Nephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder characterized by proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, edema, and hyperlipidemia. It is caused by damage to the glomeruli in the kidneys that results in excessive protein loss in the urine. The main types are idiopathic, secondary, congenital, and infantile. Treatment involves controlling edema, preventing infections, maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance, and administering steroids or immunosuppressants to reduce proteinuria. Nursing care focuses on monitoring for complications, preventing infections due to immunosuppression, managing fluid and electrolytes, providing emotional support, and health education.