
This slide contains information regarding blepharitis, chalazion and stye. This can be helpful for proficiency level and bachelor level nursing students.
Ophthalmology for meical students
Ophthalmia neonatorum, or conjunctivitis in newborns, is most commonly caused by Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae acquired during vaginal birth. It remains an important cause of preventable blindness if left untreated. Prophylaxis with erythromycin or silver nitrate drops after birth can significantly reduce the risk of infection. Complications include corneal ulceration and perforation if not properly treated with antibiotics. Maternal screening and treatment of STDs is the most effective strategy for prevention.
Neonatal convulsion
Neonatal convulsions have an incidence of 2-14 per 1000 live births. They can be caused by excessive neuronal excitation due to imbalances in excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters or ion channel dysfunction. The main seizure types seen in neonates are subtle, tonic, clonic, myoclonic, and spasms. Diagnosis involves a detailed history, examination, laboratory and imaging studies, and EEG. Common etiologies are hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, intracranial hemorrhage, infections, and metabolic disorders. Treatment focuses on controlling seizures with anticonvulsants like phenobarbital and treating the underlying cause. Prognosis depends on the etiology,
Trachoma
Trachoma is a chronic eye disease caused by Chlamydia trachomatis infection. It is a major cause of preventable blindness worldwide. The infection is transmitted through contact with infected eye or nasal secretions or flies. Recurrent infections during childhood can lead to scarring of the conjunctiva and inwards turning of the eyelashes (trichiasis) in adulthood, causing corneal opacification and blindness. The WHO-led SAFE strategy (surgery, antibiotics, facial cleanliness, and environmental improvement) aims to eliminate trachoma as a public health problem by 2020.
Uveitis
This presentation gives a brief notes about Uveal tract inflammation and its treatment in this first part presentation.
Keratitis
This document provides an overview of infectious keratitis. Keratitis is an infection of the cornea that is usually caused by contact lens use or trauma. Bacterial keratitis is the most common type and can progress rapidly, threatening vision. Diagnosis involves fluorescein staining and corneal scrapings for analysis. Treatment involves topical antibiotics like fluoroquinolones every hour along with cycloplegics for pain. Other types include fungal, viral like herpes simplex, and rare parasitic infections like acanthamoeba. Early diagnosis and aggressive treatment are important to prevent vision loss and perforation of the cornea.
Neonatal convulsion....assignt
Neonatal seizures are common life-threatening emergencies in newborns that can be caused by cerebral or biochemical abnormalities. Common causes include hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, hypocalcemia, hypoglycemia, meningitis, and polycythemia. Seizures can be subtle, generalized tonic, multifocal clonic, focal clonic, or myoclonic. Management involves identifying the underlying cause, administering anticonvulsant drugs like phenobarbital, monitoring electrolytes and glucose levels, and occasionally surgery for intractable seizures or anatomical lesions.
Orbital cellulitis
Orbital cellulitis is an infection behind the orbital septum that can spread from adjacent sinuses or bloodstream. It is classified by Chandler into 5 groups based on location and severity. Group 1 is preseptal cellulitis anterior to the septum. Group 2 is orbital cellulitis within the orbit. Group 3 is a subperiosteal abscess between the bone and periosteum. Group 4 is an orbital abscess within orbital contents. Group 5 is cavernous sinus thrombosis spreading bilaterally. Symptoms include eyelid swelling, pain, and vision issues. Imaging helps locate the infection and guide treatment which involves intravenous antibiotics, analgesics, and sometimes surgery.
Blepharitis
Blepharitis is a common eye condition characterized by inflamed, scaly, red eyelids. It is caused by bacteria, dandruff, or other skin conditions. There are different types of blepharitis that affect the front or back of the eyelids. Symptoms include gritty or burning eyes, excessive tearing, and eyelid crusting. While blepharitis itself is not sight-threatening, it can lead to permanent eyelid changes if left untreated. Treatment focuses on keeping eyelids clean through warm compresses and scrubbing, with antibiotics or steroids possibly prescribed depending on the underlying cause.
