ONR Innovation Newsletter

Vol. 5 | June 2010 www.onr.navy.mil/innovate
CONTENTS
Director of Fishing for Great Ideas? To Be a Truly Innovative
Organization You Need More Than a Net! ............2
INNOVATION Social Technologies: Connecting Government and
Citizens for Open Innovation ................................5
Innovation Beyond Imagination Gaming for Innovation: An Open Source Approach
to Generating Insight ...........................................8

Volume 5 | June 2010 Open Innovation: A General Utilitarian View and
Speciﬁc Lessons Learned ..................................10
The Innovation Imperative .................................13
Ofﬁce of Naval Research Marks 50th Anniversary
of Laser Technology ...........................................14
NWDC: Navy’s Concept Generation and Concept
Development (CGCD) Program ...........................15
Innovating to Protect Our Future........................17
Upcoming Events ...............................................18
Director’s Corner ...............................................19
Social Media Presence ......................................19

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www.onr.navy.mil/innovate
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nr n y l / n t Vo 5 | June 2010
Vol. June 201
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Vol. 5 | June 2010

FISHING FOR GREAT IDEAS? TO BE A TRULY INNOVATIVE
ORGANIZATION YOU NEED MORE THAN A NET!
Neal Thornberry, Ph.D. – Innovation Chair, Graduate School of Business, NPS
Nicholas Dew Ph.D. – Associate Professor, Graduate School of Business, NPS
Deborah Gibbons, Ph.D. – Associate Professor, Graduate School of Business, NPS

The Navy, like most other large organizations often stacked against them. While there is still
today is increasing the drumbeat for innovation. no prescriptive code for innovation like there is
Innovation is not only a top priority for the for Lean Six Sigma, certain trends and enablers
current Chief of Naval Operations, a recent are starting to emerge as common across some
IBM survey places it as a top priority for the of the winners.
majority of fortune 500 CEOs. The reasons are
1. A tool not a destination: One of the
both obvious and compelling. Companies in
biggest mistakes that organizations make in
the private sector are facing escalating costs,
pursuing innovation is that they see and talk
unpredictable economic environments, and
about innovation as a destination, not a tool
technology that is increasing at the speed
for accomplishing something. We often ask
of light. Just when a company thinks it has
our clients what they want more innovation
invented the best mouse trap someone comes
to do for them. What is the desired effect?
around the corner with a better one. Our
It’s amazing to us how many CEO’s and top
military is also facing a turbulent geopolitical
level leaders struggle with the answer to
landscape, huge pressures on cost reduction,
this question. Do you want better products
and an enemy that is exceedingly clever and
and services, or creative cost cutting ideas,
often uses very low-tech weaponry.
or an organization that is much more nimble
All of us who have tried to introduce and then and agile, thus being able to react to a
implement something different understand competitive threat or a hostile act? Failing
that innovation is an easy word to say but to specify the tool’s use often leads to
a hard thing to do. In fact, many large and vague and undifferentiated understanding
established organizations are often innovation of the concept and a lot of uncoordinated
killers despite their best intentions. Suffocating initiatives. Innovation winners are clear
bureaucracy, risk aversion, control systems out about the tool’s purpose and, thus, know
of control, the “not invented here” syndrome, how to structure things around the tool to
slavish cost cutting, and idea censorship are a make its use both effective and efficient.
few of the causative factors for the failure of Intel, for example, is in the chip business
many innovative initiatives. and while they innovate in the chip space,
the real use of the tool is to work with
But some large organizations – including
partners and electronics manufacturers to
military ones – have succeeded in inducing
create products that use more of their chips.
greater innovation despite the odds that are

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2. A clearly articulated strategy: If you experimentation – they tend to be more
understand what you are using the tool for creative and better able to innovate.
then you have already begun to develop an
articulated innovation strategy. Successful Serendipity involves the discovery of
innovators have spent more than a few something valuable when you aren’t
hours trying to articulate exactly what looking for it, and it tends to occur around
they want from innovation and then coffee pots and other places where people
create structures, processes, values, and run into each other and chat. These brief
incentives so that the innovation strategy discussions can spark creative ideas either
actually gets implemented. The United by triggering new solutions to problems
States Coast Guard (CG), for example, has or by triggering new ways of seeing a
an innovation strategy and an “Innovation process or a problem. Organizations that
Council” staffed with Commander and empower people to share and build on
Captain level personnel who have shown each other’s unconventional ideas provide
an entrepreneurial orientation. Then an environment where creative serendipity
they tell the commanders of these folks can be funneled into actionable plans.
that Innovation Council members are 4. Entrepreneurship: Innovation’s lesser
required to spend 60-70% of their time known sibling: Entrepreneurship often
pursuing entrepreneurial opportunities involves innovation but innovation does not
within the CG. Higher ups in the chain always involve entrepreneurship. Simply
of command step in personally if the defined, entrepreneurship is the mindset
entrepreneur’s direct superior tells and skillset that transforms an innovative
them to “get back to work and forget idea into an opportunity to create value. In
about all this innovation nonsense.” the private sector, value is easily understood
as “economic” value. In government, it is
The Navy has just stood up its own
often defined as social value (e.g., less gang
innovation council called the Innovation
violence) and in the military, such value
Council of Captains (ICOC) for the explicit
can be defined in a number of ways, such
purpose of aiding new concept generation
as superior communications, faster time
and development for battlefield superiority.
to a field hospital for wounded soldiers, or
Without a strategy, an organization is very Mine Resistant Ambush Protected vehicles
much on the road that Alice in Wonderland to the theater faster (due to an innovation
took when she reached a fork in the road in the acquisition process) that decrease
and encountered the Cheshire cat. When injuries and fatalities and allow more
she asked the cat for directions as to which effective operations to be conducted.
path to take he asked where she was
headed. She responded that she did not The winners in innovation seem to
know as she was lost. “Then either road will understand that great ideas are not
do,” he replied. That is sage advice for any the same as great opportunities. Real
organization trying to be more innovative. opportunities are rare and “like bees to
If you don’t know your destination honey, they draw people and money.”
then any path is as good as another. Successful entrepreneurs are often
successful because they have the desire
3. Allowing serendipity and fostering and discipline to find out if their innovative
creativity: People who do the same thing idea is also an opportunity. They will often
and talk with the same people about the reshape and transform their initial idea
same topics day after day tend to become until its starts to look, smell, and feel like
stale in their thinking. In contrast, people an opportunity. Idea generation is the
who interact within a broader and more fun part but determining whether an
diverse community, who feel safe sharing idea is actually an opportunity is where
new ideas, and whose organizational the fun stops and the hard work begins.
culture encourages brainstorming and IBM, IDG, and other innovation winners

