Nervous system PPT for grade 10 (basic concepts regarding human nervous system)AzkaSamreen
Human nervous system is highly complex, while reading in higher classes, we often mix up concepts. In this SlideShare I've tried to simplify the material for grade 10 students to better understand the concept.
The detail description about peripheral nervous system, neuron, its covering, types of neuron, synapses, spinal nerves, plexus, and more about cranial nerves at last not the least about somatic and autonomic nervous system. you may also find the information about types of peripheral nervous system in detail.
It includes NERVOUSSYSTEM CLASSIIFCATION; PARTS OF CEREBUM & FUNCTIOS; PARS OF CEREBELLUM & FUCTIONS ; PATS OF BRAIN STEM & THEIR FUNCTION WITH CRANIAL NERVES
Nervous system PPT for grade 10 (basic concepts regarding human nervous system)AzkaSamreen
Human nervous system is highly complex, while reading in higher classes, we often mix up concepts. In this SlideShare I've tried to simplify the material for grade 10 students to better understand the concept.
The detail description about peripheral nervous system, neuron, its covering, types of neuron, synapses, spinal nerves, plexus, and more about cranial nerves at last not the least about somatic and autonomic nervous system. you may also find the information about types of peripheral nervous system in detail.
It includes NERVOUSSYSTEM CLASSIIFCATION; PARTS OF CEREBUM & FUNCTIOS; PARS OF CEREBELLUM & FUCTIONS ; PATS OF BRAIN STEM & THEIR FUNCTION WITH CRANIAL NERVES
This slides gives a brief description about the structure of neuron, information flow in neurons and also how transcription takesplace and protein synthesis in the cell. This presentation also explain the types of glia and non glial cells.
The action potential travels from one location in the cell to another, but ion flow across the membrane occurs only at the nodes of Ranvier. As a result, the action potential signal jumps along the axon, from node to node, rather than propagating smoothly, as they do in axons that lack a myelin sheath.
Function of Dendrites. In order for neurons to become active, they must receive action potentials or other stimuli. Dendrites are the structures on the neuron that receive electrical messages. These messages come in two basic forms: excitatory and inhibitory.
The Cell body (soma) is the factory of the neuron. It produces all the proteins for the dendrites, axons and synaptic terminals and contains specialized organelles such as the mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, secretory granules, ribosomes and polysomes to provide energy and make the parts, as well as a production line to assemble the parts into completed products.
Nerve supply of head & neck by Dr. Amit Suryawanshi .Oral & Maxillofacial ...All Good Things
Description:
Hi. This is Dr. Amit T. Suryawanshi. Oral & Maxillofacial surgeon from Pune, India. I am here on slideshare.com to share some of my own presentations presented at various levels in the field of OMFS. Hope this would somehow be helpful to you making your presentations. All the best & your replies are welcomed!
Nerve supply of head & neck by Dr. Amit T. Suryawanshi, Oral Surgeon, Pune All Good Things
Hi. This is Dr. Amit T. Suryawanshi. Oral & Maxillofacial surgeon from Pune, India. I am here on slideshare.com to share some of my own presentations presented at various levels in the field of OMFS. Hope this would somehow be helpful to you making your presentations. All the best.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
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MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
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Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
Human nervous system
1.
2. Essential Understandings
Describe the basic structure of a neuron, and compare the functions of the
three classes of neurons.
Explain how a nerve impulse is transmitted across a chemical synapse
List the major regions of the brain and the main functions of each region.
Describe the overall anatomy of the peripheral nervous system, including the
cranial nerves and spinal nerves.
Explain how the somatic system differs from the autonomic system.
Contrast the overall functions of the sympathetic and para-sympathetic
divisions of the autonomic nervous system.
List all tissues that light passes through from when it enters the eye until it is
converted into a nerve impulse.
Discuss the role of rods and cones in transducing a light stimulus into a nerve
impulse
Distinguish the parts of the ear that make up the outer ear, middle ear, and
inner ear.
Describe the mechanism by which sound waves in the outer ear are converted
into nerve impulses in the inner ear.
3. Regulation Processes by which a stable internal environment is kept.
Regulation is brought about by the Nervous and Endocrine system.
Neuron Cell specialized in transmitting impulses – a nerve cell
Dendrites part of nerve cell that receives impulses, towards the cell body
Axon carries impulses away from the cell body of a neuron
Terminal Branches The axons end that is in contact with another cell.
Synapse The GAP between the terminal branch and another cell.
