The document discusses various marine propulsion systems. It describes how ships are typically powered through a propeller connected to an engine that transforms an energy source into mechanical power. Common energy sources discussed include fossil fuels like diesel powering most ships, as well as alternative sources like solar, wind, nuclear, hydrogen, and wave energy being explored. The document also examines different types of engines like steam, diesel, gas turbine, and their use in marine propulsion applications.
This document discusses ship thrust and propulsion systems. It begins with an overview of how ship thrust is created through the shafting system and connection to the propeller. It then examines the various components of the drive train from the engine to the propeller, including definitions of key power terms. The document also covers topics like shaft alignment, thrust bearings, lubrication, and emissions from marine engines. It provides diagrams to illustrate key concepts and systems.
1. Ship propellers work by sucking in water and accelerating it out in a slipstream, using the change in momentum to generate thrust.
2. Screw propellers have key parts like the blade, hub, tip circle, and define characteristics like pitch. Pitch is the theoretical distance traveled per revolution.
3. Propellers can be fixed pitch or variable pitch (controllable), with the latter allowing control of thrust without changing engine power.
Static forces on a ship include internal forces from structural weight and cargo and external static forces from hydrostatic pressure. Dynamic forces result from ship motion at sea, wind and waves, and operating machinery. A ship has six degrees of freedom of motion: rolling, surging, pitching, swaying, heaving, and yawing. Ship motion introduces dynamic forces that cause stresses on the ship's structure. Methods to reduce rolling include bilge keels, passive tanks, controlled passive tanks, active tanks, and fin stabilizers.
Ships Using Different Propulsion Systems Are discussed.The Ships are:
1:KMS BATTLESHIP- BISMARCK
2:QUEEN ELIZABETH-CLASS AIRCRAFT CARRIER
3:USS ENTERPRISE (CVN-65)
Prepared by:Vipin Devaraj,
38Th RS,
Dept Of Ship Technology,
Cusat,INDIA
contact:vipindevaraj94@gmail.com
For over 35,000 years, humans propelled boats using paddles. Sails were then discovered around 3000 BC, allowing for longer voyages. In 1770, the steam engine was adapted for ships, initially using paddle wheels for propulsion. In the 19th century, screw propellers and steam turbines were introduced. Diesel engines were developed in the late 19th century and began being used on ships in the early 20th century, providing a highly efficient form of propulsion. Ship propulsion has thus evolved from paddles to sails to steam to diesel over thousands of years.
This document discusses ship propulsion systems. It begins by defining key terms related to propeller horsepower, including:
- Brake Horsepower (BHP): Power output at the engine shaft before reduction gears.
- Shaft Horsepower (SHP): Power output after the reduction gears.
- Delivered Horsepower (DHP): Power delivered to the propeller.
- Thrust Horsepower (THP): Power created by the screw/propeller after losses.
It then discusses propeller types, key parts like the hub and blades, and terminology such as diameter, pitch, revolutions per minute, and whether a propeller is right-handed or left-handed. The
The document discusses various marine propulsion systems. It describes how ships are typically powered through a propeller connected to an engine that transforms an energy source into mechanical power. Common energy sources discussed include fossil fuels like diesel powering most ships, as well as alternative sources like solar, wind, nuclear, hydrogen, and wave energy being explored. The document also examines different types of engines like steam, diesel, gas turbine, and their use in marine propulsion applications.
This document discusses ship thrust and propulsion systems. It begins with an overview of how ship thrust is created through the shafting system and connection to the propeller. It then examines the various components of the drive train from the engine to the propeller, including definitions of key power terms. The document also covers topics like shaft alignment, thrust bearings, lubrication, and emissions from marine engines. It provides diagrams to illustrate key concepts and systems.
1. Ship propellers work by sucking in water and accelerating it out in a slipstream, using the change in momentum to generate thrust.
2. Screw propellers have key parts like the blade, hub, tip circle, and define characteristics like pitch. Pitch is the theoretical distance traveled per revolution.
3. Propellers can be fixed pitch or variable pitch (controllable), with the latter allowing control of thrust without changing engine power.
