Methods to Synthesis & Applications

1. BIO-NANO SILVER
BULLET
Dr. Sneha Paul
Executive-Medical team
Spi-Global
Methods to Synthesis & Applications

2. Nanotechnology originates from the Greek word meaning
“dwarf”. A nanometer is one billionth (109) of a meter, which is
tiny, only the length of ten hydrogen atoms, or about one hundred
thousandth of the width of a hair!.
In simple terms, nanotechnology can be defined as ‘engineering
at a very small scale’, and this term can be applied to many areas
of research and development – from medicine to manufacturing to
computing, and even to textiles and cosmetics.
INTRODUCTION

3. INTRO…..

4. Why small is
good?
INTRO…
Surface area increases
when the particle size
decrease
Thus results:-
• Faster
• Lighter
• Can get into small space
• Cheaper
• More energy efficient
• Different properties at
small size

5. Surface area
to volume
ratio
INTRO…
2mm
2mm
1mm
1mm
Surface Area
(mm)
Height X
width X no of
sides X no of
cubes
24
(2X2X6X1)
48
(1X1X6X8)
Volume
(mm)
Height X
width X
length X no
of cubes
8
(2X2X1X1)
8
(1X1X1X8)
Surface
area/volume
ratio
Surface
area/volume
3
(24/8)
6
(48/8)
Hidden surface area is released
• As surface volume increases
• A greater amount of substance come in
contact with environment
• This result as better catalyst, since
greater portion is released to potential
reaction.
2 main reasons properties changes for Nanomaterial
Larger surface area
Quantum effects

6.  In 18th century, silver nitrate used for the treatment of ulcer.
 In 19th century, antimicrobial activity of silver ions was identified.
 From the 1990's, there has been a resurgence of the promotion of
silver as an alternative medicine treatment.
 Colloidal silver was approved by FDA in 1920’s for wound
management.
 In 1960, used in the treatment of burn patient.
 In 1968, silver sulfadiazine cream used in antibiotics, still now it
has been widely used.
 Despite this, interest in the clinical use of silver has been rekindled
due to the availability of silver nanoparticles.
 Silver nanoparticles are of great interest due to extremely small size
and large surface volume.
 The diameters of AgNPs are generally smaller than 100 nm and
contain 20–15000 silver atoms.
 Due to the benefits, it has been widely researched
INTRODUCTION-SNPs

7. HISTORY

8. Methods Physical
Chemical
Biological
METHODS OF SYNTHESIZING
NANOPARTICLES

9. Physical
&
Chemical
Methodology

10. Top-down approach
 Top-down approach involves the breaking
down of the bulk material into nanosized
structures or particles.
 Top-down synthesis techniques are extension
of those that have been used for producing
micron sized particles.
 Top-down approaches are inherently simpler
and depend either on removal or division of
bulk material or on miniaturization of bulk
fabrication processes to produce the desired
structure with appropriate properties.
 The biggest problem with the top-down
approach is the imperfection of surface
structure.
 For example, nanowires made by lithography
are not smooth and may contain a lot of
impurities and structural defects on its
surface. Examples of such techniques are
high-energy wet ball milling, electron beam
lithography, atomic force manipulation,
gas-phase condensation, aerosol spray, etc.
Bottom-up approach
 The alternative approach, which has the
potential of creating less waste and hence
the more economical, is the ‘bottom- up’.
 Bottom-up approach refers to the build up
of a material from the bottom: atom-by-
atom, molecule-by-molecule, or cluster-by
cluster.
 Many of these techniques are still under
development or are just beginning to be
used for commercial production of
nanopowders.
 Oraganometallic chemical route, revere-
micelle route, sol-gel synthesis, colloidal
precipitation, hydrothermal synthesis,
template assisted sol-gel,
electrodeposition etc, are some of the well-
known bottom–up techniques reported for
the preparation of luminescent
nanoparticals.
PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL METHODOLOGY

11. Top-down
&
bottom-up

12. Top-down approach Bottom-up approach
PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL APPROACH

13.  It is the process of combining two or more components to produce an
entity.
 In biochemistry, it refers to the production of an organic compound by
a biological source, especially as aided by enzymes, phytochemical,
proteins etc.
 The biological synthesis of nanoparticles, because of the ease of its
rapid synthesis and eco-friendly synthesis. Also the toxicity and size
characterization can be controlled.
 It minimize waste generation and implementing sustainable processes.
BIOLOGICAL METHODOLOGY

