This document discusses different types of species diversity. It defines species as a group that can mate and produce fertile offspring. Species diversity refers to the number and variety of life forms in an area. There are generalist species that can live in many environments and eat many foods, and specialist species that live in narrow niches and are more vulnerable to extinction. Native species evolved in a particular area, while nonnative species were introduced. Indicator species signal ecosystem damage, and keystone species have large impacts on environments despite small populations. Foundation species help create and reshape habitats for other organisms.

2. Species Diversity

3. What is species?
• A set of individuals having the same distinct
characteristics and able to mate and produce fertile
offspring.

4. Species Diversity
• The number and variety of life
forms present in a biological
community
• About 8.7 million organism in our
diversity
Species Richness – is the number of
different kinds of species in a
particular are.
Species evenness- is the abundance of
the individual members within a
particular species

5. Types of Species Based on General Ecological
Niche
Ecological Niche- is the sum total of
the way of life of a species including
its survival, feeding, and
reproductive abilities.
Generalist Species- have broad way of
life, can live in a variety of
environments, eat many kinds of
different foods, often can tolerate a
wide range of environmental
conditions and produce more
young.
Ex. Cockroaches, rats and man

6. Specialist species- live in a narrow
niche
- They are able to live in one habitat,
eat a specific food, sensitive to
changes in the environment and
usually produce new offspring
Ex. Panda bears- which eats only
specific bamboo plant in china
Flamingo- which eat a specific
crustacean
• These species are more vulnerable
to extinction because of its limited
survival characteristics

7. Types of Species Based on Specific Ecological
niche
Native species- endemic or local
- Are organisms that can only be
found in one place and
nowhere else
Ex. Philippine tamaraw (Bubalus
mindorensis)
Philippine Tarsier- the smallest
primate in the world (Tarsius
syrichta)
Philippine bamboo bat- the
smallest bat in the world
(Tylonycteris pachypus)

8. Nonnative species- exotic, invasive or alien
-are species that migrates either
accidentally or deliberately introduced
into a new ecosystem
Ex. Golden Apple Snail or Golden Kuhol
(Pomacea canaliculata) – was
introduced deliberately in the
Philippines as an additional income to
farmers.
- Today the Golden Kuhol is one of
perennial pests in our rice paddies
Tilapia- is in fact not native to the
Philippines but rather originated from
Africa

9. Indicator Species- are species that act as biological smoke
alarms because they give out warningsignals to other
species of some damage to an ecosystem.
Ex. Birds and frog are excellent indicator species
• Approximately 70% of the 10,000 known bird species of
the worlds are declining due to human activities.
• A recent decline in frog population has been suspected
due to Global warming

10. Keystone Species- Exist only in limited numbers but
their effect on the environment is great.
- They perform roles such as controlling the
population of other species by eating sick and the
old members
Ex. Sharks and alligators

11. Foundation Species- are organisms that helps create
and reshape habitats and ecosystems.
Ex. Beaver makes dams as a protected area where it
lives but the newly formed habitat also house other
organisms such as birds, fish and insect