This document discusses obesity, including defining it, classifying obesity using body mass index (BMI), the global prevalence of obesity which has nearly doubled from 1980 to 2008, epidemiological determinants like age, sex, genetics, diet, physical activity, and socioeconomic factors. It addresses the etiology and pathophysiology of obesity resulting from an energy imbalance between calories consumed and expended. Finally, it lists complications of obesity such as diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, respiratory disease, and certain cancers.

1. OBESITY
Dr Akshay Shetty
Asst.Professor
SSRAMCH Inchal

2. Contents
Objectives
Definition of Obesity
Body mass index
Classification of obesity
Prevalence of obesity
Epidemiological determinants of obesity
Aetiology of Obesity
Pathophysiology of obesity
Complications of obesity
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3. Objectives
By the end of the presentation the students must be able to ---
1. Define Obesity
2. Quote Body mass index
3. Classify obesity
4. State Prevalence of obesity
5. Record Epidemiological determinants of obesity
6. List Aetiology of Obesity
7. Discuss Pathophysiology of obesity
8. Enumerate Complications of obesity
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4. Definition of Obesity
 Obesity is a heterogeneous complex
disorder of multiple etiologies
characterized by excess body fat that
threatens or affects socioeconomic, mental
or physical health
Sharma 2007
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5. Body mass index
 Weight / square of the height (kg/m2)

Index to classify overweight and obesity in
adults.
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7. Prevalence
 In 2008, more than 1.4billion adults were overweight and more
than half a billion were obese.
 Overall, more than
10% of the world’s adult population was obese.
 At least 2.8 million people each year die as a result of being
overweight or obese.
 The prevalence of obesity has nearly doubled between 1980
and 2008.
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8. Contd…
 In 2011, more than 40 million children under the age
of five were overweight.
 More than 30 million overweight children are living in
developing countries and 10 million in Developed
countries
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9. Contd….
 Childhood obesity is one of the most serious public health c
hallenges of the 21st century.
 Overweight children are likely to become obese adults.
 More likely than non‐overweight children to develop diabe
tes and cardiovascular diseases at a younger age, higher c
hance of premature death and disability.
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10. Contd…
 NCD risk factor survey phase‐2 (2007‐2008) –
Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Mah
arashtra, Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand & Mizoram
 High prevalence of obesity in all age‐group exc
ept 15‐24 years group.
 1.3 % Males & 2.5 % Females aged more than
20 years were obese.
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11. Epidemiological determinants
Non‐modifiable risk factors:
• Age
• Sex
• Genetic factors
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12. Cont…
Modifiable risk factors
 Eating habits
 Physical inactivity
 Socioeconomic Status
 Education
 Psychosocial factors
 Endocrine factors
 Alcohol
 Smoking
 Drugs
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13. Aetiology
Obesity is usually the result of an imbalance between
calories consumed and calories expended
• Globally, there has been:
 An increased intake of energy‐dense foods that
are high in fat;
 Decrease in physical activity due to the increasingly
sedentary nature of many forms of work, changing
modes of transportation.
 Increasing urbanization.
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16. Complications of Obesity
 Diabetes mellitus
 Hypertension
 Dyslipidaemia
 Coronary heart disease
 Heart failure
 Atrial fibrillation
 Cerebrovascular disease
 Respiratory disease
 Hepatobiliary disease
 Osteoarthritis
 Cancer
 Gynaecological complications
 Surgical & anaesthetic
complications
 Chronic kidney disease
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18. Summary
1.Define Obesity 1.Quote Body mass index 1.Classify obesity
1.State Prevalence of obesity
1.Record
Epidemiological determinants
of obesity
List Aetiology of Obesity
Discuss Pathophysiology of
obesity
Enumerate Complications of
obesity
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19. References
 https://gmch.gov.in/e-study/e%20lectures/Community%20Medicine/Obesity.pdf
 https://www.slideshare.net/aiswarya1995/obesity-56164051
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