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www.onr.navy.mil/innovate Vol. 5 | June 2010

know that innovation must be enabled by way beyond their own capabilities.
entrepreneurial processes or ideas remain
Today, P&G’s motto is “proudly
just that – ideas. IBM for example has a very
not invented here.”
well developed sifting and vetting process
for taking the thousands of ideas that they The idea of “proudly not invented here” is at
generate in their worldwide innovation jam the heart of the Open Innovation movement
and narrowing them down to a few that which has not only paid off handsomely for
represent high potential opportunities. companies in the private sector but also
for governmental organizations as well.
One approach, as experienced
Both NASA and the CIA have used open
entrepreneurs well know, is to keep the cost
innovation to help debug and enhance
of developing new ideas into opportunities
some of their internally developed software
very affordable. One example is IDG which
which they give away free as long as the
funds a lot of their internal entrepreneurs
users help them with both debugging
with small amounts of seed capital to see
and enhancement. But as we said at the
if an idea has opportunity characteristics.
beginning of this article, it takes more
They follow the motto “pay a little, learn a
than a wide net to be truly innovative. 
lot.” IDG books gave John Kilcullen, one of
their new young entrepreneurially oriented
managers, $1.5 million in seed capital to see
if his crazy idea about Books for Dummies
had any traction. Most at IDG were against
the idea, but that very small amount of seed
money turned into a billion dollar franchise.
5. Not invented here: Proctor and Gamble
(P&G) is arguably one of America’s most
innovative companies. From Iams pet foods
to the Swiffer mop, they keep coming up
with great new products. But in the 1980’s
they started to lose their innovative edge.
Sales were flat and no new $100 million
products were coming out of their research
and development (R&D) folks. They did
as you would expect and went through a
heavy press on cost cutting and while this
helped their profit margins, it did nothing
for their inventiveness. They then did
something that we often recommend to our
clients and that is, a postmortem of their
innovative winners and losers. For P&G
this lead to a dramatic realization that they
were so focused on making little changes in
their current brands that they had become
increasingly internally focused, thus missing
external trends and opportunities that
they could leverage for greater growth.
Ready to step up your
When P&G finally woke up, they realized
fishing game?
that relying on themselves and their
own internal R&D staff had cut them off
from a world of ideas and partners who
could help accelerate their innovation

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SOCIAL TECHNOLOGIES: CONNECTING GOVERNMENT
AND CITIZENS FOR OPEN INNOVATION
John Ohab, Ph.D. – New Technology Strategist, OMNITEC Solutions Inc., in support of
Defense Media Activity

The Library of Congress Providing enormous datasets a critical role in engaging the
recently added to its collection for the public is only one part new and diverse audiences
a digital archive of every tweet of President Obama’s nuanced needed to translate raw
posted on Twitter since the plan to establish a more government data into
service launched in March transparent, participatory, and meaningful applications.
2006. That’s a lot of data, collaborative government. Already, blogs, wikis, social
and with tens of millions of Data.gov, one of the ﬂagship networks, and other social
new tweets every day, the websites of the Open technologies function as
collection isn’t getting any Government Initiative, has enablers for OI across the
smaller. Skeptics may question already provided the public government. This paper
the value of having the with access to over 250,000 explores the important role
government catalog billions government datasets. To of social technologies in three
of inane comments about last maximize the value of this key areas: crowdsourcing,
night’s Desperate Housewives data, the government will intra-government
or the latest Justin Beiber rely on web and mobile collaboration, and citizen
song; but researchers may developers to create a wide science.
view this as an opportunity variety of applications,
to examine the socio-political mashups, and analytical Crowdsourcing
contexts of the 21st century’s tools. In the past year,
trendiest technology. For Data.gov has returned The federal government
now, the debate about applications ranging from has traditionally sparked
how the information will visualizations of national innovation from external
be used is trumped by obesity trends to ﬂight audiences through grants and
what this move represents: scheduling tools to the contracts. However, emerging
another acknowledgment distribution of hazardous social technologies are now
by the federal government waste facilities. The enabling governments to
that information is more government will need distribute problems to a
valuable when it is available to continue to inspire diverse array of solvers in
and accessible, free to be citizen participation and the public, driving innovation
reworked, repackaged, build incentives for more from unexpected sources.
mashed up, analyzed, and widespread use of this data. The General Services
processed through the Open Administration (GSA) deployed
Social technologies will play a government-wide public
Innovation (OI) mill.

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dialog tool, IdeaScale, to examples of how the federal Department of Homeland
provide citizens with a forum government is embracing the Security initiative. VirtualUSA
to share, discuss, and vote notion that the best ideas integrates existing frameworks
on ideas for agency Open don’t always come from and technologies, rather than
Government Plans. The Better within. inventing new ones, so federal,
Buy Project, an experimental state, local, and tribal first-
collaboration effort sponsored Collaboration responders can communicate
by GSA, employs a similar in real-time regardless of
crowdsourcing tool, UserVoice, Government agencies are platform or software. Notably,
to generate public dialog for often criticized for not VirtualUSA uses open-source
ways to improve the federal communicating efficiently, software and is user-driven,
procurement and contracting but advances in social accepting contributions from
process. The Better Buy technologies have enhanced anyone with information
Project is unique in that the the speed, scope, and about water and power lines,
top ideas are imported to a reliability of information traffic, weather, and other
public wiki, where visitors can sharing. Starting with critical assets.
contribute market research the launch of Intelink, a
continually evolving suite Immersive environments
and define requirements.
of collaborative tools for are also proving to be an
Importantly, social
the intelligence community, effective mechanism for cross-
technologies like IdeaScale,
several agencies have followed government collaboration.
UserVoice, and others, provide
suit with their own Wikipedia- Several federal agencies
real-time feedback that can
like services, including the are joining forces to launch
be harnessed for rapid idea
DoDTechipedia, the State the vGov virtual worlds’
generation and organization.
Department’s Diplopedia, project, which will provide
Prizes and challenges have and the FBI’s Bureaupedia. a government-wide secure
also become an increasingly More recently, the Office virtual world environment
popular mechanism to of the Director of National that can support meetings,
inspire creative ideas from Intelligence’s A-Space and training, and networking
the public. The U.S. Army NASA’s Spacebook have areas. Government
and the U.S. Department of provided a Facebook-like employees, appearing as
Agriculture recently held their social networking platform for their favorite avatar, will have
first application development large-scale collaboration and access to Voice over Internet
challenges, “Apps for the information sharing. In the Protocol, instant messaging,
Army” and “Apps for Healthy fall, GSA will take things one video conferencing, and other
Kids,” respectively, which offer step further with FedSpace, a collaborative tools.
cash prizes for innovative secure collaboration service
mobile or web applications. that is intended to connect Citizen Science
NASA’s Pathfinder Innovation all federal government
Contest challenged the Government agencies are
employees under one Web 2.0
public to develop their own increasingly looking to the
umbrella.
casual games that could public to observe, record, and
be used by NASA in future Emergency management contribute data to scientific
crowdsourcing projects. The stakeholders are experiencing research. Known as “citizen
Environmental Protection first-hand the benefits science,” this growing field
Agency holds numerous of “many-to-many” enables individuals with or
video contests on YouTube communication. During without scientific training
to encourage students and the Gulf Coast oil spill, for to take part in research that
others to develop public example, emergency response ranges from water chemistry
service announcements for officials shared geospatial data testing to wildlife monitoring
environmental stewardship. and coordinated responses to distributed computing.
These are just a few through VirtualUSA, a Many of these citizen science