Neonatal jaundice
This document discusses jaundice in newborns. It defines jaundice as a yellowing of the skin caused by high bilirubin levels. Jaundice is common in newborns and usually resolves on its own, but sometimes requires treatment. The document covers physiological vs pathological jaundice, clinical assessment of jaundice, risk factors, potential complications like kernicterus, treatment options like phototherapy and exchange transfusion.
Diagnosis and management of pediatric conjunctivitis
This document discusses conjunctivitis (pink eye) in children. It begins by outlining the most common causes of conjunctivitis which vary by age. For neonates, the main causes are chemical irritation or infections like gonorrhea or chlamydia. For older infants and toddlers, the most common cause is bacterial infection. In school-aged children and adolescents, conjunctivitis is usually viral or allergic in origin. The document then provides details on evaluating, diagnosing, and treating conjunctivitis based on suspected cause and age of the child. Topics covered include distinguishing bacterial from viral conjunctivitis, common bacterial pathogens, adenoviral conjunctivitis, and treatment with
Chalazion
Introduction to Chalazion, characteristics, risk factors, marginal chalazion, general pathology, pathogensis, course(fate) of chalazion, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, home treatment, over-the-counter treatmnent, surgery, complications, prevention ..
Ophthalmology OSCE
This document contains notes from an ophthalmology OSCE revision covering various eye conditions and treatments. It discusses dermatochalasis and entropion treatment, styes and chalazion differential diagnosis and treatments, ptosis grades and treatments, dacryocystitis management, conjunctivitis causes and treatments, pterygium and pinguecula, hyphema management, and removing a corneal foreign body. The notes provide concise descriptions of common eye issues with their presentations, differential diagnoses, and treatment plans.
Secondary glaucoma
This document discusses various types of secondary glaucoma caused by underlying ocular diseases and conditions. It describes the mechanisms of increased intraocular pressure, clinical features, and treatment approaches for different forms of secondary glaucoma including lens-induced glaucoma, inflammatory glaucoma, pigmentary glaucoma, neovascular glaucoma, and steroid-induced glaucoma among others. Management involves treating the underlying condition causing secondary glaucoma as well as lowering intraocular pressure through medical, laser, or surgical means.
Pterygium and its management
This document discusses pterygium, a non-cancerous growth of fleshy tissue on the eye. It begins by defining pterygium and describing its characteristics and causes. It then discusses risk factors like UV exposure, prevalence based on age, sex and geography. Clinical presentation and staging is explained. Histopathology and recurrence are also covered. Treatment involves surgery like conjunctival autografting along with preventative measures and adjuvants to reduce recurrence. Complications and outcomes of different techniques are compared.
Ectropion and Entropion (Ophthalmology) - Etiology, Management
Entropion is inward rolling of the eyelid and has congenital, cicatricial, senile, and mechanical types. Treatment depends on the type but includes procedures like anterior lamellar resection, tarsal wedge resection, and composite grafts.
Ectropion is outward rolling of the eyelid and has congenital, involutional, paralytic, mechanical, and cicatricial types. Treatment also depends on the type and may involve procedures like medial conjunctivoplasty, horizontal lid shortening, full thickness skin grafts, or temporary taping for paralytic ectropion.
This document discusses entropion and ectropion of the eyelids by defining the
Investigation and management of senile cataract
This document discusses the investigation and management of senile cataract. It outlines the preoperative evaluation including medical history, ocular examination, visual function tests, slit lamp examination, and systemic investigation. Preoperative complications are also discussed. Surgical management options for cataract extraction are presented including types of surgery. Postoperative care and potential complications are summarized. Low vision management strategies for cataract patients are also provided.
Stye or hordeolum
Simple eye education for EHW, Ophthalmic eye student, school eye education & first - second year optometry students only .
common eye lid inflammatory conditions .
stye or hordeolum ( external / internal hordeolum ), lid abscess , chalazion or mebomian retention cyst, accessory lacrimal glands , lacrimal gland etc...
Pediatric cataract
This document provides information on pediatric cataracts, including:
- The types of pediatric cataracts including congenital, developmental, and traumatic cataracts.
- The morphology and classification of different types of pediatric cataracts such as punctate, zonular, nuclear, and anterior capsular cataracts.
- The management of pediatric cataracts including timing of surgery, surgical techniques, and options for aphakic correction including spectacles, contact lenses, and intraocular lenses. Management aims to prevent amblyopia and achieve good long-term vision outcomes.