Static forces on a ship include internal forces from structural weight and cargo and external static forces from hydrostatic pressure. Dynamic forces result from ship motion at sea, wind and waves, and operating machinery. A ship has six degrees of freedom of motion: rolling, surging, pitching, swaying, heaving, and yawing. Ship motion introduces dynamic forces that cause stresses on the ship's structure. Methods to reduce rolling include bilge keels, passive tanks, controlled passive tanks, active tanks, and fin stabilizers.
Ships Using Different Propulsion Systems Are discussed.The Ships are:
1:KMS BATTLESHIP- BISMARCK
2:QUEEN ELIZABETH-CLASS AIRCRAFT CARRIER
3:USS ENTERPRISE (CVN-65)
Prepared by:Vipin Devaraj,
38Th RS,
Dept Of Ship Technology,
Cusat,INDIA
contact:vipindevaraj94@gmail.com
For over 35,000 years, humans propelled boats using paddles. Sails were then discovered around 3000 BC, allowing for longer voyages. In 1770, the steam engine was adapted for ships, initially using paddle wheels for propulsion. In the 19th century, screw propellers and steam turbines were introduced. Diesel engines were developed in the late 19th century and began being used on ships in the early 20th century, providing a highly efficient form of propulsion. Ship propulsion has thus evolved from paddles to sails to steam to diesel over thousands of years.
This document discusses ship propulsion systems. It begins by defining key terms related to propeller horsepower, including:
- Brake Horsepower (BHP): Power output at the engine shaft before reduction gears.
- Shaft Horsepower (SHP): Power output after the reduction gears.
- Delivered Horsepower (DHP): Power delivered to the propeller.
- Thrust Horsepower (THP): Power created by the screw/propeller after losses.
It then discusses propeller types, key parts like the hub and blades, and terminology such as diameter, pitch, revolutions per minute, and whether a propeller is right-handed or left-handed. The
This document provides instructions for identifying key terms related to loadlines and draft marks on a ship. It describes the location and purpose of the loadline disk, summer and winter loadlines, summer and tropical draft marks, timber loadlines, freeboard, and draft readings. The terms are related to regulating a ship's loading and determining its draft and tonnage in both fresh and salt water.
This document provides guidelines for preliminary ship design parameter estimation. It discusses selecting main parameters like length, breadth, depth and draft based on owner requirements and stability constraints. Empirical formulas are presented for estimating parameters like displacement, dimensions, form coefficients, block coefficients, and initial stability values. Statistical data analysis and extrapolating from similar ship designs can also help in the first estimates. The relationships between parameters and their influence on ship performance aspects are outlined.
The MARPOL 73/78 Convention aims to eliminate pollution of the seas by oil, chemicals, and other harmful substances discharged from ships. It includes six annexes covering pollution by oil, noxious liquid substances, harmful packaged substances, sewage, garbage, and air pollution. Special areas with higher protection are defined within certain annexes. The document outlines regulations and requirements for ship equipment and record keeping to prevent pollution, particularly for oil tankers, including the use of slop tanks and oil discharge monitoring systems.
This document presents the preliminary design of a 2800 TEU container vessel. It discusses the vessel requirements, trade route between Long Beach, Los Angeles and Colon Container Terminal in Panama and between Colon Container Terminal, Panama and Port of Gebig, Brazil. It outlines the methodology used for the preliminary dimensions, coefficients, lightship weight estimation, stability, lines plan, modeling, resistance calculation, capacity plan, hydrostatics and stability analysis, longitudinal strength and scantling, vibration analysis, propeller and rudder calculations, general arrangement, freeboard calculations and equipment number. The design aims to develop a container vessel that can carry 2800 TEUs at a speed of 20.2 knots to efficiently transport merchandise between the specified ports.
This document summarizes key aspects of rudder theory and design. It discusses how rudders generate force through pressure differences on each side, and how this force has both lift and drag components. It describes different types of rudders based on the position of the center of effort relative to the axis of rotation, including balanced, semi-balanced, and unbalanced rudders. It also discusses rudder construction materials, pintle bearings, and considerations for rudder stock sizing based on the type of rudder.
The keel forms the backbone of the ship and contributes to longitudinal strength. Common keel types include the flat plate keel and bar keel. The hull uses frames, plate floors, and a keel plate to strengthen the structure. A double bottom creates extra strength and space for piping and tanks. Machinery is mounted on reinforced seats with the engine connected to brackets and lugs. The stern frame supports the rudder and propeller shaft. Additional structures like panting beams further reinforce the hull.