14. BIOLOGICAL SYNTHESIS
( P r e l i m i n a r y I n v e s t i g a t i o n O f S y n t h e s i z i n g S i l v e r N a n o p a r t i c l e s F r o m T h e D i f f e r e n t B i o l o g i c a l
S o u r c e : - A M o d e r n E c o f r i e n d l y T o o l B y S n e h a P a u l , C h a n g a m S h e e l a S a s i k u m a r & A n i t a R J S i n g h
A t I n t e r n a t i o n a l J o u r n a l F o r P h a r m a c e u t i c a l R e s e a r c h S c h o l a r s , 2 0 1 5 , 4 ( 1 ) , 1 3 5 - 1 4 8 . )
Silver Nitrate
Microorganism
Plants
Algae Seaweed Lichen
Bacteria Fungi Mushroom
Whole Extract
Intracellular
Extracellular
Enzyme
Proteins
Phytochemicals Silver nanoparticles
Conc.
Kinetics
pH
Temperature
Time for reduction
Purification
Preliminary confirmation UV-Vis
Characterization-
SEM, TEM, XRD
FTIR, EDAX
Zeta potential etc
Applications

15. Biological
Methodology
(Pathway)

16. Methods Physical Chemical Biological
Advantages Absence of solvent
contamination
Uniformity of NP’s
distribution
Stability of NPs No chemicals
required
Eco-friendly
Less energy
Less time
Disadvantages Large space
Great amount of
energy
Time consuming
Toxic level
Expensive
Uniformity in the
Size of the
nanoparticles can’t
be maintained
PRO’S & CON’S OF DIFFERENT
METHODOLOGY

17. APPLICATIONS

18. Textile
industry
APPLICATIONS
Microorganism
Plants
Algae Seaweed
Lichen
Bacteria Fungi Mushroom
Whole Extract
Intracellular
Extracellular
Enzyme
Proteins
Phytochemicals
Fabrication of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized From Ganoderma lucidum Into The Cotton Fabric And Its Antimicrobial
Property at International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, vol 7(8),53-56,July 2015.
• For Antimicrobial properties
• Reduce foul odour
• Cheapest metal with broad spectrum of antimicrobial potential
• It don’t interact with silk colour, no colour change
• Self cleaning Fabric
• Wound dressing material

19. Antimicrobial
Insecticide
Pesticide
Antimalarial
Sanitizer
disinfectant
APPLICATIONS
• Silver nanoparticles are proved to be novel, highly efficient as pesticide
• Increased yields of crops because of protection from defoliation and diseases
• Organic sanitizer for clean hand
• Impregnation of SNPs in ceramic water filter act as effective disinfectant

20. Biomedical
APPLICATIONS

21. Wound
Healing
APPLICATIONS
Preparation of Nanogel Incorporated With Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized
from Pongamia Pinnata . L Root at International Journal of Scientific Research in Knowledge, 3(12), pp. 0314325, 2015.
Nanogel

22. Antimicrobial/
wound healing
spray
APPLICATIONS

23. Transdermal
film
APPLICATIONS
Chitosan based transdermal film embedded with SNPs: exclusively for diabetic wound
A transdermal patch is defined as an adhesive patch kept over the dermal layer to release a
particular dose of medication released through the skin with fore-ordained rate of discharge
to venture into the circulation system. Today the most widely recognized transdermal film
present in the market is based on semipermeable membranes that are known as patches.