Uveitis
Uveitis refers to inflammation of the uvea, which is the middle layer of the eye that includes the iris, ciliary body, and choroid. Uveitis can be classified based on the location of inflammation as anterior, intermediate, posterior, or panuveitis. Common causes include infection, autoimmune disorders, and malignancy. Symptoms include eye redness, pain, blurred vision, and sensitivity to light. Diagnosis involves examination with a slit lamp and tests to identify underlying causes. Treatment focuses on managing inflammation with corticosteroids and treating any underlying condition. Complications can include cataracts, glaucoma, cystoid macular edema, hypotony, and retinal detachment if uve
Eyelid infections ppt
1. The document discusses various eyelid infections, tumors, and deformities. It defines eyelid infections as any abnormal condition affecting the eyelids and describes common infections like blepharitis, hordeolum, and chalazion.
2. The document also covers different types of eyelid tumors, separating them into benign tumors like nevus, hemangioma, and papilloma, and malignant tumors like squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma.
3. Eyelid deformities discussed include entropion, ectropion, trichiasis, and ptosis. Causes, signs, and treatments are provided for each condition.
Trachoma
Trachoma is a chronic keratoconjunctivitis caused by Chlamydia trachomatis infection. It presents with follicles on the conjunctiva and pannus and opacity of the cornea. Without treatment, it can lead to trichiasis, entropion, and corneal scarring and blindness. Diagnosis is usually clinical based on signs. Treatment involves topical and oral antibiotics. The WHO's SAFE strategy aims to control trachoma through improved facial hygiene, environmental changes, annual antibiotic treatment of communities, and surgery for trichiasis.
Fungal corneal ulcer
This document discusses fungal corneal ulcers. It begins by describing the signs and symptoms of fungal ulcers, including pain, redness, defective vision, lid edema, and corneal opacity staining with fluorescein. Diagnosis involves smears, cultures and microscopy to identify causative fungi. Common fungi include Fusarium, Aspergillus, and Candida. Treatment involves topical natamycin or voriconazole drops. Prognosis includes potential complications like scar formation, astigmatism, perforation and fistula formation. Close monitoring is needed due to the difficulty treating fungal infections.
Corneal ulcer(bactrial,fungal) 25.02.16, dr.k.n.jha
A corneal ulcer is a loss of corneal epithelium with inflammation caused by bacterial or fungal infection that can lead to blindness if not treated properly. Common causes include infections from Staphylococcus or Pseudomonas bacteria. Treatment involves topical antibiotics like fortified cephazolin or tobramycin drops every few hours to control the infection along with cycloplegic drops for pain relief and prevention of complications like perforation or secondary glaucoma.
Febrile Convulsion - Seizures.pptx
this is a complete discussion and an approach to a child with febrile seizure / convulsion.
It contains:-
Case scenario
Causes of Seizures in the setting of fever
Definition of Febrile Seizure
Age of Occurrence
Types of Febrile Convulsions
Risks of Recurrent Febrile Seizures
Risk For Developing Epilepsy After Febrile Seizures
Workup for Febrile Seizure
Red Flags in Febrile Seizures
Treatment
Prognosis
Approach to a patient with vesicobullous disorder
This document provides an approach to evaluating patients presenting with vesicobullous disorders. It begins by defining vesicles and bullae and then discusses the history, examination, and investigations for vesicobullous disorders in neonates, children, and adults. Key points covered include distinguishing features of various disorders based on onset, progression, distribution of lesions, associated symptoms, histopathology and immunological findings. The document provides a comprehensive overview of evaluating patients across different age groups presenting with this group of skin conditions.
ENT disorders.pptx
This document provides information on otitis media and croup. It discusses the classification, etiology, pathophysiology, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and nursing management of otitis media. It defines otitis media as a middle ear infection that is commonly seen in young children. It also discusses croup, defining it as an inflammation of the larynx and trachea caused by viruses that results in airway obstruction. It provides details on the causes, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, assessment scale and medical management of croup.