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projects combine large-scale enabled smartphone to make General George S. Patton once
human observations with geo-tagged observations said, “If everyone is thinking
emerging social technologies, and take photos of invasive alike, someone isn’t thinking.”
providing a mechanism to test plant species in parks. Once As technology continues
innovative ways of gathering invasive plants are identified, to infuse virtually every
and analyzing scientific data. relevant information is placed aspect of society, the federal
on publically accessible government will increasingly
The U.S. Geological Survey
map to alert Park Rangers. rely on these innovative
recently launched its Twitter
NASA, a stalwart in the field thinkers – from both internal
Earthquake Detector, a
of citizen science, recently and external audiences –
program investigating
partnered with Microsoft for to develop solutions that
how social technologies
the “Be a Martian” project, make the government more
can be used to gather and
which enables web users efficient and effective.
provide information about
to assist astrophysicists in Whether virtual worlds,
earthquakes. The system
developing comprehensive social networks, or public
gathers real-time, earthquake-
maps of the Martian feedback, social technologies
related tweets from people
landscape. The project provide a new conduit to
who have experienced a
represents an innovative connect innovators with the
seismic event, and applies
fusion of cloud computing, information, resources, and
place, time, and keyword
scientific collaboration, and stakeholders necessary to
filtering to rapidly deliver
crowdsourcing, as well as translate ideas into meaningful
earthquake products and
principles of social gaming applications. 
hazard information.
– participants are rewarded
The National Science game points for counting
Foundation (NSF)-funded craters and assisting in various
project, “What’s Invasive?” research tasks.
invites anyone with a GPS-

Social Technologies: An Online Laboratory for Experimentation

Dr. Ohab collected the logos from several social media websites and embedded them into the periodic
table to illustrate the use of social media technologies as an online laboratory for scientists.

7


GAMING FOR INNOVATION: AN OPEN SOURCE
APPROACH TO GENERATING INSIGHT
Garth Jensen – Director of Innovation, NSWC Carderock Division
Melody Cook – Innovation Analyst, Analytic Services, Inc. and ONR Office of Innovation
k

By now, most people recognize emergence of online gaming of scale achieved by Massive
online scenario-based games as an open source platform for Multiplayer Online Games,
as a realistic, convenient, insight generation, i.e., “Gaming industry has been utilizing the
and affordable way to give for Innovation.” Today in the gaming platform for quite some
our service members an Navy, activities like innovation time. From alternative reality
opportunity for training prior gathering, brainstorming, and scenario based games
to a real mission. The Army, in strategic planning, wargaming like Institute for the Future’s
particular, has demonstrated and concept generation still (IFTFs) “World without Oil,”
its faith in the gaming typically take place around a to more text based games
environment, and actively uses table, in a room populated by like IBM’s “Innovation Jams,”
games like America’s Army, experts who are drawn from a there is no question amongst
Full Spectrum Warrior, and largely static pool. The resultant the companies orchestrating
others to provide an effective intellectual content is injected these events that gaming is
training experience. The Army into a standard Microsoft Office truly a revitalized approach
has spent millions investing document, and this becomes to harvesting the insights
in new gaming technologies, the final deliverable. While the from collective intelligence.
with scenarios that In World without Oil,
replicate real-world players were asked to
environments, “One thing a person cannot do, no matter how imagine what their lives
all while being rigorous his analysis or heroic his imagination, would be like in a world
packaged in a is to draw up a list of things that would never deprived of petroleum.
mobile platform This serious game
that allows training occur to him.” resulted in participants
to happen anywhere – Thomas Schelling contributing over
and anytime. To see 1,500 personal blog
the DoD-wide acceptance of traditional methods still provide entries, videos, voicemails
gaming as a means of training, value, we wanted to explore and images; tapping into the
one need only spend a day ways that would revitalize collective imagination of over
strolling the aisles at I/ITSEC: these activities while creating 2,000 active players in a small
a joint industry, academic, opportunities to expand the window of time. In a different
and inter-service event, and participant pool and harness setting, IBM’s Innovation
billed as “the World’s Largest the breadth and depth of Jam brought together more
Modeling, Simulation and knowledge that is inherent in all than 150,000 IBMers as well
Training Conference,” which has of our naval service members as thought leaders from
held a number of serious games and civilians. This article is academia, government, and
showcases and challenges in intended to give you insight other corporations to produce
recent years. into what has inspired us to more than 37,000 fresh ideas.
explore this path and where we The outcome of this extra large
Departing from the training
are headed. brainstorming session was an
paradigm, the Office of Naval
innovative and open approach
Research, is exploring the Acknowledging the benefits

