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1. NETWORK TOPOLOGY
Made by - GauravYadav
Class - X - D

2. Network Topology
 Network topology is the arrangement of the
various elements (links, nodes, etc.) of a
computer network. Essentially, it is the
topological structure of a network, and may
be depicted physically or logically. Physical
topology refers to the placement of the
network's various components, including
device location and cable installation, while
logical topology shows how data flows within
a network, regardless of its physical design

3. Types Of Network Topology
Topology
Physical
BusStarRingTreeMesh
Logical/
Wireless

4. Types Of Physical Topology
BusTopology
RingTopology
StarTopology
TreeTopology
MeshTopology

5. Bus Topology
 In local area networks where bus topology is used,
each node is connected to a single cable. Each
computer or server is connected to the single bus
cable. A signal from the source travels in both
directions to all machines connected on the bus
cable until it finds the intended recipient. If the
machine address does not match the intended
address for the data, the machine ignores the data.
Alternatively, if the data matches the machine
address, the data is accepted. Since the bus
topology consists of only one wire, it is rather
inexpensive to implement. Terminators stop signals
after reaching end of wire

6.  Advantages-
 Relatively inexpensive to implement
 Easy to install and use.
 Cables are less used then star or ring topology.
 Disadvantages-
 Disorder in any node may lead to failure of entire
data transmission.
 It is difficult to add a new node to the structure.

7. Bus Topology

8. Star topology
 In local area networks with a star topology, each
network host is connected to a central hub with a point-
to-point connection. In Star topology every node
(computer workstation or any other peripheral) is
connected to central node called hub or switch. The
switch is the server and the peripherals are the clients.
The network does not necessarily have to resemble a
star to be classified as a star network, but all of the
nodes on the network must be connected to one central
device. All traffic that traverses the network passes
through the central hub. The hub acts as a signal
repeater. The star topology is considered the easiest
topology to design and implement.

9.  Advantages-
 An advantage of the star topology is the
simplicity of adding additional nodes.
 Good option for modern networks
 Low startup costs
 Easy to manage
 Offers opportunities for expansion
 Most popular topology in use; wide variety of
equipment available
 Disadvantages-
 Hub is a single point of failure
 Requires more cable than the bus

10. Star Topology

11. Ring Topology
 A network topology that is set up in a circular
fashion in which data travels around the ring in one
direction and each device on the ring acts as a
repeater to keep the signal strong as it travels. Each
device incorporates a receiver for the incoming
signal and a transmitter to send the data on to the
next device in the ring. The network is dependent on
the ability of the signal to travel around the ring.
When a device sends data, it must travel through
each device on the ring until it reaches its
destination. Every node is a critical link.

12.  Advantages-
 Easier to manage; easier to locate a defective node
or cable problem
 Handles high-volume network traffic
 Enables reliable communication
 Disadvantage-
 Expensive
 Requires more cable and network equipment at the
start
 Not used as widely as bus topology
 Fewer equipment options

13. Ring Topology

14. Tree Topology
 This particular type of network topology is based
on a hierarchy of nodes. The highest level of any
tree network consists of a single, 'root' node,
this node connected either a single (or, more
commonly, multiple) node(s) in the level below
by (a) point-to-point link(s). These lower level
nodes are also connected to a single or multiple
nodes in the next level down. Each node in the
network has a specific, fixed number of nodes
connected to it at the next lower level in the
hierarchy, this number referred to as the
'branching factor' of the tree

15.  Advantages –
 It is scalable. Secondary nodes allow more devices
to be connected to a central node.
 Point to point connection of devices.
 Having different levels of the network makes it
more manageable hence easier fault identification
and isolation.
 Disadvantages-
 Maintenance of the network may be an issue when
the network spans a great area.
 Since it is a variation of bus topology, if the
backbone fails, the entire network is crippled.

16. Tree Topology

17. Mesh topology
 It is also known as graph topology. In this
topology each node is connected in another node
“Directly". So there is a mesh in the network as
there are so many wires that are connected to
each and every node.
 Fully Connected- A fully connected network is a
communication network in which each of the
nodes is connected to each other. A fully
connected network doesn't need to use switching
nor broadcasting.
 Partially Connected- The type of network
topology in which some of the nodes of the
network are connected to more than one other
node in the network with a point-to-point link.

18. Fully Connected Mesh Topology

19. Partially Connected Mesh Topology

20. Network Operating System
 Network operating systems co-ordinate the
activities of multiple computers across a network
 The two major types of network OS are:
 Peer-to-peer
 Client/server

21. Peer To Peer Network OS
 In peer to peer network OS, there is no file server
or central management source; all computers are
considered equal
 Peer to peer networks are design
primarily for small to medium LANS
 AppleShare andWindows for
Workgroups are examples of
programs that can function
as peer to peer

22. Client/Server Network OS
 Client/server network OS
centralize functions and
applications in one or more
dedicated file servers.
 The file server provides access
to resources and provides
security.
 Novel Netware andWindows
NT Server are examples of
client/server network operating
systems.

23. M.C.Q
 Which is the simplest topology to design and
implement?
 (a)Star topology (b)Ring topology
 Ans. (a)Star topology
 What is the device used to connect different
computer in star topology ?
 (a)Hub (b)Server
 Ans. (a)Hub
 Mesh topology is of _______ types.
 (a)three (b)two
 Ans. (b)two

24.  In case of failure of one node in ring topology the
whole system crashes
 (a)True (b)False
 Ans. (b)False
 In ______topology each node is connected to a
single cable?
 (a)Bus (b)Ring
 Ans.(a)Bus
 There are ______ PhysicalTopologies.
 (a)Four (b)Five
 Ans. (b) Five

25.  Computer which asks for services are ?
 (a)Client (b)Providers
 Ans. (a)Client
 Computer which provide services to the client is
called __________
 a)Client (b)Service Providers
 Ans. (b)Service Provider
 If the hub(in star topology) fails the network also
experience a failure.
 (a)True (b)False
 Ans. (a)True

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