Bulkheads are vertical partitions that divide a ship into compartments. There are three main types: watertight, non-watertight, and oiltight bulkheads. Watertight bulkheads are the most important as they subdivide the ship into watertight spaces and prevent flooding. They are constructed of steel plating and vertical stiffeners. Corrugated bulkheads provide strength with less weight by incorporating swelled plates instead of stiffeners. Bulkheads must be watertight at any openings, which are fitted with doors or penetrations sealed with glands. Proper construction and regular inspection of bulkheads and their openings is vital for subdivision and damage stability.
This document provides an overview of IMO regulations for improving ship energy efficiency, including:
- Chapter 4 of MARPOL Annex VI establishes mandatory energy efficiency standards for ships through the Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) for new ships and the Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP) for all ships.
- IMO resolutions provide guidelines for calculating the EEDI and developing SEEMPs.
- Ships must undergo surveys and be issued an International Energy Efficiency Certificate verifying compliance with Chapter 4 requirements.
This document discusses ship rudders, including:
- Rudders are fitted at the aft end of ships to provide directional control and derive benefit from increased water velocity from the propeller.
- There are three main types of rudders - balanced, unbalanced, and semi-balanced. Balanced rudders have a portion of blade area forward of the stock to reduce torque on the steering gear.
- Size, shape, and type of rudder is governed by the ship's stern shape, required rudder area, steering gear capacity, and service conditions.
- Special rudders like spade rudders, Flettner/Becker rudders, Borg
Introduction to Ship Resistance and Propulsion.pdfMUswahPawara
This document provides an introduction to ship resistance and propulsion. It discusses the key components of ship resistance including appendages resistance, friction resistance, wave making resistance, air resistance, and eddy resistance. It also covers total resistance and additional resistance components like spray resistance and eddy making resistance. The document then discusses propulsive efficiency factors like relative rotative efficiency, open water efficiency, and hull efficiency. It introduces concepts like propulsion coefficient and relationships between delivered horsepower, shaft horsepower, and required horsepower. Finally, it briefly compares different propulsion systems like fixed pitch propeller, controllable pitch propeller, and azimuthing stern drive regarding their advantages, disadvantages, costs, and maneuverability.
This document provides design details for an oil tanker ship with the following key specifications:
- Ship Type: Oil Tanker with capacity of 2900 tonnes
- Route: Between Chittagong and Dhaka in Bangladesh
- Speed: 10 knots
It includes principal particulars, general arrangement drawings, lines plans, hydrostatic calculations and curves, resistance and power calculations, engine and gearbox selection, and designs for the rudder, steering arrangement, and other systems. The document compares the updated design specifications to previous specifications.
The document discusses various types of deck machinery and equipment used on ships, including:
- Windlasses and mooring winches used for anchoring and mooring.
- Hatch cover openers, winches, derricks, and cranes used for cargo handling.
- Pumps and other equipment used on specialized ship types like LNG carriers.
- Components and operation of typical anchoring systems including the anchor, chain, and windlass.
- Electric, hydraulic, and other drive systems used to power deck machinery.
- Cargo winches and derrick/crane systems and their use in cargo handling.
- Types of hatch covers including hydraulic folding and rolling varieties.
1. The document discusses the various components of ship resistance including viscous resistance, wave-making resistance, and air resistance.
2. Viscous resistance is affected by factors like Reynolds number and hull shape, with slender hulls reducing the normal component.
3. Wave-making resistance drastically increases above the hull speed as transverse wave length approaches ship length. Bulbous bows can reduce bow wave resistance.
4. Total resistance is calculated from coefficients of viscous, wave-making, and air resistance, with model tests needed to determine wave-making coefficient.
Nuclear submarines are powered by nuclear reactors which use nuclear fission to generate heat and convert water to steam to power the submarine's propulsion systems. The first nuclear submarine, the USS Nautilus, was launched in 1954. Nuclear submarines have several advantages over conventional submarines such as not needing to surface frequently for air and being able to operate at high speeds for long durations. India has launched its first nuclear submarine, INS Arihant, which carries nuclear missiles and adds to India's credible second-strike nuclear capability.
