Natural Causes of Extinctions
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Natural Causes of Extinction
This document discusses the natural causes of extinction and characteristics of species vulnerable to extinction. It identifies seven natural causes: 1) genetics and demographics, 2) uncontrolled predation, 3) coextinction, 4) mass extinction, 5) climatic heating and cooling, 6) change in sea levels, and 7) acid rain. It also lists six characteristics of species vulnerable to extinction, including large species with low reproduction, species with high economic value, species at the end of long food chains, species restricted to local habitats, highly specialized species, and migratory species.
Biodiversity and Evolution
Causes of Species Extinction
There are several threats that can lead to species extinction, including habitat destruction, pollution, overharvesting, and human overpopulation. Deforestation due to kaingin farming and illegal logging destroys wildlife habitats in the Philippines. Water pollution from garbage, factories, and agricultural runoff causes eutrophication and fish kills. Air pollution from vehicle emissions produces smog and acid rain. Coastal destruction from activities like mining, fishing, and development damages coral reefs and mangrove forests. Climate change from greenhouse gas emissions raises global temperatures and endangers many species. Conservation efforts are needed to achieve sustainable development and protect biodiversity.
Species extinction
This document discusses mass extinction events that have occurred throughout history. It provides details on 5 major extinction events, including their timing in millions of years ago and potential causes such as asteroid impacts, volcanic activity, climate change from glaciation or warming. The document also discusses various factors that can lead to species extinction, including climate change, changes in sea levels/currents, asteroids/cosmic radiation, acid rain, disease, invasive species, habitat loss, pollution, and human population growth.
Evidence for evolution
This document provides evidence for evolution from 5 areas of scientific study: the fossil record, comparative anatomy, comparative embryology, molecular biology, and biogeography. Each area is summarized briefly: the fossil record shows transitional forms; comparative anatomy examines homologous, analogous, and vestigial structures; comparative embryology shows similarities in development of related species; molecular biology compares DNA/protein sequences; and biogeography looks at species distribution and examples of divergent and convergent evolution.
Evidences of evolution
The document discusses four main categories of evidence for evolution: the fossil record, biochemical evidence, comparative anatomy, and observable events. It describes examples for each category, such as fossils showing gradual changes over time, similarities in genetic codes and proteins between organisms, homologous and vestigial structures, and studies observing evolutionary changes like beak size shifts in Darwin's finches. Overall, the document outlines the key types of evidence that support the theory of evolution through natural selection.
Specice extinction
The seminar covered the topics of species extinction including defining extinction, estimating the number of species on Earth, the rates of species loss, the timing and causes of extinctions. Natural causes include climate change, changes in sea levels or currents, asteroids, and disease. Human causes were identified as climate change, increased human population, habitat destruction and fragmentation, and trade in endangered species. Facts presented included that over 16,000 species are threatened and the current extinction rate is estimated to be 1,000 to 10,000 times higher than the natural background rate. Some easy actions people can take to help endangered species were also outlined.
Causes of extinction
Biodiversity loss and species extinction can occur through natural causes or human disruption of the environment. Natural causes include evolution, asteroid impacts, volcanic eruptions, and plate tectonics, which can destroy habitats. Human disruption involves activities like habitat destruction, climate change, overhunting, pollution, and warfare, which have accelerated species extinction, especially in the Pleistocene and Holocene epochs as human populations and impacts expanded. Conservation efforts aim to protect vulnerable and endangered species from extinction.
Anthropogenic Extinction
Human activities such as increased population, habitat destruction, pollution, and climate change are reducing biodiversity and causing species extinction. Habitat fragmentation and introducing foreign species that outcompete native species also negatively impact biodiversity. Specific human factors driving biodiversity decline mentioned in the document include deforestation in the Philippines, bottom trawling fishing techniques that damage ocean habitats, and pesticide pollution affecting predatory bird populations.
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Natural Causes of Extinction
This document discusses the natural causes of extinction and characteristics of species vulnerable to extinction. It identifies seven natural causes: 1) genetics and demographics, 2) uncontrolled predation, 3) coextinction, 4) mass extinction, 5) climatic heating and cooling, 6) change in sea levels, and 7) acid rain. It also lists six characteristics of species vulnerable to extinction, including large species with low reproduction, species with high economic value, species at the end of long food chains, species restricted to local habitats, highly specialized species, and migratory species.
Biodiversity and Evolution
Causes of Species Extinction
There are several threats that can lead to species extinction, including habitat destruction, pollution, overharvesting, and human overpopulation. Deforestation due to kaingin farming and illegal logging destroys wildlife habitats in the Philippines. Water pollution from garbage, factories, and agricultural runoff causes eutrophication and fish kills. Air pollution from vehicle emissions produces smog and acid rain. Coastal destruction from activities like mining, fishing, and development damages coral reefs and mangrove forests. Climate change from greenhouse gas emissions raises global temperatures and endangers many species. Conservation efforts are needed to achieve sustainable development and protect biodiversity.
