The document discusses evolution as a long-term change process and defines biodiversity as the variety of life on Earth. It explains various types of fossils, including mold, cast, trace, and true form fossils, as well as methods for dating them such as relative, radiometric, and carbon dating. Additionally, it introduces key terms related to paleontology and fossilization, illustrated through a narrative about Ricky finding fossils in sedimentary rock.

1. Biodiversity and
Evolution Prepared by:
LILY ROSEMARY L.
MASILANG

2. What is
evolution?
Evolution is the
process of change over a
long period of time.

3. What is biodiversity?
a contraction of "biological diversity,"
generally refers to the variety and variability of
life on Earth.

4. What is a fossil?
Fossils are ancient remnants of once living things.
They are our only links to the past.
They tell us of ancient environments and organism
habits.
Many times they are used used to help distinguish
periods of geologic time

5. Compression fossils
are fossil preserved in sedimentary rocks that
have undergone physical compression.

6. Impression fossils
Are created from organic matter being
impressed in material like clay.

7. Two categories of Fossils:
1. FOSSILIZED
BODY PARTS
2. FOSSILIZED
TRACES

8. Four Types of Fossils
1. Mold Fossils- a fossilized impression made
in the substrate—a negative image of an organism.
2. Cast Fossils- formed when a mold is filled
in.
3. Trace Fossils- or ichnofossils are
fossilized nest gastroliths, burrows, footprints etc.
4. True Form Fossil- fossils of the actual
animal or plant part.

9. Cast fossil
Mold fossil
True form fossil

10. Methods in Determining the age of
a Fossil
1. Relative
Dating- a method
used to determine
the age of the rocks
by comparing them
with the rocks in the
other layer.

11. 2. Radiometric Dating- is a method used to
determine the age of rocks using the decay of
radioisotopes present in rocks.
3. Carbon Dating- used to tell the age of an
organic material.
Methods in Determining the age of
a Fossil

12. Thank you for
listening!!!!!!!!

13. Fascinating Fossils
Fossils – Remains of ancient life that have been turned to stone
Body Fossil – Actual parts of plants and animals that have been turned
to stone (i.e. bone, shells, leaves)
Coprolite – Fossilized dinosaur dung (scat)
Fossilization – Process by which the remains of ancient living things are
turned to rock
Paleontologist – A scientist who studies fossils and ancient life
Sedimentary Rock – Rock made of layers of tightly packed sand and
clay
Sandstone – A type of sedimentary rock that is made of sand
Trace Fossil – A fossilized sign that a plant or animal once lived in an
area (i.e. footprints, coprolite)
Porous – Full of tiny holes that water, air, and light can pass through

14. Ricky, a famous p ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
___ ___ ___ ___ t , was hiking in Darawan searching for f
___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___, which are remains of ancient life
that have turned to stone. All of a sudden the ground shook beneath
him. Ricky ran over a hill and saw that there had been a huge
landslide. He went over to look at the piles of rocks and saw layers of
s ___ ___ ___ s ___ ___ ___ ___, a type of
sedimentary rock. Fossils are found in sandstone, so Ricky was
excited to search through the rocks! Just as he began to dig, he found
fossilized bones. The bones had turned to stone through a process
called ___ ___ s s ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
___ ___. Ricky saw that the fossils belonged to an Apatosaurus.
These bones are examples of b ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
___ i l ___, which are fossilized parts of plants and
animals. Ricky hiked further up the mountain and found fossilized
dinosaur dung, called c ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
___. He also found a huge footprint, which is an example of a t
___ ___ ___ ___ f ___ ___ ___ ___ ___. Ricky
carefully removed the fossils from the rocks and donated them to a

17. Answers:
Paleontologist
Fossils
Sandstone
Fossilization
Body Fossils
Coprolite
Trace Fossils