The document discusses regulations regarding the treatment and discharge of sewage from ships as outlined in MARPOL Annex IV. It provides details on definitions of sewage, typical sewage generation amounts, treatment methods including mechanical, chemical and biological, and standards for effluent quality and discharge distances. Requirements include having an approved sewage treatment plant and International Sewage Pollution Prevention Certificate when discharging in special areas like the Baltic Sea.
This document discusses longitudinal stability and trim in ships. It defines key terms like trim, longitudinal center of flotation, trimming moment, and moment to change trim. It describes how trim occurs when the forward and aft drafts are unequal and explains how small weight changes affect trim. Weight shifts produce a trimming moment that changes the trim according to the trimming moment divided by the moment to change trim. The changes in forward and aft draft are then calculated based on the new trim.
The document discusses the various types of surveys conducted by Nippon Kaiji Kyokai (ClassNK), a ship classification society, including annual surveys, intermediate surveys, special surveys, and docking surveys. The purpose of the different surveys is to inspect the hull, machinery, equipment and overall condition of ships to confirm they meet classification standards and safety requirements. The document provides details on the scope and requirements of each type of survey.
The document discusses electric propulsion systems for marine vessels. It provides an overview of conventional power plants and their disadvantages. It then discusses the history and development of electric propulsion systems, including early experimental systems from the late 19th century through modern commercial applications starting in the 1920s. The document outlines several types of electric propulsion systems and their components. It discusses the advantages of electric propulsion systems, including improved efficiency, emissions reductions, and operational flexibility compared to conventional systems.
Marine propulsion can be biomimetic, deriving mechanisms from biology. Oscillating fins used by aquatic animals for propulsion have inspired researchers to design similar propulsors. Biomimetic propulsion includes oscillating fins modeled after fish tails and penguin wings. These oscillating foils can generate thrust through reverse Von Karman vortex streets with optimal Strouhal numbers between 0.25-0.35, similar to efficient swimmers like dolphins. While biological propulsion is complex, oscillating foils show promise for maneuvering and efficient propulsion through further research optimization.
This document provides instructions for identifying key terms related to loadlines and draft marks on a ship. It describes the location and purpose of the loadline disk, summer and winter loadlines, summer and tropical draft marks, timber loadlines, freeboard, and draft readings. The terms are related to regulating a ship's loading and determining its draft and tonnage in both fresh and salt water.
This document provides guidelines for preliminary ship design parameter estimation. It discusses selecting main parameters like length, breadth, depth and draft based on owner requirements and stability constraints. Empirical formulas are presented for estimating parameters like displacement, dimensions, form coefficients, block coefficients, and initial stability values. Statistical data analysis and extrapolating from similar ship designs can also help in the first estimates. The relationships between parameters and their influence on ship performance aspects are outlined.
The MARPOL 73/78 Convention aims to eliminate pollution of the seas by oil, chemicals, and other harmful substances discharged from ships. It includes six annexes covering pollution by oil, noxious liquid substances, harmful packaged substances, sewage, garbage, and air pollution. Special areas with higher protection are defined within certain annexes. The document outlines regulations and requirements for ship equipment and record keeping to prevent pollution, particularly for oil tankers, including the use of slop tanks and oil discharge monitoring systems.
This document presents the preliminary design of a 2800 TEU container vessel. It discusses the vessel requirements, trade route between Long Beach, Los Angeles and Colon Container Terminal in Panama and between Colon Container Terminal, Panama and Port of Gebig, Brazil. It outlines the methodology used for the preliminary dimensions, coefficients, lightship weight estimation, stability, lines plan, modeling, resistance calculation, capacity plan, hydrostatics and stability analysis, longitudinal strength and scantling, vibration analysis, propeller and rudder calculations, general arrangement, freeboard calculations and equipment number. The design aims to develop a container vessel that can carry 2800 TEUs at a speed of 20.2 knots to efficiently transport merchandise between the specified ports.
This document summarizes key aspects of rudder theory and design. It discusses how rudders generate force through pressure differences on each side, and how this force has both lift and drag components. It describes different types of rudders based on the position of the center of effort relative to the axis of rotation, including balanced, semi-balanced, and unbalanced rudders. It also discusses rudder construction materials, pintle bearings, and considerations for rudder stock sizing based on the type of rudder.
