The nervous system consists of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves throughout the body. The nervous system carries messages from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and organs to tell the body what to do. The spinal cord contains bundles of nerves and extends from the neck down the back, with nerves branching out to all parts of the body. The nervous system is made up of neurons, which transmit messages as nerve impulses, and supporting glial cells like astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. The central nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord, while the peripheral nervous system contains all other nerves outside of the central nervous system.

1. Group 2

2. The Nervous System

4. How Nervous System works???

5. Flowchart

6. Nervous Tissue: Structure and Function

8. A. Supporting cells

10. B. Neurons

11. Structure of a typical Neuron

12. Example

16. Example of touch pressure receptor

17. Proprioceptor Pain and pressure receptor

18. Structural Classification of Neurons Multipolar neuron Unipolar neuron Bipolar neuron

19. Functional Classification of Neurons

20. muscle contracts target neuron muscle contract glands secretes

29. Reflexes

30. Central Nervous System

33. The Developing Brain

36. The Major Regions of the Brain

38. Cerebral Cortex

39. Sensory and Motor areas

40. Sensory and motor Functions

41. Protection of the CNS

42. Meninges of the brain

43. Cerebrospinal Fluid

53. Spinal cord with meninges

55. Peripheral Nervous System

60. The Cranial Nerves

62. Spinal Nerves

63. Spinal nerve Plexuses serves internal organs Solar plexus serves the pelvis, buttocks, genitals, thighs, calves, and feet Sacral plexus serves the back, abdomen, groin, thighs, knees, and calves Lumbar plexus serves the chest, shoulders, arms and hands Brachial plexus serves the head, neck and shoulders Cervical plexus

64. Anatomy of Autonomic Nervous System

65. Effects of the Sympathetic and Parasympathetic divisions to Autonomic Nervous System Constricts blood vessels in viscera and skin ; increases blood pressure No effect on most blood vessels Blood vessels Increases rate and force of heartbeat Decreases rate; slows and steadies Heart Decreases urine output No effect Kidneys Constricts sphincters (prevent voiding) Relaxes sphincters (allows voiding) Urinary bladder/ urethra Dilates bronchioles Constricts bronchioles Lungs Causes glucose to be released to blood No effect Liver Decreases activity of digestive system ad constricts digestive system sphincters Increases smooth muscle mobility (peristalsis) and amount of secretion by digestive system glands; relaxes sphincters Digestive system Sympathetic effects Parasympathetic effects Target organ/system

66. Inhibits; result is dry mouth and dry eyes Stimulates; increases production of saliva and tears Glands – salivary, lacrimal Stimulates dilator muscles; dilates pupils Stimulates constrictor muscles; constricts pupils Eye (iris) Inhibits; decreases bulging of lens; prepares for distant vision Stimulates to increase bulging of lens for close vision Eye (ciliary muscle) Stimulates medulla cells to secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine No effect Adrenal medulla Stimulates to produce perspiration No effect Sweat glands of skin Stimulates; produces “ goose bumps” No effect Arrector pili muscles attached to hair follicles Causes ejaculation (emission of semen) Causes erection due to vasodilation Penis Increases metabolic rate; increases blood sugar levels; stimulates fat breakdown No effect Cellular metabolism

67. Distribution of nerves

68. The Reporters

73. Rojas Ainon

74. Regis Suelto Castillo

75. De Castro Venecio

76. End...