8


to mining for new business peoples’ imaginations we envision turning the
opportunities. IBM leadership in ways that traditional training paradigm on its head
incentivized their participant methods simply can’t. to accomplish something even
pool with over $100 million more powerful for the Navy and
in follow-on funding for the • By massively scaling up Marine Corps. The game based
strongest ideas. the size and diversity of training paradigm assumes that
the participant pool, they the game sponsor possesses
More recently and closer enable the emergence a finite and specific body of
to home, is a game called of outlying thoughts, knowledge that the player
“Signtific.” Sponsored by the which may be statistically does not possess. The sponsor
Director Defense Research insignificant but turn out to transmits this knowledge by
and Engineering (DDR&E), and be strategically relevant. means of a scripted, largely
developed by the IFTF, Signtific
deterministic game. In this
is a massive multiplayer • Being played model, the trainer is the sole
forecasting game that uses collectively, they offer proprietor of intellectual
immersive alternate reality an unprecedented capital.
techniques to generate vivid opportunity to drive more
stories and social predictions. “knowledge accidents,” In contrast, we envision using
The Signtific Platform is those novel intersections serious games in situations
designed to engage the and complex interactions where the game sponsor is
global scientific community in of ideas which would not struggling with a truly difficult
anticipating the most important occur and which we would challenge, does not have all
innovations and disruptions not be able to predict by the answers, and needs to
in science and technology using traditional methods. transcend his usual ways of
– and understanding their knowing. In this situation,
implications for the future of • Because they exist online, the intellectual capital is
society at large. It stands at and can even persist and now supplied by the broader
the leading edge of several evolve over time, they community “out there,” but it
trends that promise to reshape increase the range of exists in the form of unrealized
the practice of science in possible scenarios that potential. By structuring the
the coming years. Via the can be explored, resulting problem in the form of a less
same open-source approach in a greater tolerance for deterministic, less scripted
discussed above, DDR&E and iterations and excursions game, and opening it up to
IFTF collect, aggregate, and from the base case. a large pool of interested
process individual signals about participants, serious gaming
potential scientific innovations, • Finally, online games offer provides a forum by which
and turn them into forecasts the ability to do all of this the broader community can
and larger scale narrative remotely, thereby radically engage with the problem, and
threads. reducing the overhead the mechanism by which this
costs and other “barriers previously unrealized potential
Games are emerging as an to entry” traditionally can now emerge to become
object of serious consideration associated with conducting true insight.
for a number of reasons: a large scale, scenario
based collaborative event. With this in mind, the range
• Because they are
of potential uses for serious
scenario based, and
While training has, until now, gaming, then, becomes limited
involve some form of
been the most common only by the user’s imagination,
perceived competition,
application of serious games, but some obvious ones include:
they tend to engage

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• Introducing a game it may offer one of our best Naval Postgraduate School and
changing technology to hopes for arriving at “the next the Institute for the Future. It
a community of users; big thing”. seeks to integrate elements
from Massive Multiplayer
• Ironing out the interface Ultimately, we see on the
Online Games, Alternate Reality
between Concept of horizon an era of ubiquitous
Games, large-n text based
Operations and technology; gaming: gaming as learning,
collaborative events, geospatial
gaming as planning, gaming as
mapping tools, and Web 2.0
• Inhabiting alternative an integral part of our everyday
collaborative tools, and extend
futures for strategic work. In the not too distant
them to scenarios of interest
planning; future, the average person,
to Navy and Marine Corps.
faced with a hard problem and
Ultimately, we recognize that
• Red teaming; the need for insight, will be
there are untapped ideas in
able to author a game, put it
• Technology forecasting; the minds of our service men
out to a large pool of players,
and women, regardless of rank,
and generate insights as easily
• Rapid prototyping; age, skills, and organizational
as he creates a PowerPoint
background, and we are
presentation or a YouTube
• Wicked problems; determined to use gaming as
video today.
a means of accessing this body
• Regulatory and policy ONR is exploring this emergent of knowledge. It is imperative
development. technology by sponsoring a that we put our heads together
pilot demonstration, known collectively to think about and
In this context, the use of simply as the Massively prepare for the Navy of the
serious games to generate Multiplayer Online Wargame future. MMOWGLI is scheduled
insight can be viewed as one Leveraging the Internet to go live in the Spring of 2011,
more mechanism for open (MMOWGLI) (pronounced just so stay tuned and when that
source innovation. And while like the character from The time comes around we hope
serious gaming itself may not Jungle Book). MMOWGLI is you’ll join us in gaming for
constitute “the next big thing” a joint venture between the innovation. 

OPEN INNOVATION: A GENERAL UTILITARIAN
VIEW AND SPECIFIC LESSONS LEARNED
Jason Stack, Ph.D. – ONR Program Officer, Ocean Battlespace Sensing

The mission of the Department goals will be innovations in misunderstood, and often
of Defense (DoD) is business processes not in misrepresented, these
fundamentally different from technology. These process three buzzwords embody
that of industry; however, innovations must contain some foundational concepts that are
how DoD achieves its mission
w level of “openness” due to the required for innovating better,
is the same – better, faster, global nature of business and faster, and cheaper in today’s
and cheaper. In DoD terms, the exponential growth rate of environment. Unfortunately,
this translates to delivering information. The question then the majority of published
improved warfighting becomes “what should this material in DoD espousing
capabilities with increased open innovation entail?” these activities focuses on
transition speed at reduced compliance with DoD mandates
Successful open innovation
total ownership cost. There is rather than providing any
requires three activities: open
a growing consensus within substantive guidance on what
business, open architecture,
industry and academia that the these activities actually entail
and rapid technology
most significant innovations or best business practices for
insertion. While overused,
contributing to these general how they may be effectively