Neurotransmitters Chemicals released from the tip of an axon into the
synapse when a nerve impulse arrives;
may stimulate or inhibit the next neuron
4. Nerves A bundle of axons or fibers, bound together.
Sensory neurons carry signals from receptors & transmit
information to brain and spinal cord
Motor neurons carry signals from central nervous system to the
muscles and glands.
Inter neurons process signals from one sensory neurons and relay
signals to motor neurons.
Receptors receive stimuli from the environment. The sense organs
Effectors A muscle or a gland that responds to a stimuli.
Reflex arc Pathway of sensory receptors ,neurons, effector(s)
that participate in a reflex
5. Central Nervous system (CNS)
Cerebrum part of the forebrain, associated with higher functions,
including language and abstract thought
Cerebellum concerned with fine motor coordination and body
movement, posture, and balance;
Medulla The region of the brain that, controls heart rate, constriction
and dilation of blood vessels, respiration, and digestion.
Spinal Cord receives sensory information and sends output motor signals;
with the brain, forms the central nervous system.
Peripheral nervous system
Somatic Nervous system -neurons that connect the CNS to skeletal
muscles (voluntary), the skin & sense organs
Autonomic nervous system Serves the internal organs of the body,
Usually no voluntary control. Ex. breathing
Malfunctions: Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, Multiple Sclerosis, stroke…
9. Nucleus
More information
Dendrites
axon
Synapse
Myelin Sheath
Terminal Branch
10.
11.
12.
13. How many neurons (nerve cells) are in the brain? How big are they?
It is estimated that there are 100 billion (100,000,000,000) neurons
in the human brain. To get an idea of how many 100 billion is, think
of this:
Assume that you were going to count all 100 billion cells at a rate of
1 cell per second. How long would it take you to count all 100 billion
cells? Calculations say it would take about 3,171 years!!!.
14.
15.
16. Central Nervous System
brain spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous System
cranial nerves spinal nerves
sensory fibers motor fibers
somatic nervous autonomic nervous
system (to skeletal system (to smooth
muscles) muscle, cardiac
muscle, and glands)
sympathetic parasympathetic
division division
17. Peripheral Nervous System
Any neurons outside of the CNS.
Sensory Division –
bringsin stimuli from external environment
monitors status of internal environment
Motor Division –
Somatic – carries signals to skeletal muscles
Autonomic – coordinates functions of organs and
helps maintain homeostasis.
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic
Oftenhave opposite effects on the body.
One system stimulates, the other inhibits
23. Main Parts of the Eye
Cornea – light enters, transparent layer of cells
Aqueous Humor – in anterior chamber, light passes
through
Iris – colored part; regulates size of pupil
Pupil – black dot; opening; light enters inner eye
Lens – behind pupil; focuses light onto retina
Vitreous Humor – fluid behind lens
Retina – has photoreceptors
Rods – black and white; extremely sensitive to light
Cones – color, less sensitive to light. Concentrated in the
FOVEA.
Optic Nerve – Carries impulses to the brain.
Sclera and Choroid – outer layers of the eye
25. Outer Ear
Auricle (Pinna) – visible part of the ear.
Collects sound
Auditory Canal – sound enters,
ear canal
Tympanum(eardrum) -
membrane. Vibrates
26. Middle Ear
Hammer(malleus) – bone…attached to
eardrum…accepts vibrations and
passes them to
Anvil(incus) – bone – accepts
vibrations and passes them to
Stirrup(stapes) = bone – accepts
vibrations and passes them to the Oval
Window
27. Inner Ear
Oval Window – attached to stirrup…
creates pressure waves in the cochlea
Cochlea - snail like. Fluid filled. Lined
with tiny sensory cilia that produce
nerve impulse…….taken to the…
Auditory Nerve(cochlear nerve) – takes
impulse to the brain
29. BALANCE
Semicircular Canals – helps CNS maintain
balance and your sense of equilibrium.
Filled with fluid…lined with ciliary sensory
nerves.
When your head changes position, the
hairs sense and send impulses to the
brain.
30. TASTE AND SMELL
Smell – chemoreceptor in the lining of
the nasal passages.
Taste – taste buds on the tongue.
Sensitivity to taste varies on the area of
the tongue.
Sweet, sour, bitter, salty.
31.
32.
33. Touch
Not found in one particular place.
All skin regions are sensitive to touch.
Temperature (Hot and Cold), Pain,
Pressure, light touch.
Greatest concentration of touch
receptors: face, hand, toes