Species extinction
This document discusses mass extinction events that have occurred throughout history. It provides details on 5 major extinction events, including their timing in millions of years ago and potential causes such as asteroid impacts, volcanic activity, climate change from glaciation or warming. The document also discusses various factors that can lead to species extinction, including climate change, changes in sea levels/currents, asteroids/cosmic radiation, acid rain, disease, invasive species, habitat loss, pollution, and human population growth.
Evidence for evolution
This document provides evidence for evolution from 5 areas of scientific study: the fossil record, comparative anatomy, comparative embryology, molecular biology, and biogeography. Each area is summarized briefly: the fossil record shows transitional forms; comparative anatomy examines homologous, analogous, and vestigial structures; comparative embryology shows similarities in development of related species; molecular biology compares DNA/protein sequences; and biogeography looks at species distribution and examples of divergent and convergent evolution.
Evidences of evolution
The document discusses four main categories of evidence for evolution: the fossil record, biochemical evidence, comparative anatomy, and observable events. It describes examples for each category, such as fossils showing gradual changes over time, similarities in genetic codes and proteins between organisms, homologous and vestigial structures, and studies observing evolutionary changes like beak size shifts in Darwin's finches. Overall, the document outlines the key types of evidence that support the theory of evolution through natural selection.
Specice extinction
The seminar covered the topics of species extinction including defining extinction, estimating the number of species on Earth, the rates of species loss, the timing and causes of extinctions. Natural causes include climate change, changes in sea levels or currents, asteroids, and disease. Human causes were identified as climate change, increased human population, habitat destruction and fragmentation, and trade in endangered species. Facts presented included that over 16,000 species are threatened and the current extinction rate is estimated to be 1,000 to 10,000 times higher than the natural background rate. Some easy actions people can take to help endangered species were also outlined.
Causes of extinction
Biodiversity loss and species extinction can occur through natural causes or human disruption of the environment. Natural causes include evolution, asteroid impacts, volcanic eruptions, and plate tectonics, which can destroy habitats. Human disruption involves activities like habitat destruction, climate change, overhunting, pollution, and warfare, which have accelerated species extinction, especially in the Pleistocene and Holocene epochs as human populations and impacts expanded. Conservation efforts aim to protect vulnerable and endangered species from extinction.
Anthropogenic Extinction
Human activities such as increased population, habitat destruction, pollution, and climate change are reducing biodiversity and causing species extinction. Habitat fragmentation and introducing foreign species that outcompete native species also negatively impact biodiversity. Specific human factors driving biodiversity decline mentioned in the document include deforestation in the Philippines, bottom trawling fishing techniques that damage ocean habitats, and pesticide pollution affecting predatory bird populations.
Biodiversity and evolution
This document discusses the causes of species extinction, including deforestation, pollution, habitat destruction, and overpopulation. It defines key terms like biodiversity, extinction, and species. Several human activities are highlighted as contributing to extinction, such as illegal logging, kaingin farming, water pollution from domestic waste and factories, air pollution from vehicles, and destruction of coastal ecosystems through dynamite fishing and development. The greenhouse effect and climate change are also discussed as global issues exacerbating extinction. In summary, the document outlines the biological concepts of extinction and biodiversity before examining various human-caused threats driving increased species loss.
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This document discusses biodiversity and population ecology. It defines biodiversity as the variety of life forms in an ecosystem. Organisms have economic, ecological, and aesthetic value. They are important for ecosystem balance and provide goods like food, medicine, clothing, and energy. The document also discusses population size, birth and death rates, carrying capacity, and factors that influence populations like resources, natural disasters, competition, predation, and diseases. It notes that the Philippines has high biodiversity but it is threatened by habitat loss and overexploitation of resources.
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3. Factors that affect species diversity include speciation, extinction, migration, habitat destruction, and the introduction of invasive species. Speciation occurs through geographic isolation or reductions in gene flow. Extinction can be caused by overharvesting, pollution, and habitat loss.
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- Commensalism is a relationship where one organism benefits without affecting the other, like barnacles on a whale.
- Mutualism benefits both organisms, such as birds eating pests off a rhino's back.
- Parasitism benefits one organism while harming the other, for example ticks on a dog.
Species extinction, and Natural Selection
The document discusses five major mass extinction events in Earth's history:
1) The Ordovician mass extinction occurred 440 million years ago and was likely caused by global cooling and reduced sea levels.
2) The Devonian mass extinction 350 million years ago caused the extinction of many tropical marine species and was due to changes in sea level and ocean anoxia.
3) The Permian-Triassic mass extinction 250 million years ago was the largest mass extinction ever and was caused by acid rain following massive volcanic gas release.
4) The Triassic-Jurassic mass extinction 210 million years ago allowed dinosaurs to flourish after other vertebrates went extinct, caused by climate change and rising sea levels from carbon dioxide
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The geological time scale records 4.6 billion years of Earth's history divided into eras, periods, and epochs based on studying rock layers and fossils. It begins with the Precambrian era which covers 88% of Earth's history. The timescale includes the Paleozoic era of ancient life dominated by invertebrates like trilobites; the Mesozoic era of middle life dominated by dinosaurs and the breakup of Pangaea; and the ongoing Cenozoic era of recent life dominated by mammals including the evolution of humans.
