This document discusses biodiversity and ecosystems. It explains that species diversity increases adaptation and survival during environmental changes. Population growth follows a logistic curve as it approaches the carrying capacity of the environment. Maintaining biodiversity provides direct economic, indirect economic, and aesthetic value. It also contributes to ecosystem stability by increasing resilience to environmental changes.

1. COSTEMSEY

2. ECOSYSTEM:
BIODIVERSITY

3. Objectives
1. Explain how species diversity
increases the probability of
adaptation and survival of
organisms in changing
environments.
2. Explain the relationship between
population growth and carrying
capacity.
3. Suggest ways to minimize impact
on the environment.

4. Ecosystem
Is the community of living
things interacting with the
environment

5. Biodiversity
A term that describes how varied
living things are in a specific area.
Organisms are part of biodiversity
and may be economically and
ecologically valuable.

6. Value of species:
1. Direct economic value
If their products are sources
of food, medicine, clothing,
shelter and energy. For
example are medicines
extracted from plants.

7. Value of species:
2. Indirect economic value
If there are benefits
produced by the organism
w/out using them. For
example certain species
cycle materials in the soil
and absorb pollutants.

8. Value of species:
3. Aesthetic value
A lot of species provides
visual or artistic enjoyment,
like a forested landscape
and the calming beauty of a
natural park; or they may be
used for spiritual meditation
like the Prayer Mountains. 

9. Stability
Resilience to withstand
changes that may occur in the
environment. There are many
changes that occur in the
environment which may be a
result of natural or human
activities. These changes may
severely reduce biodiversity
and result to the instability of
the ecosystem.

10. Population
a group of organisms of the
same species that live in a
certain area.
Ecologists regularly monitor the
number of organisms in many
populations

11. Birth Rate
Number of births in a
population.
Death/Mortality Rate
Number of deaths that are
dying in a population. 

12. Population density refers to
the number of organisms per
unit area. If a population’s
density is very high, that
means there are a lot of
organisms crowded into a
certain area. If a population’s
density is low, that means
there are very few organisms

13. 

14. Carrying Capacity
Each population of organisms has
a different carrying capacity,
depending on the amount of
resources available in the area in
which it lives.
Before a population reaches its
carrying capacity, it experiences a
period of rapid growth. This period
of growth is called exponential

15. Carrying Capacity
population growth.
During this period, there are plenty
of resources available for all
organisms, so more births are
recorded than deaths in organisms.

16. When resources are unlimited, populations
exhibit exponential growth, resulting in a J-
shaped curve. When resources are limited,
populations exhibit logistic growth. In logistic
growth, population expansion decreases as
resources become scarce, and it levels off when
the carrying capacity of the environment is
reached, resulting in an S-shaped curve. 

17. Limiting Factors
1. Biotic Factors
Any living thing in an
ecosystem. Examples are
plants, animals and bacteria.
2. Abiotic Factors
 Non-living things in an
ecosystem. Examples are the
sunlight, water, and rocks

18. Limiting Factors
1. Density-independent
such things as natural
disasters, temperature,
sunlight, and the activities of
humans in the environment.
Most of this factors are abiotic
or non living.

19. Limiting Factors
2. Density-dependent
For example, when a population
reaches a certain size, there
won’t be enough resources (food,
shelter, water) for all of the
organisms. This could cause the
population to stop growing when it
reaches the maximum number of
organisms that can be supported,

20. Limiting Factors
2. Density-dependent
 by the environment. This number
is known as the population’s
carrying capacity in a particular
environment.

21. Limiting Factors that depend on
Population Density

22. Ecosystem
1. Manmade ecosystem
A lot of time and money to be
spend in to maintain stability
and productivity.
2. Natural ecosystem?
Energy and materials in the
environment evolved and
developed by themselves.

23. Environmental
Problems and Issues