Here, I Describe about concept of network topologies and there types (Physical &Logical) I categorized Physical topologies into 7 networks types and short description about logical topology. Factors to choose network topology Diagrams of all physical topology Advantages and disadvantages most of all topology DEMO: Computer network topology is the way various components of a network (like nodes, links, peripherals, etc) are arranged. Network topologies define the layout, virtual shape or structure of network, not only physically but also logically. The way in which different systems and nodes are connected and communicate with each other is determined by topology of the network. Topology can be physical or logical. Physical Topology is the physical layout of nodes, workstations and cables in the network; while logical topology is the way information flows between different components.  In general, physical topology relates to a core network whereas logical topology relates to basic network.   A fully connected network, complete topology, or full mesh topology is a network topology in which there is a direct link between all pairs of nodes. Networks designed with this topology are usually very expensive to set up, but provide a high degree of reliability due to the multiple paths for data that are provided by the large number of redundant links between nodes. This topology is mostly seen in military applications. A TOTAL GUIDE ABOUT NETWORK TOPOLOGIES ©Himanshu Thanks,,, Hope you willl love it. If you want this slide in .pptx then you can contact me (fb.com/nephaxor) Writer:(bit.ly/anonnepal)

1. A TOTAL GUIDE ABOUT
NETWORK TOPOLOGIES
© H i m a n s h u

2. What you will learn today?
Introduction To Network Topology
Factor Choosing Network Topology
Types of Network Topology
Bibliography + Useful Sites

3. NETWORK TOPOLOGIES
• Topology refers to the layout of connected devices on a network.
• Simply it’s a :Layout of a network and how different nodes in a
network are connected to each other and how they communicate.
continue…

4. CONCEPT
• Computer network topology is the way various components of a
network (like nodes, links, peripherals, etc) are arranged. Network
topologies define the layout, virtual shape or structure of network,
not only physically but also logically. The way in which different
systems and nodes are connected and communicate with each
other is determined by topology of the network. Topology can be
physical or logical. Physical Topology is the physical layout of nodes,
workstations and cables in the network; while logical topology is
the way information flows between different components.
In general, physical topology relates to a core network whereas
logical topology relates to basic network.

5. FACTORS WHILE CHOOSING TOPOLOGIES
• Scale of your project (in terms of number of components to be
connected)
• Amount of traffic expected on the network.
• Budget allotted for the network i.e. amount of money you are
willing to invest.
• Required response time.

6. TOPOLOGY TYPES
• There are two basic categories of network topologies: physical
topologies and logical topologies.

7. PHYSICAL TOPOLOGIES

9. CONCEPT
• The physical topology of a network is the actual geometric layout of
workstations. There are several common physical topologies, as I
am describing below and as shown in the figure.
• Simply, I can say Physical topology is the physical layout of nodes on
a network
Peps, Now I will take you to the next level. Lets learn about there types
continue…

10. TYPES OF PHYSICAL TOPOLOGIES
1.FULLY CONNECTED

11. DESCRIPTION
• A fully connected network, complete topology, or full mesh
topology is a network topology in which there is a direct link
between all pairs of nodes. Networks designed with this topology
are usually very expensive to set up, but provide a high degree of
reliability due to the multiple paths for data that are provided by
the large number of redundant links between nodes. This topology
is mostly seen in military applications.

12. ADVANTAGES
• A fault in one terminal on the network will not effect the rest
• When network usage is high, data packets can be transmitted via
different cables, thereby reducing network clogging - keeping data
transfer rates at an acceptable level..

13. DISADVANTAGES
• A large amount of cabling is required

14. 2. BUS

15. CONCEPT
In this topology every workstation is connected to a main
cable called the bus. Therefore, in effect, each workstation is
directly connected to every other workstation in the network.

16. DESCRIPTION
• Single cable connects all network nodes without intervening
connectivity devices
• Devices share responsibility for getting data from one point to
another
• Terminators stop signals after reaching end of wire
– Prevent signal bounce
• Inexpensive, not very scalable
• Difficult to troubleshoot, not fault-tolerant

17. ADVANTAGES
• Works well for small networks
• Relatively inexpensive to implement
• Easy to add to it

18. DISADVANTAGES
• Management costs can be high
• Potential for congestion with network traffic

19. 3. STAR

20. CONCEPT
• In this topology, there is a central computer or server to which all the
workstations are directly connected. Every workstation is indirectly
connected to every other through the central computer.

21. DESCRIPTION
• Any single cable connects only two devices
– Cabling problems affect two nodes at most
• Requires more cabling than ring or bus networks
– More fault-tolerant
• Easily moved, isolated, or interconnected with other networks
– Scalable
• Supports max of 1024 addressable nodes on logical network

22. ADVANTAGES
• Good option for modern networks
• Low startup costs
• Easy to manage
• Offers opportunities for expansion
• Most popular topology in use; wide variety of equipment available

23. DISADVANTAGES
• Hub is a single point of failure
• Requires more cable than the bus

24. 4. RING

25. CONCEPT
In this topology, the workstations are connected in a closed loop
configuration. Adjacent pairs of workstations are directly
connected. Other pairs of workstations are indirectly connected,
the data passing through one or more intermediate nodes.