The keel forms the backbone of the ship and contributes to longitudinal strength. Common keel types include the flat plate keel and bar keel. The hull uses frames, plate floors, and a keel plate to strengthen the structure. A double bottom creates extra strength and space for piping and tanks. Machinery is mounted on reinforced seats with the engine connected to brackets and lugs. The stern frame supports the rudder and propeller shaft. Additional structures like panting beams further reinforce the hull.
Bulkheads are vertical partitions that divide a ship into compartments. There are three main types: watertight, non-watertight, and oiltight bulkheads. Watertight bulkheads are the most important as they subdivide the ship into watertight spaces and prevent flooding. They are constructed of steel plating and vertical stiffeners. Corrugated bulkheads provide strength with less weight by incorporating swelled plates instead of stiffeners. Bulkheads must be watertight at any openings, which are fitted with doors or penetrations sealed with glands. Proper construction and regular inspection of bulkheads and their openings is vital for subdivision and damage stability.
This document provides an overview of IMO regulations for improving ship energy efficiency, including:
- Chapter 4 of MARPOL Annex VI establishes mandatory energy efficiency standards for ships through the Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) for new ships and the Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP) for all ships.
- IMO resolutions provide guidelines for calculating the EEDI and developing SEEMPs.
- Ships must undergo surveys and be issued an International Energy Efficiency Certificate verifying compliance with Chapter 4 requirements.
This document discusses ship rudders, including:
- Rudders are fitted at the aft end of ships to provide directional control and derive benefit from increased water velocity from the propeller.
- There are three main types of rudders - balanced, unbalanced, and semi-balanced. Balanced rudders have a portion of blade area forward of the stock to reduce torque on the steering gear.
- Size, shape, and type of rudder is governed by the ship's stern shape, required rudder area, steering gear capacity, and service conditions.
- Special rudders like spade rudders, Flettner/Becker rudders, Borg
Introduction to Ship Resistance and Propulsion.pdfMUswahPawara
This document provides an introduction to ship resistance and propulsion. It discusses the key components of ship resistance including appendages resistance, friction resistance, wave making resistance, air resistance, and eddy resistance. It also covers total resistance and additional resistance components like spray resistance and eddy making resistance. The document then discusses propulsive efficiency factors like relative rotative efficiency, open water efficiency, and hull efficiency. It introduces concepts like propulsion coefficient and relationships between delivered horsepower, shaft horsepower, and required horsepower. Finally, it briefly compares different propulsion systems like fixed pitch propeller, controllable pitch propeller, and azimuthing stern drive regarding their advantages, disadvantages, costs, and maneuverability.
This document provides design details for an oil tanker ship with the following key specifications:
- Ship Type: Oil Tanker with capacity of 2900 tonnes
- Route: Between Chittagong and Dhaka in Bangladesh
- Speed: 10 knots
It includes principal particulars, general arrangement drawings, lines plans, hydrostatic calculations and curves, resistance and power calculations, engine and gearbox selection, and designs for the rudder, steering arrangement, and other systems. The document compares the updated design specifications to previous specifications.
The document discusses various types of deck machinery and equipment used on ships, including:
- Windlasses and mooring winches used for anchoring and mooring.
- Hatch cover openers, winches, derricks, and cranes used for cargo handling.
- Pumps and other equipment used on specialized ship types like LNG carriers.
- Components and operation of typical anchoring systems including the anchor, chain, and windlass.
- Electric, hydraulic, and other drive systems used to power deck machinery.
- Cargo winches and derrick/crane systems and their use in cargo handling.
- Types of hatch covers including hydraulic folding and rolling varieties.
1. The document discusses the various components of ship resistance including viscous resistance, wave-making resistance, and air resistance.
2. Viscous resistance is affected by factors like Reynolds number and hull shape, with slender hulls reducing the normal component.
3. Wave-making resistance drastically increases above the hull speed as transverse wave length approaches ship length. Bulbous bows can reduce bow wave resistance.
4. Total resistance is calculated from coefficients of viscous, wave-making, and air resistance, with model tests needed to determine wave-making coefficient.
