The design, characterization, and application of structures, devices, and systems by controlled manipulation of size and shape of materials at the nanometer scale (atomic, molecular, and macromolecular scale
Nanotechnology involves manipulating materials at the nanoscale (1-100 nm) to create structures with novel properties. There are different classifications of nanostructures based on their dimensions, including zero-dimensional (0D), one-dimensional (1D), two-dimensional (2D), and three-dimensional (3D). Nanotechnology has applications in medicine such as drug delivery and tissue engineering, information/communication such as memory storage and displays, heavy industry such as catalysis, and consumer goods such as foods and cosmetics. Environmental applications include using nanoparticles for carbon capture, pollutant sensors, heavy metal remediation, and wastewater treatment.
This document provides an overview of topics related to nanotechnology. It begins with definitions of nanotechnology as the design and manipulation of structures at the nanoscale to produce materials with novel properties. Some key pioneers in the field include Richard Feynman and Norio Taniguchi. The document then outlines various applications of nanotechnology in areas such as medicine, electronics, the environment, fashion, agriculture, food, construction, and daily life. It also discusses the history and timeline of nanotechnology development. In addition, it covers the size scale of nanoparticles, types of nanotechnology, advantages and disadvantages, and possibilities and pitfalls for the future of the field.
This white paper discusses nanotechnology and its applications. It defines nanotechnology as the understanding and manipulation of matter at dimensions of 1 to 100 nanometers. Some key points:
- Nanotechnology can be used to create better materials and products and will increasingly impact the economy as more nanomaterial products are developed.
- Common nanomaterials include carbon-based nanotubes and fullerenes, metal-based quantum dots and nanoparticles, and dendrimer polymers. These can be used in applications like coatings, electronics, and drug delivery.
- Nanotechnology may provide environmental benefits by enabling more efficient energy and resource use, as well as applications in areas like remediation, sensors, and sustainable materials and
He linear electron resonator is constructed on a Ag (111) surface at 6 K substrate temperature. The silver cluster at the middle (at the initial part of the movie) is produced by gently crashing the STM-tip into the substrate. The cluster is then broken into smaller clusters using the STM-tip. The individual silver atoms are extracted from the cluster on an atom-by-atom basis.
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It is a full explanition of the nanotechnology
its usefull for the engineering & technical people's
in the content of the ideology is implemented for the renewable energy source
its a best explanation of nanotechnology
The document summarizes key concepts about nanotechnology including:
1. Nanotechnology involves creating functional materials and devices at the nanoscale (1-100 nm) where new properties and functionalities emerge.
2. Some applications of nanotechnology include more efficient energy production, improved medical treatments and diagnostics, enhanced consumer products, and information technology.
3. While nanotechnology promises many benefits, health and environmental risks from exposure to nanomaterials need further research as their effects are still uncertain. Careful assessment of nanomaterial interactions is important.
The design, characterization, and application of structures, devices, and systems by controlled manipulation of size and shape of materials at the nanometer scale (atomic, molecular, and macromolecular scale
Nanotechnology involves manipulating materials at the nanoscale (1-100 nm) to create structures with novel properties. There are different classifications of nanostructures based on their dimensions, including zero-dimensional (0D), one-dimensional (1D), two-dimensional (2D), and three-dimensional (3D). Nanotechnology has applications in medicine such as drug delivery and tissue engineering, information/communication such as memory storage and displays, heavy industry such as catalysis, and consumer goods such as foods and cosmetics. Environmental applications include using nanoparticles for carbon capture, pollutant sensors, heavy metal remediation, and wastewater treatment.
This document provides an overview of topics related to nanotechnology. It begins with definitions of nanotechnology as the design and manipulation of structures at the nanoscale to produce materials with novel properties. Some key pioneers in the field include Richard Feynman and Norio Taniguchi. The document then outlines various applications of nanotechnology in areas such as medicine, electronics, the environment, fashion, agriculture, food, construction, and daily life. It also discusses the history and timeline of nanotechnology development. In addition, it covers the size scale of nanoparticles, types of nanotechnology, advantages and disadvantages, and possibilities and pitfalls for the future of the field.
This white paper discusses nanotechnology and its applications. It defines nanotechnology as the understanding and manipulation of matter at dimensions of 1 to 100 nanometers. Some key points:
- Nanotechnology can be used to create better materials and products and will increasingly impact the economy as more nanomaterial products are developed.
- Common nanomaterials include carbon-based nanotubes and fullerenes, metal-based quantum dots and nanoparticles, and dendrimer polymers. These can be used in applications like coatings, electronics, and drug delivery.
- Nanotechnology may provide environmental benefits by enabling more efficient energy and resource use, as well as applications in areas like remediation, sensors, and sustainable materials and
He linear electron resonator is constructed on a Ag (111) surface at 6 K substrate temperature. The silver cluster at the middle (at the initial part of the movie) is produced by gently crashing the STM-tip into the substrate. The cluster is then broken into smaller clusters using the STM-tip. The individual silver atoms are extracted from the cluster on an atom-by-atom basis.