More Related Content
What's hot
Keratitis
This document provides an overview of infectious keratitis. Keratitis is an infection of the cornea that is usually caused by contact lens use or trauma. Bacterial keratitis is the most common type and can progress rapidly, threatening vision. Diagnosis involves fluorescein staining and corneal scrapings for analysis. Treatment involves topical antibiotics like fluoroquinolones every hour along with cycloplegics for pain. Other types include fungal, viral like herpes simplex, and rare parasitic infections like acanthamoeba. Early diagnosis and aggressive treatment are important to prevent vision loss and perforation of the cornea.
Neonatal convulsion....assignt
Neonatal seizures are common life-threatening emergencies in newborns that can be caused by cerebral or biochemical abnormalities. Common causes include hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, hypocalcemia, hypoglycemia, meningitis, and polycythemia. Seizures can be subtle, generalized tonic, multifocal clonic, focal clonic, or myoclonic. Management involves identifying the underlying cause, administering anticonvulsant drugs like phenobarbital, monitoring electrolytes and glucose levels, and occasionally surgery for intractable seizures or anatomical lesions.
Orbital cellulitis
Orbital cellulitis is an infection behind the orbital septum that can spread from adjacent sinuses or bloodstream. It is classified by Chandler into 5 groups based on location and severity. Group 1 is preseptal cellulitis anterior to the septum. Group 2 is orbital cellulitis within the orbit. Group 3 is a subperiosteal abscess between the bone and periosteum. Group 4 is an orbital abscess within orbital contents. Group 5 is cavernous sinus thrombosis spreading bilaterally. Symptoms include eyelid swelling, pain, and vision issues. Imaging helps locate the infection and guide treatment which involves intravenous antibiotics, analgesics, and sometimes surgery.
Blepharitis
Blepharitis is a common eye condition characterized by inflamed, scaly, red eyelids. It is caused by bacteria, dandruff, or other skin conditions. There are different types of blepharitis that affect the front or back of the eyelids. Symptoms include gritty or burning eyes, excessive tearing, and eyelid crusting. While blepharitis itself is not sight-threatening, it can lead to permanent eyelid changes if left untreated. Treatment focuses on keeping eyelids clean through warm compresses and scrubbing, with antibiotics or steroids possibly prescribed depending on the underlying cause.
Neonatal jaundice
This document discusses jaundice in newborns. It defines jaundice as a yellowing of the skin caused by high bilirubin levels. Jaundice is common in newborns and usually resolves on its own, but sometimes requires treatment. The document covers physiological vs pathological jaundice, clinical assessment of jaundice, risk factors, potential complications like kernicterus, treatment options like phototherapy and exchange transfusion.
Diagnosis and management of pediatric conjunctivitis
This document discusses conjunctivitis (pink eye) in children. It begins by outlining the most common causes of conjunctivitis which vary by age. For neonates, the main causes are chemical irritation or infections like gonorrhea or chlamydia. For older infants and toddlers, the most common cause is bacterial infection. In school-aged children and adolescents, conjunctivitis is usually viral or allergic in origin. The document then provides details on evaluating, diagnosing, and treating conjunctivitis based on suspected cause and age of the child. Topics covered include distinguishing bacterial from viral conjunctivitis, common bacterial pathogens, adenoviral conjunctivitis, and treatment with
Chalazion
Introduction to Chalazion, characteristics, risk factors, marginal chalazion, general pathology, pathogensis, course(fate) of chalazion, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, home treatment, over-the-counter treatmnent, surgery, complications, prevention ..
Ophthalmology OSCE
This document contains notes from an ophthalmology OSCE revision covering various eye conditions and treatments. It discusses dermatochalasis and entropion treatment, styes and chalazion differential diagnosis and treatments, ptosis grades and treatments, dacryocystitis management, conjunctivitis causes and treatments, pterygium and pinguecula, hyphema management, and removing a corneal foreign body. The notes provide concise descriptions of common eye issues with their presentations, differential diagnoses, and treatment plans.
Secondary glaucoma
This document discusses various types of secondary glaucoma caused by underlying ocular diseases and conditions. It describes the mechanisms of increased intraocular pressure, clinical features, and treatment approaches for different forms of secondary glaucoma including lens-induced glaucoma, inflammatory glaucoma, pigmentary glaucoma, neovascular glaucoma, and steroid-induced glaucoma among others. Management involves treating the underlying condition causing secondary glaucoma as well as lowering intraocular pressure through medical, laser, or surgical means.