Nuclear submarines are powered by nuclear reactors which use nuclear fission to generate heat and convert water to steam to power the submarine's propulsion systems. The first nuclear submarine, the USS Nautilus, was launched in 1954. Nuclear submarines have several advantages over conventional submarines such as not needing to surface frequently for air and being able to operate at high speeds for long durations. India has launched its first nuclear submarine, INS Arihant, which carries nuclear missiles and adds to India's credible second-strike nuclear capability.
The document discusses regulations regarding the treatment and discharge of sewage from ships as outlined in MARPOL Annex IV. It provides details on definitions of sewage, typical sewage generation amounts, treatment methods including mechanical, chemical and biological, and standards for effluent quality and discharge distances. Requirements include having an approved sewage treatment plant and International Sewage Pollution Prevention Certificate when discharging in special areas like the Baltic Sea.
This document discusses longitudinal stability and trim in ships. It defines key terms like trim, longitudinal center of flotation, trimming moment, and moment to change trim. It describes how trim occurs when the forward and aft drafts are unequal and explains how small weight changes affect trim. Weight shifts produce a trimming moment that changes the trim according to the trimming moment divided by the moment to change trim. The changes in forward and aft draft are then calculated based on the new trim.
The document discusses the various types of surveys conducted by Nippon Kaiji Kyokai (ClassNK), a ship classification society, including annual surveys, intermediate surveys, special surveys, and docking surveys. The purpose of the different surveys is to inspect the hull, machinery, equipment and overall condition of ships to confirm they meet classification standards and safety requirements. The document provides details on the scope and requirements of each type of survey.
The document discusses electric propulsion systems for marine vessels. It provides an overview of conventional power plants and their disadvantages. It then discusses the history and development of electric propulsion systems, including early experimental systems from the late 19th century through modern commercial applications starting in the 1920s. The document outlines several types of electric propulsion systems and their components. It discusses the advantages of electric propulsion systems, including improved efficiency, emissions reductions, and operational flexibility compared to conventional systems.
Marine propulsion can be biomimetic, deriving mechanisms from biology. Oscillating fins used by aquatic animals for propulsion have inspired researchers to design similar propulsors. Biomimetic propulsion includes oscillating fins modeled after fish tails and penguin wings. These oscillating foils can generate thrust through reverse Von Karman vortex streets with optimal Strouhal numbers between 0.25-0.35, similar to efficient swimmers like dolphins. While biological propulsion is complex, oscillating foils show promise for maneuvering and efficient propulsion through further research optimization.
Nuclear reactors were first developed for naval propulsion in the 1940s and the first nuclear-powered submarine, the USS Nautilus, launched in 1955. Over 140 ships have since been powered by more than 180 small nuclear reactors, accumulating over 12,000 reactor years of operation at sea. Nuclear power is well-suited for naval vessels that need to operate for long periods without refueling or for powerful submarine propulsion. Reactors contain over 100 tons of shielding and use steam to drive turbines that power the ship and propellers, operating independently of the atmosphere to allow extended underwater missions. Naval reactors undergo repeated power changes and meet high safety and quality standards for long-term operation with inaccessible internals.
DNV GL's long experience is now put on paper outlining the main issues as far as batteries use as fuel. Projects like the Viking Lady and the newly built NORLED vessels exhibit the vast experience we have in this field.
The document discusses various marine propulsion systems. It provides an overview of different propulsion types including diesel, wind, nuclear, gas turbine, fuel cell, biodiesel, solar, steam turbine, diesel-electric, water jet, and gas/tri fuel systems. For each system, it describes the basic principles and components, provides examples, and lists advantages and disadvantages. The document contains 10 figures illustrating different propulsion configurations.
This was the seminar presentation on my Project report for M.Sc. Degree.
This shows basic and application of Electric propulsion.Which also shows about how electric propulsion is better than chemical propulsion.
Fire hazards and precautions on LNG carrierssasa frkovic
LNG consists of hydrocarbons that will burn when exposed to air between concentrations of 5-15%, the flammable range. Sources of ignition on LNG carriers include engine rooms, which the carriers are designed to protect against. In the event of a fire, the alarm is activated and fire parties muster. The master advises crew of the situation while maneuvering as required. The chief officer and chief engineer take control of firefighting, starting pumps and isolating the source, in this case by closing the manifold valve. The technique of progressive cooling uses advancing sweeps of spray to cool the fire's surface in early stages when it is fed by thin vapors.