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It is a full explanition of the nanotechnology
its usefull for the engineering & technical people's
in the content of the ideology is implemented for the renewable energy source
its a best explanation of nanotechnology
The document summarizes key concepts about nanotechnology including:
1. Nanotechnology involves creating functional materials and devices at the nanoscale (1-100 nm) where new properties and functionalities emerge.
2. Some applications of nanotechnology include more efficient energy production, improved medical treatments and diagnostics, enhanced consumer products, and information technology.
3. While nanotechnology promises many benefits, health and environmental risks from exposure to nanomaterials need further research as their effects are still uncertain. Careful assessment of nanomaterial interactions is important.
This document discusses various topics related to nanotechnology, including:
1. Definitions and terminology around nanotechnology, including that it involves manipulating matter at the nanoscale of 1-100 nm.
2. Applications of nanotechnology in agriculture, including for pesticide delivery, disease detection, water management, and post-harvest processing.
3. Unique properties of nanomaterials and how they behave differently than bulk materials at the nanoscale, enabling new applications.
4. Tools and techniques used in nanotechnology as well as characterization of nanomaterials.
5. Specific uses of nanotechnology in crop protection through nano-encapsulation of agrochemicals for controlled release and targeting of pests and
The document provides an overview of topics related to nano technology. It discusses key concepts like the meaning and definition of nano technology, pioneers in the field like Richard Feynman, the history and timeline of developments. It also covers the size scale involved, different types of nano technology, advantages and applications in areas like medicine, electronics, environment, fashion, agriculture, construction, food, and daily life. Specific Indian initiatives in nano technology are also outlined. The document concludes with possibilities and pitfalls of future nano technology developments.
This document discusses nanotechnology and product liability from the perspective of Lovells LLP. It provides an overview of nanotechnology, including definitions, structures, properties and applications. It also discusses challenges in assessing risks from nanomaterials due to issues like detection and toxicity testing. Concerns are raised about carbon nanotubes resembling asbestos fibers. The document reviews regulations like REACH that may apply to nanomaterials and concludes with a discussion of how new technologies impact concepts of defect in product liability law.
4460 lwdlib02 #2319260-v2-biicl-presentationRubel Alam
This document discusses nanotechnology and product liability from the perspective of Lovells LLP. It provides an overview of nanotechnology, including definitions, structures, properties and applications. It also discusses challenges in assessing risks from nanomaterials due to issues like detection and toxicity testing. Concerns are raised about carbon nanotubes resembling asbestos fibers. The document reviews regulations like REACH and their application to nanomaterials. It concludes by outlining issues around new technology, development risks, and relative responsibilities for innovators, suppliers and regulators regarding product liability for nanotechnology.
This document discusses nanotechnology and product liability from the perspective of Lovells LLP. It provides an overview of nanotechnology, including definitions, structures, properties and applications. It also discusses challenges in assessing risks from nanomaterials due to issues like detection and toxicity testing. Concerns are raised about carbon nanotubes resembling asbestos fibers. The document outlines regulations like REACH that may apply to nanomaterials and open questions around developing an understanding of risks and responsibilities for innovation.
This document provides an overview of nanotechnology including definitions of nanoscience and nanotechnology. It discusses how nanotechnology works and some unique properties at the nanoscale. Applications of nanotechnology today include products using nanomaterials like batteries, sunscreens, and stain-resistant textiles. The document also outlines potential future applications of nanotechnology in areas like energy production, medicine/drug delivery, electronics, and materials that could be stronger but lighter.
just download and play slideshow.good animated video and gif animation is used and this slideshow contain data about nano technology and its application which you can easily understand.this is only for the education purpose which you can use for creating your ppt on nano technology.
shiva guru 922219114020 -nanotechnology.pptThalaJeeva
Nanotechnology promises benefits but also raises questions about risks. Precisely defining nanoscale materials is difficult given properties change significantly below 100nm. Research shows varied health effects depending on dose, type and purity of nanomaterials like carbon nanotubes. Regulating nanotechnology poses challenges as effects are often unknown and current tests may not apply. Adaptations of laws like REACH aim to ensure safety but coverage of novel nanomaterials is uncertain given lack of data and testing guidelines. More research is clearly needed to understand health and environmental impacts and inform appropriate oversight of nanotechnology.
Nanotechnology allows the precise placement of small structures at low cost, leading to economic growth, enhanced security, improved quality of life, and job creation. There are top-down and bottom-up approaches to nanoscale fabrication. Key tools include carbon nanotubes, quantum dots, and nanobots. Carbon nanotubes have exceptional strength and can penetrate cell walls, making them useful for applications like cancer treatment, sensors, electronics, and solar cells. Quantum dots can be used in displays and MEMS due to their reflectivity properties. Nanobots only a few nanometers in size could count molecules and potentially be used for detection, drug delivery, and biomedical instrumentation. Nanotechnology has many applications including electronics, energy,
Nanotechnology involves manipulating matter at the atomic or molecular scale. It has the potential to impact many fields like electronics, materials science, and medicine. Some key points:
- Richard Feynman first proposed the concept of nanotechnology in 1959, and the term was coined in 1974. Major developments include the discovery of buckyballs and carbon nanotubes in the 1980s and 1990s.
