The document provides definitions and foundational concepts of anthropology, political science, and sociology, highlighting their focus areas and key theorists. Anthropology studies human societies, culture, and behavior, while political science examines governance and political practices, and sociology investigates social relationships and changes. Each discipline emphasizes understanding the human condition, societal organization, and the complexities of political and social interactions.

1. DEFINITION OF
ANTHROPOLOGY, POLITICAL
SCIENCE AND SOCIOLOGY
Understanding Culture, Society and Politics

2. ANTHROPOLOGY
Came from the Greek words:
Anthropos and Logos which means
“study of man”
It is the scientific study of humans,
human behavior and societies
“Study of what makes us human”

3. ANTHROPOLOGY
Social Anthropology – branch of
anthropology concerned with the study
of human societies and culture and
their development

4. ANTHROPOLOGY
Cultural Anthropology – branch of
anthropology that emerged in the 19th
century and it was concerned with the
study of the cultural variation around
the world

5. ANTHROPOLOGY
Its main goal or objective is to deeply
understand the human condition (our
past, present and future or how can
our actions determine our well-being)

6. ANTHROPOLOGY
Franz Boas – credited as the “Father
of American Anthropology”. He was
one of the main proponents who
rejected the idea of cultural relativism,
or ranking of cultures. He also
observed that the human body is a
subject to change.

7. ANTHROPOLOGY
Lewis Henry Morgan – he accepted
the idea of monogenesis (human race
came from a single ancestor or
source).
Three Stages of Society According
to Morgan:
1. Savagery
2. Barbarianism
3. Civilization

8. ANTHROPOLOGY
Sir James George Frazer – he was a
Scottish anthropologist that focuses
his works on religion and folklore
Three Stages of Society’s belief
According to Frazer:
1. Primitive or Folk Magic
2. Religion
3. Science

9. POLITICAL
SCIENCE
It is the scientific study of governance
and the practice of politics at the local,
national and international level using
empirical and scientific methods

10. POLITICAL
SCIENCE
Political Philosophy – a branch of
political science that deals with the
questions: What form of the
government is most appropriate?
What are the rights that a state must
protect? And many other related
questions

11. POLITICAL
SCIENCE
Magna Carta Libertatum – a very
important document agreed by King
John of England that states the right of
protest against a ruler for the sake of
justice

12. SOCIOLOGY
It is the scientific study of society,
societal changes, patterns of social
relationships and social interactions
Emmanuel-Joseph Sieyes –
introduced the term “sociology”

13. AREAS OF
SOCIOLOGY
1. Social Organization
2. Social Psychology
3. Social Change
4. Human Ecology
5. Population and Demographics
6. Applied Sociology
7. Sociological Methods and Research

14. SOCIOLOGY
The main goal of sociology is to study
the social problems and human affairs
through different scientific methods

15. SOCIOLOGY
Two Stages of Societal
Relationships (According to
Herbert Spencer)
1.Militant Society – observes
hierarchy and obedience
2.Industrial Society – observes
voluntariness and conformed to
social obligations