Vessel efficiency compeition case study andrew flockhart cmalKTN
Caledonian Maritime Assets Ltd (CMAL) is exploring hybrid ferry options to reduce emissions and operating costs on aging ferries. CMAL owns 24 harbors and operates 30 ferries with an average age of 22 years. Hybrid ferries could reduce fuel consumption and emissions by at least 20% through the use of lithium-ion batteries and more efficient propulsion systems. CMAL is also investigating the feasibility of hydrogen fuel cells to enable zero emission ferries in the future as fuel cell technology advances. A consortium led by CMAL is studying the technical and commercial viability of hydrogen fuel cells for ferries.
Yunyeong Kim came to Toronto to study English and noticed that students at the International Language Academy of Canada were very passionate about learning English. He started practicing English as much as possible to achieve his future goals. To overcome his fear of heights, he visited the Grand Canyon and walked across the Sky Walk, a transparent bridge over the canyon. This helped him feel capable of taking on any challenges. When he began studying at Centennial College, Malcolm X's biography inspired him to keep overcoming difficulties. In his last semester, a kind professor helped Kim gain confidence in his business studies by listening to his thoughts. Kim graduated with all A+ grades and his certificate reminds him of his accomplishments and confidence to continue his business education.
Presentación del ponente D. David Andrews de UCL Mechanical Engineering, London College, en la Jornada Transnacional "Demostración Tecnológica en la Industria Auxiliar del Naval"
Realizada el 26 de enero de 2010, en Santiago de Compostela
The document discusses the history of shipyards and shipbuilding. It notes that some of the earliest known shipyards date back to 2400 BC in India and ancient Egypt. It describes the evolution of ship designs over time, from early sail types like lateen rigs used by Romans and in the Mediterranean, to the dominance of square rigging on ocean-going vessels. The document also discusses how ship technology and naval architecture advanced alongside social evolution, enabling expansion of trade and changes in how societies were organized, particularly with the rise of slave-powered ships and later steam-powered vessels. It recommends the book it draws from for further information on the intertwined history of ships and society.
Brown Bag (Roy) - EEDI for LNG TankersBiswajoy Roy
This document summarizes a study on energy efficiency regulations for LNG carriers. It examines 493 LNG carriers using four main propulsion technologies: steam turbine, dual fuel diesel electric, slow speed diesel with reliquefaction, and main engine gas injection. The study calculates the Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) for each technology both with and without considering methane slip. It finds that current EEDI regulations do not properly account for methane slip and may not incentivize reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The document proposes policy alternatives like setting more stringent EEDI reduction targets, updating the EEDI baseline, including methane slip in calculations, and using correction factors. The conclusions are that the EEDI needs revision to make
SEBI has mandated that Brokerages, DP's and Wealth Managers shall register all new accounts with KRA. CMC Ltd. has a ready solution for KRA. See it here.
The document is a 2012 pocket guide for the Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA). It provides an overview of NAVSEA, which engineers, builds, buys and maintains ships, submarines and combat systems for the U.S. Navy. It lists NAVSEA's facilities, directorates, program executive offices, warfare centers, shipyards, and field activities located across the United States and Asia.
“Southern Thailand and the New Silk Roads: Opportunities and Challenges”Klangpanya
ดร. สินาด ตรีวรรณไชย นักวิจัยโครงการภายใต้โครงการคลังปัญญาฯ ได้นำเสนอผลงานเรื่อง ภาคใต้ของประเทศไทยกับเส้นทางสายไหมใหม่ : โอกาสและความท้าทาย(Southern Thailand and the New Silk Roads: Opportunities and Challenges)
รายละเอียดเพิ่มเติม: http://www.rsu-brain.com/
The Aquarius MRE System uses rigid sails and solar panels to harness wind and solar power to help propel ships and provide energy when in port, with the goal of reducing ships' fossil fuel usage and emissions by an estimated 10-20% annually. Rigid sails and power storage modules capture energy from the wind and sun that can be used for ship propulsion or when docked. Integrating these renewable energy technologies aims to transform shipping industry sustainability.
