The document discusses obesity in India. Some key points: - India is the third most obese country in the world, with obesity more common in females. Punjab and Kerala have the highest rates of obesity. - Obesity is defined as a BMI over 30. It results from an excess calorie intake compared to energy expenditure. - Obesity rates have increased over time and are higher in urban vs. rural areas. Factors contributing to obesity in India include lifestyle changes, diet, lack of physical activity, and socioeconomic status. - There is a need for public education on healthy lifestyles and diets to address obesity in India. Gut bacteria also influence obesity risk and future research is exploring manipulating gut

1. Obesity In India
Presented By:
SHARIQUA KHAN
DBT-JRF
Immunotoxicology Division
CSIR-IITR

3. Obesity
• WHO definition :
BMI >= 18.5 is normal weight
BMI >= 25 is overweight
BMI >= 30 is obesity
• Caloric imbalance results from an excess intake of calories
above their consumption by the body

4. gthigh

5. Consequences of Obesity

6. Indian Scenario

7. Temporal Changes in Prevalence of Obesity
Data from NHFS
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
1995 2000 2006
Percentage
Men Women
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
1989 2003 2006
Percentage
Men Women
Urban Indian Population Rural Indian Population

8. Obesity Distribution in India (Statewise)
Data from NHFS 2007
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Percentage
Male Female

9. 0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Percentage
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Percentage
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Percentage
Pattern of Female Obesity in India
Rural/Urban Divide Marital and Parity Status Geographical Distribution
NHFS 2007

10. Obesity according to sociodemographic variables
Age wise
Indian J Community Med. 2010 Oct-Dec; 35(4): 482–486.
19
19.5
20
20.5
21
21.5
22
22.5
23
23.5
Slum Non-
Slum
Obesity(%)
Residential Area
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 >=60
Obesity(%)
Age Group
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Class I Class IIClass IIIClassIV
and V
Obesity(%)
Socioeconomic status
Socioeconomic status Residential Area

11. Obesity according to dietary habits
Total Calorie intake
Indian J Community Med. 2010 Oct-Dec; 35(4): 482–486.
Intake of Snacks Type of food
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Recommended or
less
More than
recommended
Obesity(%)
Total calorie intake
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Taking Snacks Not taking Snacks
Obesity(%)
Intake of snacks
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
Vegetarian Mix
Obesity(%)
Type of food

12. Causes of obesity in India
Obesity
Wrong parental
approach
Socioeconomic
status
Technology
Academics
Working status
of parents
Lack of Physical
activity
Dietary
Habits

13. Summary
• India is third most obese country in the world.
• Obesity is more common in females.
• Punjab and Kerala are the most obese states of India.
• An urgent need to educate the Indian community on the aspects of
healthy food habits and desired lifestyles to prevent obesity and its
associated ill effects.

14. Fighting Obesity with Bacteria
Future Perspective:

15. Gut Microbiota Controls Obesity

16. Science; vol. 341; no. 6150; 1069-1070 (2013)
(A) Germ-free mice inoculated with
microbiota from obese or lean human
twins take on the microbiota
characteristics of the donor. Those
receiving the obese microbiota (red
outline) had an increase in adiposity,
whereas those receiving the lean
microbiota (blue outline) remained lean.
(B) If fed an appropriate diet, mice
harboring the obese microbiota, when
cohoused with mice harboring the lean
microbiota, are invaded by the lean
microbiota and do not develop
increased adiposity (blue and red
outline). By contrast, the obese
microbiota does not effectively colonize
mice harboring the lean microbiota, and
these mice remain lean.

17. Acknowledgement
• AcSIR Classmates
• Department of Biotechnology (DBT)

18. THANK YOU

20. Causes of obesity
Obesity
Genetic
Physiological
Metabolic
Hormonal
Sociocultural
Environmental
Behavioral
Psychological