Pterygium and its management
This document discusses pterygium, a non-cancerous growth of fleshy tissue on the eye. It begins by defining pterygium and describing its characteristics and causes. It then discusses risk factors like UV exposure, prevalence based on age, sex and geography. Clinical presentation and staging is explained. Histopathology and recurrence are also covered. Treatment involves surgery like conjunctival autografting along with preventative measures and adjuvants to reduce recurrence. Complications and outcomes of different techniques are compared.
Ectropion and Entropion (Ophthalmology) - Etiology, Management
Entropion is inward rolling of the eyelid and has congenital, cicatricial, senile, and mechanical types. Treatment depends on the type but includes procedures like anterior lamellar resection, tarsal wedge resection, and composite grafts.
Ectropion is outward rolling of the eyelid and has congenital, involutional, paralytic, mechanical, and cicatricial types. Treatment also depends on the type and may involve procedures like medial conjunctivoplasty, horizontal lid shortening, full thickness skin grafts, or temporary taping for paralytic ectropion.
This document discusses entropion and ectropion of the eyelids by defining the
Investigation and management of senile cataract
This document discusses the investigation and management of senile cataract. It outlines the preoperative evaluation including medical history, ocular examination, visual function tests, slit lamp examination, and systemic investigation. Preoperative complications are also discussed. Surgical management options for cataract extraction are presented including types of surgery. Postoperative care and potential complications are summarized. Low vision management strategies for cataract patients are also provided.
Stye or hordeolum
Simple eye education for EHW, Ophthalmic eye student, school eye education & first - second year optometry students only .
common eye lid inflammatory conditions .
stye or hordeolum ( external / internal hordeolum ), lid abscess , chalazion or mebomian retention cyst, accessory lacrimal glands , lacrimal gland etc...
Pediatric cataract
This document provides information on pediatric cataracts, including:
- The types of pediatric cataracts including congenital, developmental, and traumatic cataracts.
- The morphology and classification of different types of pediatric cataracts such as punctate, zonular, nuclear, and anterior capsular cataracts.
- The management of pediatric cataracts including timing of surgery, surgical techniques, and options for aphakic correction including spectacles, contact lenses, and intraocular lenses. Management aims to prevent amblyopia and achieve good long-term vision outcomes.
Uveitis
Uveitis refers to inflammation of the uvea, which is the middle layer of the eye that includes the iris, ciliary body, and choroid. Uveitis can be classified based on the location of inflammation as anterior, intermediate, posterior, or panuveitis. Common causes include infection, autoimmune disorders, and malignancy. Symptoms include eye redness, pain, blurred vision, and sensitivity to light. Diagnosis involves examination with a slit lamp and tests to identify underlying causes. Treatment focuses on managing inflammation with corticosteroids and treating any underlying condition. Complications can include cataracts, glaucoma, cystoid macular edema, hypotony, and retinal detachment if uve
Eyelid infections ppt
1. The document discusses various eyelid infections, tumors, and deformities. It defines eyelid infections as any abnormal condition affecting the eyelids and describes common infections like blepharitis, hordeolum, and chalazion.
2. The document also covers different types of eyelid tumors, separating them into benign tumors like nevus, hemangioma, and papilloma, and malignant tumors like squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma.
3. Eyelid deformities discussed include entropion, ectropion, trichiasis, and ptosis. Causes, signs, and treatments are provided for each condition.
Trachoma
Trachoma is a chronic keratoconjunctivitis caused by Chlamydia trachomatis infection. It presents with follicles on the conjunctiva and pannus and opacity of the cornea. Without treatment, it can lead to trichiasis, entropion, and corneal scarring and blindness. Diagnosis is usually clinical based on signs. Treatment involves topical and oral antibiotics. The WHO's SAFE strategy aims to control trachoma through improved facial hygiene, environmental changes, annual antibiotic treatment of communities, and surgery for trichiasis.