This study Examines the Effectiveness of Talent Procurement through the Imple...DharmaBanothu
In the world with high technology and fast
forward mindset recruiters are walking/showing interest
towards E-Recruitment. Present most of the HRs of
many companies are choosing E-Recruitment as the best
choice for recruitment. E-Recruitment is being done
through many online platforms like Linkedin, Naukri,
Instagram , Facebook etc. Now with high technology E-
Recruitment has gone through next level by using
Artificial Intelligence too.
Key Words : Talent Management, Talent Acquisition , E-
Recruitment , Artificial Intelligence Introduction
Effectiveness of Talent Acquisition through E-
Recruitment in this topic we will discuss about 4important
and interlinked topics which are
A high-Speed Communication System is based on the Design of a Bi-NoC Router, ...DharmaBanothu
The Network on Chip (NoC) has emerged as an effective
solution for intercommunication infrastructure within System on
Chip (SoC) designs, overcoming the limitations of traditional
methods that face significant bottlenecks. However, the complexity
of NoC design presents numerous challenges related to
performance metrics such as scalability, latency, power
consumption, and signal integrity. This project addresses the
issues within the router's memory unit and proposes an enhanced
memory structure. To achieve efficient data transfer, FIFO buffers
are implemented in distributed RAM and virtual channels for
FPGA-based NoC. The project introduces advanced FIFO-based
memory units within the NoC router, assessing their performance
in a Bi-directional NoC (Bi-NoC) configuration. The primary
objective is to reduce the router's workload while enhancing the
FIFO internal structure. To further improve data transfer speed,
a Bi-NoC with a self-configurable intercommunication channel is
suggested. Simulation and synthesis results demonstrate
guaranteed throughput, predictable latency, and equitable
network access, showing significant improvement over previous
designs
Prediction of Electrical Energy Efficiency Using Information on Consumer's Ac...PriyankaKilaniya
Energy efficiency has been important since the latter part of the last century. The main object of this survey is to determine the energy efficiency knowledge among consumers. Two separate districts in Bangladesh are selected to conduct the survey on households and showrooms about the energy and seller also. The survey uses the data to find some regression equations from which it is easy to predict energy efficiency knowledge. The data is analyzed and calculated based on five important criteria. The initial target was to find some factors that help predict a person's energy efficiency knowledge. From the survey, it is found that the energy efficiency awareness among the people of our country is very low. Relationships between household energy use behaviors are estimated using a unique dataset of about 40 households and 20 showrooms in Bangladesh's Chapainawabganj and Bagerhat districts. Knowledge of energy consumption and energy efficiency technology options is found to be associated with household use of energy conservation practices. Household characteristics also influence household energy use behavior. Younger household cohorts are more likely to adopt energy-efficient technologies and energy conservation practices and place primary importance on energy saving for environmental reasons. Education also influences attitudes toward energy conservation in Bangladesh. Low-education households indicate they primarily save electricity for the environment while high-education households indicate they are motivated by environmental concerns.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELijaia
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
Open Channel Flow: fluid flow with a free surfaceIndrajeet sahu
Open Channel Flow: This topic focuses on fluid flow with a free surface, such as in rivers, canals, and drainage ditches. Key concepts include the classification of flow types (steady vs. unsteady, uniform vs. non-uniform), hydraulic radius, flow resistance, Manning's equation, critical flow conditions, and energy and momentum principles. It also covers flow measurement techniques, gradually varied flow analysis, and the design of open channels. Understanding these principles is vital for effective water resource management and engineering applications.
Road construction is not as easy as it seems to be, it includes various steps and it starts with its designing and
structure including the traffic volume consideration. Then base layer is done by bulldozers and levelers and after
base surface coating has to be done. For giving road a smooth surface with flexibility, Asphalt concrete is used.
Asphalt requires an aggregate sub base material layer, and then a base layer to be put into first place. Asphalt road
construction is formulated to support the heavy traffic load and climatic conditions. It is 100% recyclable and
saving non renewable natural resources.
With the advancement of technology, Asphalt technology gives assurance about the good drainage system and with
skid resistance it can be used where safety is necessary such as outsidethe schools.
The largest use of Asphalt is for making asphalt concrete for road surfaces. It is widely used in airports around the
world due to the sturdiness and ability to be repaired quickly, it is widely used for runways dedicated to aircraft
landing and taking off. Asphalt is normally stored and transported at 150’C or 300’F temperature