10


employed. Therefore, the was a strategic
following discussion illustrates selection of
these three activities and membership TECHNOLOGY
INSERTION
highlights their critical emphasizing
components; these activities those with actual
and their components are stewardship over
integral to open innovation the processes.
regardless of problem domain, In general, a CoI OPEN OPEN
hardware vs. software, or must effectively BUSINESS ARCHITECTURE
business sector. Finally, balance the needs
examples of lessons learned are of the community
provided from the naval mine against
warfare (MIW) community. compliance with
While not a large or glamorous higher-level DoD
warfare area, MIW’s agile, and industry
well-defined, and cohesive standards. It
community has afforded it must constantly
the opportunity to prototype revisit and ensure
and successfully implement a membership as the contributing factors
wide array of open business, breadth when prioritizing the includes size, unit cost, number
open architecture, and rapid next set of data products to of potential developers, and
technology insertion initiatives. be standardized. Web-based pace of technology evolution
collaboration tools such as and obsolescence. Translated
The goal of open business is to
Wiki’s, SharePoint, and Defense to the Program Manager,
maximize the viable performer
Connect Online may be used to the challenge is to balance
base by broadly leveraging
host information and facilitate sufficient openness (thereby
relevant technologies and
collaboration. For MIW, this promoting innovation and
expertise from other sectors.
has resulted in academics from affordability) against too much
The three critical components
operations research (with parsing of the system, which
are education, common
no prior MIW experience) can lead to program cost
standards, and separating the
being rapidly and affordably increase and unattractiveness
functions of integrator and
educated in the relevant MIW to potential developers. An
developer. A powerful approach
processes and subsequently approach for testing open
for enabling education and
developing specialized, state- architecture used in many
common standards is the
of-the-art approaches in sectors including MIW is to
Community of Interest (CoI).
task decomposition, asset enlist an independent third-
This approach was employed by
allocation, and scheduling party agent (ideally one
the MIW CoI, which first met in
software. with no prior knowledge of
May 2006 and was chartered
in April 2008. It pulled together The goal of open architecture the system or its modules).
experts from across the is to minimize the cost This agent serves as a
Naval Research Enterprise to and effort associated with surrogate system integrator
author and publish domain- technology upgrades and by integrating a previously
specific data models (e.g., insertion. Its three components unseen module into the system
mine-like contacts, plans, are modularity, standard while tracking metrics such as
and environments), a sensor interfaces, and component hours of support interaction
format data specification (e.g., reuse. The challenge for with the developers, minor
imaging sonars), and developer achieving modularity within system tweaks, major system
guidance (e.g., search theory, software begins with ensuring modifications, and total
algorithm descriptions, and separation of application, integration effort. Within MIW,
evaluation techniques). A key data, and presentation layers. use of this test has resulted in
factor enabling this substantial The challenge for hardware an early, clear, and affordable
progress in such a short time is often more complicated means to confirm and debunk

11


claims of open architecture data, formats, and interfaces. demonstrating compliance
and provide feedback for The challenge with DR/IP with high-level mandates
architecture improvements in management is that this area is and generating reams of
multiple systems. Further, it has fraught with misconception and documentation. In fact, there
proven to be an exceptionally misinformation. It is a common are many communities in DoD
powerful tool in uncovering yet incorrect statement demonstrating progress in
problems in business strategy, that government should open innovation and sharing
contracting language, and data “always strive for at least their lessons learned. However,
rights. government-purpose rights.” there are substantial barriers
To support open innovation to open innovation; the two
The goal of rapid technology
the government should always most significant are DoD’s
insertion is to minimize the
strive for the most appropriate information assurance (IA)
distance between the worlds
data rights – this implies the posture and the widget-centric
of development, prototype,
government does not always (vice capability-centric) budget
and production. Its critical
have free rein over everything it structure. Within the Navy, the
components include test beds,
uses but rather leverages other budget issue must be addressed
exit criteria, and management
technologies as appropriate. by increasing coordination
of data rights and intellectual
One approach within MIW between the warfighter,
property (DR/IP). Test beds
concerns the need to use acquisition, requirements, and
are a cornerstone of open
sonar to look for things in the science and technology. For
innovation, and when properly
ocean. This need is shared example, the Navy has revised
designed they are a core
by other industries including the Concept Generation and
enabler of making technology
petrochemical, archeology, Concept Development process
insertion rapid. The challenge
geology, salvage, fisheries, etc. in an effort to streamline
in making a test bed effective
Therefore, some systems are ideas into concepts and then
licensed with restricted data
d from concepts, into actual
“The goal of open business is to rights and no government- capabilities via a Navy-wide
maximize the viable performer owned IP; some are jointly coordinated and collaborative
developed with government- process. As an example of
base by broadly leveraging purpose data rights and mixed working within IA constraints,
relevant technologies and IP ownership; and some the MIW CoI is teaming with
expertise from other sectors.” (truly unique to DoD) are fully the Anti-Submarine Warfare
developed and wholly owned CoI and the Naval Postgraduate
by the government. The result School to explore web-based
is to give potential developers
within MIW has been to force collaboration, educational
(not only the integrator) the
an overt and upfront strategy approaches, and processes
ability to insert their own
to address these issues leading for rapid technology insertion.
modules, continuous access
to cost savings and avoidance Finally, the ONR Office of
to the results and effects, and
of non-trivial issues in system Innovation is pursuing ways to
the encouragement to test
architecture, contracting, harness input from technology
early and often. The challenge
ownership, and future users by hosting a Technology
in increasing the speed of
strategies for competitive Innovation Game and a Massive
transition is to make the test-
procurement. Multiplayer Online Wargame
bed as similar as possible to the
in 2011. These are just a few
actual systems employed by In summary, enabling open
Navy efforts that are currently
the end user. This is essential innovation requires the
underway to maximize open
in preventing developers government to foster several
business opportunities,
from building their own ad components within the
minimize the costs and
hoc test-beds and thereby activities of open business,
efforts associated with open
guessing and fabricating the open architecture, and rapid
architecture, and rapidly inject
nuisances associated with technology insertion. This
new technologies into the
user processes, available effort goes far beyond simply
hands of the warfighter. 