26. DESCRIPTION
• Each node is connected to the two nearest nodes so the entire
network forms a circle
• One method for passing data on ring networks is token passing
• Each workstation transmits data

27. ADVANTAGES
• Easier to manage easier to locate a defective node or cable problem
• Well-suited for transmitting signals over long distances on a LAN
• Handles high-volume network traffic
• Enables reliable communication

28. DISADVANTAGES
• Expensive
• Requires more cable and network equipment at the start
• Not used as widely as bus topology
– Fewer equipment options
– Fewer options for expansion to high-speed communication

29. 5. MESH

30. CONCEPT
• In this topology employs either of two schemes, called full mesh
and partial mesh. In the full mesh topology, each workstation is
connected directly to each of the others. In the partial mesh
topology, some workstations are connected to all the others, and
some are connected only to those other nodes with which they
exchange the most data

31. DESCRIPTION
• Each of the network node, computer and other devices, are
interconnected with one another. Every node not only sends its
own signals but also relays data from other nodes. In fact a true
mesh topology is the one where every node is connected to every
other node in the network. This type of topology is very expensive
as there are many redundant connections, thus it is not mostly used
in computer networks. It is commonly used in wireless networks.
Flooding or routing technique is used in mesh topology.

32. ADVANTAGES
• Data can be transmitted from different devices simultaneously. This
topology can withstand high traffic.
• Even if one of the components fails there is always an alternative
present. So data transfer doesn’t get affected.
• Expansion and modification in topology can be done without
disrupting other nodes
.

33. DISADVANTAGES
• There are high chances of redundancy in many of the network
connections.
• Overall cost of this network is way too high as compared to other
topologies.
• Set-up and maintenance of this topology is very difficult. Even
administration of the network is tough.

34. 6. TREE

35. CONCEPT
• In this topology uses two or more star networks connected
together. The central computers of the star networks are connected
to a main bus. Thus, a tree network is a bus network of star
networks.

36. DESCRIPTION
Tree Topology integrates the characteristics of Star and Bus
Topology. Earlier we saw how in Star network Topology, computers
(nodes) are connected by each other through central hub. And we
also saw in Bus Topology, work station devices are connected by the
common cable called Bus. After understanding these two network
configurations, we can understand tree topology better. In Tree
Topology, the number of Star networks are connected using Bus.
This main cable seems like a main stem of a tree, and other star
networks as the branches. It is also called Expanded Star Topology.
Ethernet protocol is commonly used in this type of topology. The
diagram below will make it clear.

37. ADVANTAGES
• It is an extension of Star and bus Topologies, so in networks where
these topologies can't be implemented individually for reasons
related to scalability, tree topology is the best alternative.
• Expansion of Network is possible and easy.
• Here, we divide the whole network into segments (star networks),
which can be easily managed and maintained.
• Error detection and correction is easy.
• Each segment is provided with dedicated point-to-point wiring to
the central hub.
• If one segment is damaged, other segments are not affected.

38. DISADVANTAGES
• Because of its basic structure, tree topology, relies heavily on the
main bus cable, if it breaks whole network is crippled.
• As more and more nodes and segments are added, the
maintenance becomes difficult.
• Scalability of the network depends on the type of cable used.

39. 7.HYBRID

40. CONCEPT
• Hybrid networks use a combination of any two or more topologies,
in such a way that the resulting network does not exhibit one of the
standard topologies (e.g., bus, star, ring, etc.). For example a tree
network connected to a tree network is still a tree network
topology. A hybrid topology is always produced when two different
basic network topologies are connected. Two common examples for
Hybrid network are: star ring network and star bus network

41. ADVANTAGES
• Reliable: Unlike other networks, fault detection and troubleshooting
is easy in this type of topology. The part in which fault is detected can
be isolated from the rest of network and required corrective
measures can be taken, WITHOUT affecting the functioning of rest of
the network.
• Scalable: Its easy to increase the size of network by adding new
components, without disturbing existing architecture.
• Effective: Hybrid topology is the combination of two or more
topologies, so we can design it in such a way that strengths of
constituent topologies are maximized while there weaknesses are
neutralized.

42. DISADVANTAGES
• Complexity of Design: One of the biggest drawback of hybrid
topology is its design. Its not easy to design this type of architecture
and its a tough job for designers. Configuration and installation
process needs to be very efficient.
• Costly Hub: The hubs used to connect two distinct networks, are
very expensive. These hubs are different from usual hubs as they
need to be intelligent enough to work with different architectures
and should be function even if a part of network is down.
• Costly Infrastructure: As hybrid architectures are usually larger in
scale, they require a lot of cables, cooling systems, sophisticate
network devices, etc.

43. LOGICAL TOPOLOGY
• Logical (or signal) topology refers to the nature of the paths the
signals follow from node to node. In many instances, the logical
topology is the same as the physical topology. But this is not always
the case. For example, some networks are physically laid out in a
star configuration, but they operate logically as bus or ring
networks.

44. DESCRIPTION
• Logical topology: how data is transmitted between nodes
– May not match physical topology
• Bus logical topology: signals travel from one network device to all
other devices on network
– Required by bus, star, star-wired physical topologies
• Ring logical topology: signals follow circular path between sender
and receiver
– Required by ring, star-wired ring topologies

45. BIBLIOGRAPHY
&
USEFUL SITES TO LEARN TOPOLOGY
• Techtarget.com
• Slideshare.net
• Wikipedia.org
• Google.com/images (Images sources)
• bit.ly/anonnepal (Writer)
• Ianswer4u.com
• Dreamstime.com (Background Images)

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