24. TREAT WOUNDS NATURALLY!!!
Exclusively designed for diabetic
wounds
• Eco-friendly product
• Special combination of
ingredients heal & moisture the
skin
• Unique blend & synergistic
action helps in cell proliferation
• It can be directly applied to the
wounds
• Proven to be effective in pre-
clinical trial
Indications:
Open wounds, Abrasions, Foot
ulcers, sun burn etc…
Gano-S.Nano HEAL
We heal your wound
Epithelization of wounded Site
Grp 1: Control
Grp 3: control
diabetic wound
Grp 5:
Soframycin
treated (Std)
Grp 6: Gano-
S.Nano heal
treated
Promotes:
 Neovascularization
 Effective wound closure
 Early epithelization
 Free radical scavenging
 Reduce blood sugar

25. GANO-S.NANO HEAL
Investigators
Dr. C Sheela Sasikumar
Director-Clinical research
S.S healthcare
Head Clinical Research
Hycare Super speciality hospital
Chennai
sheelsasic@yahoo.co.in
9283143681/9840765442
Dr. Sneha Paul
Scientist-Product development
Arok’s Marketing
Coimbatore
Snehapaul_13july@yahoo.com
9941226238

26. Viral
Nanotechnology
APPLICATIONS
• Viral nanotechnology is the interdisciplinary subject and emerging technology used in
diverse area of research such as electronics, next generation medical device.
• VNP can be developed as novel material that can be programmed: Bioconjucation
chemistries, encapsulation, Mineralization strategies, film and hydrogel development.

27. Viral
Nanotechnology
-
Schematic
representation
of viral cage
assembly

28. VNPs-Assembly
line

29.  In vitro Studies of Bio -silver Nanoparticles in Cytotoxicity and Anti - Inflammatory at J Complement Med Alt
Healthcare J 7(4): J CMAH.MS.ID.555719, 2018.
 Optimization, Purification and Characterization Of Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) Produced By Bacillus Cereus
Isolated From Sewage at International J ournal of ChemTech Research Vol.10, No.7, pp 894-904,2017.
 In vitro Cytotoxicity & Anti - Inflammatory Studies of Silver nanoparticles Synthesized from Ganoderma lucidum ”
at New horizons in Translational medicine J an 2016.
 Preparation of Nanogel Incorporated With Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized from Pongamia Pinnata . L Root at
International J ournal of Scientific Research in Knowledge, 3(12), pp. 0314325, 2015.
 Physical , Chemical & Biological Studies of Gelatin/ Chitosan Based Transdermal Films with Embedded Silver
Nanoparticles at Asian Pacific J ournal of Tropical Disease 5(12): 975986,2015.
 Fabrication of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized From Ganoderma lucidum Into The Cotton Fabric And Its
Antimicrobial Property at International J ournal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, vol 7(8),53-56,July 2015.
 Green synthesis of Bio -Silver Nanoparticles by Parmelia perlata, Ganoderma lucidum and Phellinus igniarius &
Their Fields of Application by Sneha Paul, Anita RJ Singh and Changam at Indian J ournal of Research in Pharmacy
and Biotechnology (IJ RPB), vol 3(2):100110,2015.
 Preliminary Investigation of Synthesizing Silver Nanoparticles from the Different Biological Source: - A Modern
Ecofriendly Tool by Sneha Paul, Changam Sheela Sasikumar & Anita RJ Singh at International J ournal for
Pharmaceutical Research Scholars, 2015, 4(1), 135 -148.(IC value -5.65,SJ -3.457)
 Biomedical Evaluation of Chitosan -Gelatin Transdermal Patch Embedded With Bio -Silver Nanoparticles as A
Wound Dressing Material: -An Invitro study by Sneha paul,Changam sheela sasikumar,Sanjay K cherian and KM
Cherian at International J ournal of ChemTech Research Vol.7, No.2, pp 740-746,2015.
 Extraction and purification of chitosan from chitin isolated from sea prawn ( Fenneropenaeus indicus) by Sneha
paul, Changam sheela sasikumar, Aiswaraya J ayan, Sanjay K cherian and KM Cherian in Asian j ournal
pharmaceutical and clinical research in Vol 7,issue4 ( SeptemberOctober ),pg 201-204,2014
 Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles By The Green Reagents ( Polyphenolic compounds) Prepared From Ganoderma
Lucidum, Phellinus Igniarius and Parmelia Perlata by Sneha Paul, Changam sheela sasikumar, Anita RJ Singh in
International J ournal of Pharmaceutical and chemical Sciences 3(4):939 -947, 2014.
 An antioxidant and bioactive compound studies of Parmelia perlata, Ganoderma lucidum and Phellinus igniarius -
supplementary drug by Sneha paul, Changam sheela sasikumar, Anita RJ Singh in Asian j ournal pharmaceutical
RESEARCH PAPERS