Fungal corneal ulcer
This document discusses fungal corneal ulcers. It begins by describing the signs and symptoms of fungal ulcers, including pain, redness, defective vision, lid edema, and corneal opacity staining with fluorescein. Diagnosis involves smears, cultures and microscopy to identify causative fungi. Common fungi include Fusarium, Aspergillus, and Candida. Treatment involves topical natamycin or voriconazole drops. Prognosis includes potential complications like scar formation, astigmatism, perforation and fistula formation. Close monitoring is needed due to the difficulty treating fungal infections.
Corneal ulcer(bactrial,fungal) 25.02.16, dr.k.n.jha
A corneal ulcer is a loss of corneal epithelium with inflammation caused by bacterial or fungal infection that can lead to blindness if not treated properly. Common causes include infections from Staphylococcus or Pseudomonas bacteria. Treatment involves topical antibiotics like fortified cephazolin or tobramycin drops every few hours to control the infection along with cycloplegic drops for pain relief and prevention of complications like perforation or secondary glaucoma.
Febrile Convulsion - Seizures.pptx
this is a complete discussion and an approach to a child with febrile seizure / convulsion.
It contains:-
Case scenario
Causes of Seizures in the setting of fever
Definition of Febrile Seizure
Age of Occurrence
Types of Febrile Convulsions
Risks of Recurrent Febrile Seizures
Risk For Developing Epilepsy After Febrile Seizures
Workup for Febrile Seizure
Red Flags in Febrile Seizures
Treatment
Prognosis
What's hot (20)
Diagnosis and management of pediatric conjunctivitis
Diagnosis and management of pediatric conjunctivitis
Ectropion and Entropion (Ophthalmology) - Etiology, Management
Ectropion and Entropion (Ophthalmology) - Etiology, Management
Corneal ulcer(bactrial,fungal) 25.02.16, dr.k.n.jha
Corneal ulcer(bactrial,fungal) 25.02.16, dr.k.n.jha
Similar to Ophtalmia Neonatorum A
Approach to a patient with vesicobullous disorder
This document provides an approach to evaluating patients presenting with vesicobullous disorders. It begins by defining vesicles and bullae and then discusses the history, examination, and investigations for vesicobullous disorders in neonates, children, and adults. Key points covered include distinguishing features of various disorders based on onset, progression, distribution of lesions, associated symptoms, histopathology and immunological findings. The document provides a comprehensive overview of evaluating patients across different age groups presenting with this group of skin conditions.
ENT disorders.pptx
This document provides information on otitis media and croup. It discusses the classification, etiology, pathophysiology, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and nursing management of otitis media. It defines otitis media as a middle ear infection that is commonly seen in young children. It also discusses croup, defining it as an inflammation of the larynx and trachea caused by viruses that results in airway obstruction. It provides details on the causes, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, assessment scale and medical management of croup.
NR 602 / NR602 MIDTERM EXAM 2022 – 100% CORRECT AND VERIFIED
Chalazion is a non-painful, chronic swelling of the eyelid caused by blocked meibomian glands. It initially causes mild eyelid erythema and swelling that later forms a round, non-pigmented mass. Treatment includes warm compresses, incision and drainage by an ophthalmologist if not resolved, and corticosteroid injections for large or recurrent lesions. Recurrence is common.
Fungal & Viral Infections Of The Oral Cavity, FUNGAL INFECTIONS, VIRAL INFEC...
A summary of important fungal and viral infections in the oral cavity, includind signs and symptoms, diagnosis, management
Pediatric autoimmune uveitis.pptx
Pediatric uveitis can be caused by autoimmune or autoinflammatory disorders. The most common type seen in children is chronic anterior uveitis, unlike adults where it is less common. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)-associated anterior uveitis is the most frequent cause of uveitis in children. It is typically bilateral and non-granulomatous with a chronic relapsing course. Idiopathic intermediate uveitis (pars planitis) commonly affects children and adolescents and has a low association with systemic diseases. Behcet's disease onset is most common in late childhood, with bilateral recurrent panuveitis and retinal vasculitis seen clinically.
Viral keratitis: Diagnosis and management
Types of viral keratitis, diagnosis of different types and management of each. Clinical evaluation with images described. Standard treatment protocols given.
Audiological Finding in High-Risk Child (Meningitis)
This document presents a case study on the audiological findings of a high-risk child with a history of meningitis. Key points include:
- The child had normal speech development before meningitis but experienced delayed speech and language development after the infection.