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Climate change is having several negative effects globally and locally. Rising temperatures are reducing crop yields in equatorial regions like Tanzania and Mozambique. India could lose 50% of its agricultural land due to desertification. Sea levels have risen 3.3mm between 1993-2006 and are projected to rise 88cm by 2100, putting low-lying coastal cities like London at risk of flooding. Retreating glaciers due to higher temperatures could disrupt ocean currents and lower temperatures in northern Europe. Locally in the UK, sea level rise threatens coastal areas and an example is London. Other countries facing impacts include Pacific islands like the Maldives already dealing with higher sea levels.
4215753.ppt
This document discusses global warming and its impacts on Pakistan. It first provides background on greenhouse gases and how they contribute to global warming by trapping heat in the atmosphere. It then discusses how Pakistan has experienced impacts from climate change, including severe monsoon flooding in 2010 that displaced millions of people, melting glaciers that will lead to water shortages and drought, and rising sea levels that threaten coastal areas. The document concludes that Pakistan is highly vulnerable to climate change impacts and is rated among the countries most at risk by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
Climate change &global warming
Climate changes due global warming there effect and Mitigation approaches for Global warming ,Human causes (Man made causes)
Mass extinction
Mass extinctions are periods in Earth's history when abnormally large numbers of species die out simultaneously or within a limited time frame
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Impacts of climate change on wildlife A Presentation By Mr. Allah dad Khan V...
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Tectonics preparedness slides
Fold mountains form along convergent plate boundaries where rock layers are compressed and fold upwards. Major fold mountains include the Rocky Mountains, Himalayas, and Alps. Rift valleys form along divergent boundaries as the plates pull apart, causing the land between them to drop down. Block mountains occur when sections of crust are pulled apart, leaving blocks behind with steep sides. Volcanoes form at divergent and convergent boundaries, with magma building shield volcanoes with gentle slopes or composite volcanoes with layered eruptions. Earthquakes occur along fault lines as tectonic plates slip past each other, potentially causing damage over large areas through shaking, tsunamis, fires, landslides and infrastructure disruption.
CLIMATE CHANGE , GLOBAL WARMING ES-II PRESENTATION.pptx
Climate change is causing long-term alterations to temperature and weather patterns globally and locally. The document discusses several effects of climate change in India, including increased temperatures throughout the country, changes in rainfall patterns, more frequent and intense cyclones, sea level rise, variability in water supply from glacial retreat and changes in monsoon patterns, impacts on agriculture and food production, forests and ecosystems, and human health. Climate change poses significant risks and challenges for India's environment, economy and population.
8.wild life and impacts of climate change on wildlife
A series of Presentation ByMr Allah Dad Khan Special Consultant NRM , Former DG Agriculture Extension KPK Province , Visiting Professor the University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan allahdad52@gmail.com
DRRR – Other Geological Hazards
Hello! I've created this PowerPoint presentation as a requisite in Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction subject during SY 2019–2020.
Other Geological Hazards
- Bolide Impact
- Ground Subsidence
- Coastal Erosion
Should you need a .pptx file, kindly email me at rd.chrxlr@gmail.com.
Natural resources
The document discusses the biosphere and its components - atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere. It describes the layers of the atmosphere and its role in regulating climate and temperature. It discusses air pollution and its effects. It explains how the hydrosphere in the form of oceans, rivers, etc. is essential for life. The lithosphere comprises the crust and upper mantle, and the breakdown of rocks over time forms soil. Biogeochemical cycles such as the water, nitrogen, carbon, and oxygen cycles are also summarized.
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Natural Causes of Extinctions
- 2. Climate Change • Alternate heating and cooling of Earth • The Biodiversity of Earth and cannot keep up with the rapid changes of temperature and climate, that may lead to the extinction of animals.
- 3. Changes in Sea Level or Currents • It is the rising and lower of the sea level • It has a huge impact on marine life • It could disrupt weather patterns that could affect terrestrial life
- 4. Asteroid or Comet Impact • An impact from an enormous asteroid or comet could disrupt the food chains • It also produces dust and other particles that could prohibit photosynthesis • It could also cause earthquakes, mega- tsunamis and forest fires
- 5. Hydrogen Sulfide Emission • Hydrogen Sulfide – A colorless, flammable and poisonous gas used in paper and pulp industries • It can be caused by deep-water sulfade bacteria • Can poison life on both land and sea
- 6. Gamma Ray Burst • A nearby gamma-ray burst that is 6000 light years away can affect Earth • It is powerful enough to destroy the ozone layer of the Earth • It would expose the Earth from the sun’s ultraviolet radiation
- 7. Geomagnetic Reversal • It is the magnetic reversal of the Earth’s magnetic field • It can weaken the Earth’s magnetic field • It can expose the Earth from the solar winds coming from the sun • It can result to a disastrous drop of oxygen on Earth
- 8. Disease or Epidemic • With the changing of the climate and the landscape, organisms are losing the ability to defend itself from harmful diseases or epidemic • They can be now affected by the diseases • This can lead to their own extinction