12


THE INNOVATION IMPERATIVE
Brian Clark – Strategy Branch Head, Navy Warfare Integration (N00X)
k
The last 100 years of naval with these drives. Only when Command and N00X are
operations have seen the new MP3 player utilized coordinating an Innovation
enormous change and these smaller hard drives did Council of Captains (ICoC)
innovation. At sea, sail gave way the combination of technology where technologists, concept
to steam, then nuclear power, and operational concept result developers, resource sponsors
and now hybrid-electric drive. in innovation. and operators will gather
Battleships went from capital monthly to review innovation
The Navy has faced similar
ships to supporting platforms, efforts and identify where new
situations. The advent of
while aircraft carriers became opportunities for improvement
nuclear power in the 1940s
the centerpiece of naval power exist.
didn’t mean much until Hyman
projection. A fleet of 140 ships
Rickover worked to combine The ICoC will review concept
in 1900 grew to more than
it with submarine propulsion ideas as part of the CNO’s
6000 during World War II, only
to allow indefinite submerged new Concept Generation and
to shrink to less than 300 today.
operations. The introduction Concept Development (CGCD)
Meanwhile, sailors now spend
of more powerful aircraft process. This process provides
more time in the air or on shore
engines in the 1920s didn’t a method for new warfighting
than during the 1940s, as the
revolutionalize warfighting ideas to be proposed by
number of people in the Navy
until the Navy tapped into that operators and technologists
changed from less than 900 per
power to allow aircraft to fly for direct consideration by
ship to more than 1200 today.
from the new flight deck of the the Navy’s four-star leaders.
Each of these major changes USS Langley. Currently the ICoC is developing
grew out of a combination the concept ideas approved by
of technology and new Collaborate, or Fall Behind CNO in the Navy Strategic Plan
operational or organizational for FY12, and in the future, the
concepts. None were a function Today, the Navy must continue ICoC will review and develop
of technology alone. We often to apply the technologies concepts generated from
associated “innovation” with being developed at research throughout the fleet.
new advancements like the facilities around the world to
the operational challenges of In addition to creating a process
personal computer, mobile
today. This is only possible, for new concept ideas to be
phone or iPad, but none of
though, if technologists and generated and developed, we
these innovations really took
fleet operators communicate, must continue the effort begun
off until there was a new way of
collaborate and experiment by ONR to foster a wide variety
operating that took advantage
with their ideas. The Office of venues that highlight the
of them.
of Naval Research (ONR) confluence of technology and
Clayton Christensen, in The aggressively pursues these operational art. For example,
Innovator’s Dilemma, points interactions, and their efforts wargames have long been a
this out using the example at “open innovation” will means by which operators think
of the computer hard drive further increase opportunities through how they might solve
industry. While hard drive for collaboration between a future operational challenge.
manufacturers were able to operators, scientists, and By bringing these operators
make smaller and smaller engineers. Turning collaboration together with technologists
hard drives, their mainframe into innovation, though, will in an innovation game, we
computer customers weren’t require support from the fleet can explore how science and
interested in them because and the Pentagon. To help technology may address future
they didn’t need small size and institutionalize a process for challenges when combined
didn’t want the reduced storage
t wa
a
ant r turning ideas into innovation, with new operational concepts
and lower reliabili that came
er reliability
r ab b the Navy Warfare Development or principles. We in OPNAV are

13


working with ONR to conduct a Navy Technology make each of our fleet units able to impact larger
Innovation Game within the next year. areas for longer periods of time while staying
within future cost constraints. New technologies
The Budget Dilemma such as laser weapons and improved electronic
warfare will be essential to the combat credibility
It is hard to read any national publication today of future flights of ships such as LCS or DDG-
and not be assaulted by dire predictions for both 51 – an important attribute for ships that will
federal budgets and the national debt. Secretary increasingly have to operate independently in
Gates spoke emphatically at the Air-Sea-Space denied or uncertain environments.
Symposium and Eisenhower Library in May 2010
about the need to contain costs, reduce overhead Shortchanging our science and technology
and become better stewards of taxpayer money. investments will only make the future fleet less
At the same time, the demands on naval forces able to provide the widely distributed, forward
are growing and will continue to expand as our deployed combat capability required to address
ground forces draw down in Iraq and Afghanistan. irregular and anti-access threats facing our nation.
While our troops are resetting at home, naval We must ensure, though, these investments
forces will be called upon to maintain stability continue to address areas that could be future
and security in the Middle East, Pacific, Africa operational problems or technology surprises,
and elsewhere. Innovation has a central role in while also serving national priorities for advancing
both improving our efficiency in meeting these science and technology. Establishing the right
demands and improving the credibility of the priorities and emphasis in research funding is
forces the Navy and Marine Corps bring to bear. itself a collaborative effort, where operators,
scientists and engineers must continue to work
Efforts at corrosion control, automation, and so the next generation can benefit from the
unmanned and remotely piloted systems will combination of technology and concept. 

OFFICE OF NAVAL RESEARCH MARKS
50TH ANNIVERSARY OF LASER TECHNOLOGY
Article contributed by ONR Corporate Strategic Communications

From scalpels to corrective conference that brought laser has an unlimited magazine
eye-surgery to weapons, laser physicist-inventors together depth, precise speed-of-light
technology has advanced from to brainstorm the technology capability and can engage
scientific curiosity to scientific in 1959. ONR is proud of multiple targets.
fact since receiving its patent the record of inventions and
ONR also invested in the maser,
on May 16, 1960. The Office of innovations in laser technology
the precursor technology to
Naval Research (ONR), which that spans the past 50 years.
the laser, in the late 1940s-50s.
has made investments in the One can only imagine what
Researchers sought a means
research and development we’ll sponsor in the next 50
of using short-wavelength
of the laser, is joining the years.”
radiation to investigate
science community as it marks
Researchers at ONR are molecular structure. The result
the 50th anniversary of this
applying laser technology in was the maser, or “microwave
groundbreaking device.
naval maritime defense. The amplification by stimulated
“ONR’s contribution to the Navy and Marine Corps’ science emission of radiation.” Once
invention of the laser is well and technology provider developed, researchers soon
known,” said Dr. Lawrence is developing a laser that began work on the idea of
Schuette, who heads ONR’s promises to change warfighting replacing microwaves with light.
Office of Innovation. “We at sea. Planned for the Navy’s The laser and its numerous
sponsored the Shawanga coming all-electric ship, the free commercial applications soon
quantum electronics electron laser weapon system followed. 