- Audiological assessment found normal outer/middle ear function but hearing loss ranging from mild to severe based on pure-tone audiometry. Electrophysiological tests also showed abnormal results.
- Meningitis can cause hearing loss through infection spreading to the inner ear and damaging hair cells and auditory nerves. Prompt treatment is important to prevent permanent hearing loss.
- The child received rehabilitation including hearing aids, speech therapy, and continued monitoring
case discussion on interappointment flare ups
This document discusses a case of interappointment flare up in an 18-year-old female patient. It summarizes the patient's history, clinical examination findings, diagnosis of pulp necrosis with symptomatic apical periodontitis in tooth #11, and proposed root canal treatment. The discussion section then covers potential predisposing factors for flare ups like pre-existing periapical pathology, hyperocclusion, vital vs. nonvital pulps, challenges in retreatment cases, issues with working length determination and obturation. It emphasizes the importance for clinicians to understand flare up etiologies and prevention strategies.
Kawasaki disesae review (Ho-Chang Kuo, MD)郭和昌醫師
This document summarizes a review article on Kawasaki disease published in The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. The review discusses Kawasaki disease as an acute multisystem vasculitic syndrome of unknown etiology that primarily affects young children. While an infectious agent is suspected, no single cause has been identified. The review examines evidence for infectious and immune-mediated etiologies. It also summarizes clinical features and complications of the disease, and discusses the role of infection, immunity, and genetics in the pathogenesis of this condition.
Conjunctivitis
This document defines and describes various types of conjunctivitis, including infective bacterial conjunctivitis caused by organisms like Staphylococcus aureus and transmitted through flies or poor hygiene. Viral conjunctivitis is common and often caused by adenovirus. Ophthalmia neonatorum describes bilateral inflammation in infants less than 30 days old which can be caused by gonorrhea, chlamydia, or chemicals. Allergic conjunctivitis includes seasonal forms related to airborne allergens. Granulomatous conjunctivitis involves proliferative lesions possibly from tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, or leprosy. Cicatricial conjunctivitis can arise from conditions like
Viral infections of oral cavity - Dr. Abhishek Solanki
This document discusses various viral infections including herpes simplex virus, varicella, herpes zoster, infectious mononucleosis, cytomegalovirus, enteroviruses, rubeola, rubella, mumps, and human immunodeficiency virus. It provides details on the causative viruses, clinical manifestations, histopathological features, diagnosis and treatment of each infection. Complications are also mentioned for some viruses. Classification systems for HIV infected patients based on CD4 count and clinical categories are summarized.
Orbital Inflammations.pptx
This document discusses orbital cellulitis and its causes, signs, symptoms, investigations, differential diagnosis, treatment and complications. Some key points:
- Orbital cellulitis is an infection of the soft tissues of the eyelids and orbit. It is usually caused by Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus bacteria spreading from nearby infections.
- Symptoms include eyelid swelling, pain, redness and fever. Proptosis and vision issues may occur if the infection spreads to the orbit.
- Diagnosis involves examination, blood tests and imaging like CT scans. Broad-spectrum antibiotics are the primary treatment. Surgery may be needed to drain abscesses. Complications can include vision loss, ca
Upper respiratory infections in children
Upper respiratory infections are very common in children and are usually caused by viruses. The most frequent types are the common cold, acute pharyngitis (sore throat), sinusitis, and ear infections. Cough associated with an upper respiratory infection can last 1-3 weeks on average and 10% of children may still be coughing after 4 weeks. Recurrent infections are also common in children due to their developing immune systems. Accurate diagnosis of conditions like sinusitis and ear infections can be challenging but is important for guiding appropriate treatment.
Tonsilītu diferenciāldiagnoze
This document provides information to help differentiate between various causes of tonsillitis. It discusses infectious mononucleosis, tuberculosis, diphtheria, scarlet fever, Plaut-Vincent angina, herpangina, influenza, acute pharyngitis, and other viral respiratory infections as potential causes. For each condition, it outlines the causative organism, symptoms, and sometimes images to illustrate clinical presentations. References are provided at the end.