14


NWDC: NAVY’S CONCEPT GENERATION AND
CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT (CGCD) PROGRAM
RADM Wendi Carpenter – Commander, Navy Warfare Development Command
r
The Chief of Naval Operations changes and inform technology that exist and consider ways
(CNO) established the Navy development. Our Navy is of using technologies that are
Concept Generation and by nature a capital intensive, likely to exist.
Concept Development platform-centric force. A Some concepts are
(CGCD) Program in June 2008 cultural change is needed commonly referred to as
to provide a collaborative to shift our focus to become “operational concepts.” This
approach and structure for a capabilities-centric force. can be confusing. The term
developing new Navy strategic Concepts provide a holistic “operational” refers specifically
and operational concepts. approach to warfighting to the operational level of war,
Commander, Navy Warfare integration that replaces sub- but is often used to describe
Development Command optimal stovepipes. any type of military action.
(NWDC) was designated
CGCD identifies required We use the term “operating
the Executive Agent for the
capabilities throughout the concept” to refer to the
program. Since the program
spectrum of operations conduct of military action
was established, NWDC has
and provides a sound basis independent of the level of war.
been increasingly engaged
for investment decisions to An operating concept could be
with the Office of Naval
produce solutions across at the strategic, operational, or
Research (ONR), partnering
the Doctrine, Organization, tactical level.
for wargames, analytical
Training, Materiel, Leadership,
studies, research, and potential Operating, functional, and
Education, Personnel, and enabling concepts are also
technology solutions to
Facilities (DOTMLPF) spectrum,
the military challenges and distinct from “concepts of
while considering associated
opportunities addressed in the operations.” A concept of
risks and implications. operations (CONOPS) is
concepts generated within the
CNO’s program. NWDC’s efforts A concept is a notion or defined as “a verbal or graphic
have the same goal: providing statement of an idea with an statement that clearly and
the best affordable capabilities expression of how something concisely expresses what
to the warfighters to prevent might be done – a visualization the Joint Force Commander
wars or win the wars, if of future operations that intends to accomplish and how
deterrence fails. describes how a commander, it will be done using available
using military art and science, resources…” and it is often
CGCD requires a frequent
might employ capabilities associated with a specific
dialogue and close partnership
necessary to meet future warfighting scenario or theater.
between organizations such
challenges and exploit future
as ONR and NWDC. NWDC’s
opportunities. The primary Navy CGCD Program
concepts address the needs of
purpose of a concept is to
the Fleet which inform ONR’s Processes
envision new ways of operating,
science and technology and the
how the force can successfully The following figure provides
research, development, test,
conduct the described an overview of the basic CGCD
and evaluation investments
missions, and to define what process. It is important to
to provide the requisite
capabilities are required to deal recognize the three related,
technology solutions to
with today’s and tomorrow’s but separate and distinct
improve naval warfighting.
naval challenges and avail phases: concept generation,
Concepts are about developing opportunities provided by concept development, and
capabilities and the best way changes in the operating implementation of solutions.
to employ them. They serve environment. It should describe The process is non-linear and
as a basis to drive required new ways of using technologies highly flexible.

15


Concepts inform and
support the Navy’s Planning,
Programming, Budgeting and
Execution process. Validated
concepts provide valuable
and defensible inputs for the
development of the Navy
Strategic Plan (NSP) and Navy
Strategic Guidance (NSG) as
well as the Navy Strategic
Planning Process (NSPP). The
NSP and NSG guides Navy
investment decisions, identifies
priorities, and critically
examines risk in terms of
missions.

Concept Generation Phase
Navy CGCD Program Processes
The Concept Generation Phase
starts with harvesting ideas that
will potentially produce new • Changes in the operational feasibility of potential solutions.
capabilities to address military environment
In the last several years,
challenges or opportunities. NWDC and ONR have been
The process continues until • Changes in the
potential threats closely aligned and partnered
a full concept paper with in concept generation and
potential DOTMLPF solutions development, helping to
and a proposed action plan • Individual ideas /
Fleet inputs shape research on potential
are presented to the CNO for technology solutions. The
his decision. This ensures that • Reality of fiscal constraints importance of this strategic
concept development and the and collaborative approach
commitment of the required The Concept Generation Phase cannot be underestimated.
resources is undertaken is very much about research, Accordingly, there is an open
only after the implications discovery, and defining the invitation for any organization
and effects of implementing operational problem set, the to partner with NWDC and ONR
the concept are identified challenges, the opportunities, to generate conceptual ideas
and understood. Concept and the stakeholders and and drive rapid development
generation can be initiated by their engagement. It requires of technology that will
many sources such as (not an understanding the strategic and provide essential capabilities
inclusive list): operational context as defined generated through the CNO’s
• Capability shortfalls or by A Cooperative Strategy for CGCD Program. We shape the
identified gaps produced 21stt Century Seapower (CS-21), Command goal of providing the
by the NSP, NSG, NSPP and the Naval Operating Concept, t most effective and affordable
other Navy higher authority and the applicable coalition, capabilities to the Fleet.
planning processes joint, and Navy warfighting
concepts and visions. It includes For more information about
• Doctrine deficiencies the harvesting of ideas, the NWDC’s CGCD program and
defining of warfighting gaps to contribute your innovative
• Introduction of new with associated challenges or ideas, visit the NWDC website:
capabilities / new opportunities to be addressed, http://www.nwdc.navy.mil/# 
technology and the definition and
exploration of the value and

16


INNOVATING TO PROTECT OUR FUTURE
Gary Markovits – CEO, Innovation Business Partners, Inc.
Jim Blesse – Innovation Business Partners, Inc. and ONR Office of Innovation
The Navy’s innovation mission means augmenting what we Business Innovation Research,
is broad and daunting. We do well today with new ideas, ONR Global engagements and
must pursue revolutionary processes and tools that enable TechSolutions developments
capabilities for future forces, us to leverage and benefit which either export problems
mature and transition existing from the world’s investment in or import new technologies
innovations, and respond to innovation. Open Innovation and CONOPS from an extended
current critical needs. In the (OI) is just such a concept. innovation network.
midst of these pursuits, we
Innovation in its broadest Industry is facing an analogous
must also maintain broad
sense is the process by which challenge and in response they
technology investments
we generate new knowledge. have created a panoply of new
to anticipate and counter
It is the process by which we OI mechanisms embodied in
potential disruptive innovations
imagine a possible future state, companies such as NineSigma,
from our enemies.
use our science to prove it InnoCentive, YourEncore,
In the future this mission possible and our technology MFG.com, Yet2.com and others.
will become even more to make it feasible. More Unconstrained by the policies
daunting if current trends pragmatically an innovation the Navy must conform to,
such as the erosion of the is a novel and non-obvious they have created mechanisms
U.S. manufacturing base and combination of technology focused on producing solutions
the decline in our science, and concepts of operation in the shortest time at the
technology, engineering and (CONOPS) that solve a problem. lowest cost.
mathematics graduates is
Historically those novel non- This produces two
not reversed. Six years ago
obvious combinations were opportunities for the Office
we reached another tipping
generated by the NRE’s network of Naval Research: one, find
point. In 2004 more than half
of researchers. But the NRE a way to use the commercial
of the world’s investment in
cannot employ every bright OI mechanisms to solve Navy
research and development
person in the world. What OI problems, and two, learn from
happened outside of the U.S.
seeks to do is either export our them and improve our own
and our Patent and Trademark
problems to outside research mechanisms to solve problems
Office for the first time ever
networks for solutions or to faster and deliver more value to
granted more patents to foreign
import from outside networks the warfighter.
assignees than to Americans.
the technologies and CONOPS
Compounding all of this is OI is not a silver bullet. It is one
that will enable us to solve the
the pace of innovation which more weapon in the science
problem.
is growing exponentially. To and technology arsenal to help
protect our freedom and to The Navy has been practicing us generate more value for
remain a first class nation we methods of OI for a long our warfighters, protect our
must increase our capacity for time through programs and freedom, and keep us a first
innovation and this means we organizations such as the Broad class nation. 
must innovate smarter, not Agency Announcements, Small
harder.
Innovating smarter does not
mean abandoning our classic
approach to innovation that has
served us well. The scientists of
the Naval Research Enterprise
(NRE) are among the best in
Naval S&T Problem Solving Process
the world. Innovating smarter