Pediatric Sinusitis
Pediatric rhinosinusitis can cause complications if left untreated. It may be acute, recurrent, subacute or chronic depending on duration of symptoms. Common causes include viral URIs leading to obstruction and stagnation of secretions. Complications can include orbital cellulitis or abscesses as well as intracranial infections. Treatment involves antibiotics and surgery may be needed for refractory or complicated cases.
Adenoids and adenoidectomy
This document provides information on the adenoid and adenoidectomy. It discusses the development, function, and pathological effects of the adenoid. It also covers assessment, medical and surgical management of the adenoid, including different techniques for adenoidectomy. Complications of adenoidectomy like bleeding, dental trauma, retained swabs, and infection are also summarized.
Physical examination of the head and-neck
This document provides guidance on performing a physical examination of the head. It describes how to inspect features of the face, head, eyes, ears, nose, mouth, teeth and tongue. Specific conditions that could present physical findings in these areas are also outlined, such as thyroid disorders causing changes to facial appearance, infections leading to oral lesions, and neurological disorders impacting structures innervated by cranial nerves. The examination involves observing for asymmetries, masses or other abnormalities, as well as evaluating responses like pupillary light reflexes.
Zika Virus and the Eye
Zika virus infection in infants can cause ocular abnormalities. This case series examined the eyes of 29 Brazilian infants with microcephaly presumed to be caused by congenital Zika virus infection. Ocular examinations found abnormalities in 17 eyes of 10 infants, most commonly chorioretinal lesions near the macula or optic disc. Examples of lesions included pigmentary mottling, atrophic scars, and enlarged cup-to-disc ratios. The retinal findings were similar to those seen in other congenital viral infections like West Nile virus. Further research is needed to confirm Zika virus as the cause using serological testing, and ophthalmologists should be aware of the potential for ocular involvement in congenital
10. URTIs.pptx
This document discusses the management of upper respiratory tract infections including sinusitis, otitis media and pharyngitis. For sinusitis, general measures include steam inhalation, analgesics and nasal irrigation. Antibiotics such as amoxicillin are recommended if there are signs of bacterial infection. For otitis media, antibiotics like amoxicillin are used to treat acute infections while chronic infections may require ear irrigation. Glue ear or otitis media with effusion can be managed with antihistamines, decongestants and myringotomy if effusion persists. Viral pharyngitis usually requires supportive care only, while group A streptococcal infections should be treated with a full
Similar to Ophtalmia Neonatorum A (20)
NR 602 / NR602 MIDTERM EXAM 2022 – 100% CORRECT AND VERIFIED
NR 602 / NR602 MIDTERM EXAM 2022 – 100% CORRECT AND VERIFIED
Fungal & Viral Infections Of The Oral Cavity, FUNGAL INFECTIONS, VIRAL INFEC...
Fungal & Viral Infections Of The Oral Cavity, FUNGAL INFECTIONS, VIRAL INFEC...
Audiological Finding in High-Risk Child (Meningitis)
Audiological Finding in High-Risk Child (Meningitis)
Viral infections of oral cavity - Dr. Abhishek Solanki
Viral infections of oral cavity - Dr. Abhishek Solanki
Ophtalmia Neonatorum A
- 1. . Department of Family Medicine (Paediatrics) NATIONAL HOSPITAL ABUJA. May,2009 Dr Fagboungbe Bisoye. F
- 13. Causes Clinical symptoms Associated findings Neonatal conjunctivitis Maternal infection Discharge, conjunctivitis Maternal STD Neonatal dacryocystitis Obstruction of lacrimal system Epiphora, tenderness at epicanthal region Nasal diseases Periorbital cellulitis Local spread Marked eyelid edema URI
- 20. PROPHYLAXIS. Red Book: 2006 Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases. 27th ed.
Editor's Notes
- Specimens — Newborns suspected of chlamydial infection should have both conjunctival and nasopharyngeal samples taken. Conjunctival specimens for chlamydia testing should be obtained from the everted eyelid using an aluminum shafted dacron-tipped swab or a swab specified by the manufacturer's test kit [28]. The specimens must include conjunctival epithelial cells because C. trachomatis is an obligate intracellular organism. Exudates are not adequate for testing. Other swabs, such as wood shafts or tips with calcium alginate are not recommended as they inhibit the growth of the organism.