17


UPCOMING ranging from web browsing to
mobility patterns. Professor
EVENTS Barabási will use mobile phone
data to explore the patterns
characterizing these temporal
processes, leading us to the
question of predictability in
human activity patterns.
To attend in person, please
register at: https://secure.
onr.navy.mil/events/regdetail.
asp?cid=665&code=4
To stream the lecture LIVE
starting at 1:00 pm EST and
courtesy of Defense Media
Activity, please visit the Armed
with Science website: http:// will carry over including
science.dodlive.mil/ Code and Director’s breakout
rooms, Pitch-A-Principal
ONR S&T Partnership appointments, the Exhibit Hall
Conference – and our signature Information
Spring 2010 Distinguished Exchange. During these varied
Lecture Series: Final August 24th-26th collaborative opportunities,
Lecture, June 28th, Mark your calendars for the attendees will meet Business
1:00 pm-2:30 pm Office of Naval Research (ONR) Opportunities staff and ONR
Science and Technology (S&T) program officers to discuss
Featuring Professor Albert-
Partnership Conference at how to work with ONR and
László Barabási, Center for
the Hyatt Regency Crystal to exchange innovative ideas.
Complex Network Research
City, Virginia. The purpose Also, the Chief of Naval
and Departments of Physics,
of the conference is to Research (CNR) will continue
Computer Science and Biology
advance awareness of ONR’s the tradition of the CNR
at Northeastern University, and
S&T strategy, programs and Challenge, and issue a special
the Department of Medicine at
research initiatives; to present $1 million research challenge.
Harvard Medical School
S&T research challenges and Responses must be submitted
Abstract of his lecture, From discuss possible solutions; to in person at the conference, so
Networks to Human Activity broaden our S&T partnership please consider attending and
Patterns: base; and to explore new ideas competing for one of the ten
with academia, industry, and $100K grants.
Highly interconnected networks
government laboratories.
with amazingly complex To attend, follow this
topology describe systems Many of you attended the registration link: http://www.
as diverse as the World Wide 2008 ONR S&T Partnership onr.navy.mil/Conference-Event-
Web, our cells, social systems conference – the successful ONR.aspx 
or the economy. Professor aspects from that conference
Barabási will discuss the
amazing order characterizing Did you miss the 2010 Navy Opportunity Forum? Visit
our interconnected world
and its implications to the website to see the narrative briefs, brochures, and
network robustness and charts for more than 200 technologies developed by
spreading processes. Most small businesses and funded by Navy’s Small Business
of these networks are driven
by the temporal patterns Innovation Research and Small Business Technology
characterizing human activity, Transfer. http://www.navyopportunityforum.com

18


DIRECTOR’S CORNER
Larry Schutte, Ph.D.

The Office of Naval Research (ONR) hosted (and watch this space for a potential expansion
the second Open Innovation (OI) Summit on in Asia). Because of our international presence
19 and 20 May. During that two day summit, and interests we are able to look across the
we had the opportunity to explore the OI globe for innovative capabilities to bring to the
tools available to organizations as they try to Naval Warfighter. Honing our S&T portfolio with
integrate new innovation principals into their OI tools is a straightforward proposition and one
business processes. At the same time, we were that we are actively pursuing.
able to explore how three companies (Eli Lilly,
At the end of the OI Summit, I became even
General Mills and Proctor and Gamble) came
more convinced that we need our leadership
to use OI tools, the results they have achieved,
to communicate the value of innovation in
and the lessons learned. While each company is
concert and across the entire community
large and distributed like the Navy, we have one
responsible to our warfighters. The challenge
fundamental difference: in the Navy, we don’t
for the Department of the Navy is to break
own the entire business model – the taxpayers
down cultural barriers and stovepipes and
do. While I am slightly jealous of the freedom
work across the DOTMPLF communities. In this
the private sector has in its ability to maximize
issue of the newsletter we have reached out
the business model through OI, I see real
across the commands and people that we are
opportunity for the Navy to leverage OI across
teaming with in order to bring their perspective
the DOTMPLF (Doctrine, Organization, Training,
on this important issue to the forefront. As
Materiel, Personnel, Leadership and Facilities).
we move ONR and the Navy forward with the
At ONR our main business function is to provide many initiatives outlined in this edition, I feel
venture capital for Science and Technology confident that OI will bring us closer to the kind
(S&T). We are a global organization with offices organization we hope to be. 
in London, Singapore, Chile, Tokyo and Prague

SOCIAL MEDIA PRESENCE
Follow ONR on Twitter: USNavyResearch
http://twitter.com/USNavyResearch

Check out ONR on Facebook
http://www.facebook.com/officeofnavalresearch
ONR was the first DoD organization to stream video LIVE!
Watch the ONR Distinguished Lecture Series and Innovation
Summits LIVE via the Defense Media Activity’s Armed with
Science website:
http://science.dodlive.mil/

Watch ONR’s Distinguished Lecture Series after the Event!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tHXD9MYDZHI
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IGHMM7erXGE

www.onr.navy.mil/innovate Vol. 5 5 | June 2010
Vol. | June 2010

Lawrence C. Schuette, Ph.D. Craig A. Hughes
Director of Innovation Deputy Director of Innovation
tel: 703-696-7118 tel: 703-696-3039
fax: 703-696-4065 email: craig.a.hughes@navy.mil
email: larry.schuette@navy.mil
schuetl@onr.navy.smil.mil

Office of Naval Research
One Liberty Center
875 North Randolph Street
Suite 1425
Arlington, VA 22203-1995

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