- Nanotechnology can be used to create new materials with unique properties due to their small size. It allows engineering at the molecular level.
- Applications include using nanoparticles for drug delivery, more efficient solar cells, stain-resistant textiles, and lightweight materials for vehicles and aerospace. Challenges include high costs
chaminaameen@gmail.com
Amina Ameen
Ask me for any other help for PowerPoint slides on my email I'd. I will love to help you in your PowerPoint assignments.
Thanks.
Nanotechnology involves the study and manipulation of matter at the nanoscale, generally between 1 to 100 nanometers. At this scale, materials exhibit unique properties and nanotechnology is being applied across various fields such as medicine, electronics, and environmental protection. Some current medical applications include cancer treatment using targeted drug delivery and new diagnostic tools. Electronics applications include more powerful computers and improved solar cells.
This document discusses the challenges and opportunities of nanotechnology. It begins by defining nanotechnology and nanoscience and providing examples of nanostructures. It then discusses some applications of nanotechnology while also outlining potential risks such as health effects. The document focuses on challenges like assessing risks given nanoparticles' small size and difficulty in detection. It provides details on challenges regulating nanotechnology under existing frameworks. Carbon nanotubes are discussed as an area of both opportunity and health concern, like possible similarities to asbestos.
Nanotechnology involves working at the nanoscale level between 1 to 100 nanometers. It can be used to create new materials and devices with unique properties not seen in larger structures. There are two main approaches - top-down and bottom-up. Top-down begins with bulk material and cuts it down to the nano size, while bottom-up builds nanostructures from individual atoms and molecules. Nanotechnology has many applications in medicine like drug delivery, electronics with smaller transistors, renewable energy, and more. However, there are also concerns about potential health effects and environmental impacts that require further research before widespread adoption. The future of nanotechnology looks promising but careful development is needed to address challenges.
The document discusses the history and development of nanoscience and nanotechnology. It begins by explaining that nanoscience involves studying and manipulating materials at the atomic scale and can be applied across various fields like chemistry, biology, physics, materials science, and engineering. It then discusses how Richard Feynman in 1959 and Professor Norio Taniguchi in the 1970s coined the terms "nanotechnology" and helped establish the field. The development of the scanning tunneling microscope in 1981 by Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer allowed scientists to directly image atoms and view surfaces at the atomic level, significantly advancing nanotechnology research.
Nanotechnology involves manipulating matter at the nanoscale (1-100 nanometers) to create new materials and products. It was first conceived by Richard Feynman in 1959 and has expanded significantly in recent decades. At the nanoscale, materials exhibit unique properties and nanotechnology is directed towards understanding and exploiting these properties to develop improved devices. Potential applications include stronger and smarter materials for electronics, batteries, solar cells, and medicine. While nanotechnology promises many benefits, it also raises concerns about potential health and environmental risks that require careful policymaking.
The document provides an introduction to nanotechnology, including definitions and origins. It discusses how nanotechnology involves manipulating matter at the nanoscale (1-100 nanometers) to create new materials and products. Examples of applications include electronics like nano transistors, energy like batteries and fuel cells, and life sciences like targeted drug delivery. The future of nanotechnology is described as redesigning technologies and creating products worth trillions. Both advantages like medical advances and disadvantages like potential health issues are covered. In conclusion, nanotechnology offers the ability to build powerful products in a new world through its connections to biotechnology and information technology.
Nanotechnology involves manipulating matter at the atomic, molecular and macromolecular scales. It has many potential applications in fields like medicine, electronics, energy and materials. Some benefits include more targeted drug delivery, smaller and more powerful electronics, improved solar cells and batteries. However, there are also risks like unknown health effects of nanoparticles, economic impacts and potential weapons applications that require further research. Overall, nanotechnology holds promise but developing it safely and responsibly remains an ongoing challenge.
This document discusses various topics related to nanotechnology, including:
1. Definitions and terminology around nanotechnology, including that it involves manipulating matter at the nanoscale of 1-100 nm.
2. Applications of nanotechnology in agriculture, including for pesticide delivery, disease detection, water management, and post-harvest processing.
3. Unique properties of nanomaterials and how they behave differently than bulk materials at the nanoscale, enabling new applications.
4. Tools and techniques used in nanotechnology as well as characterization of nanomaterials.
5. Specific uses of nanotechnology in crop protection through nano-encapsulation of agrochemicals for controlled release and targeting of pests and
The document provides an overview of topics related to nano technology. It discusses key concepts like the meaning and definition of nano technology, pioneers in the field like Richard Feynman, the history and timeline of developments. It also covers the size scale involved, different types of nano technology, advantages and applications in areas like medicine, electronics, environment, fashion, agriculture, construction, food, and daily life. Specific Indian initiatives in nano technology are also outlined. The document concludes with possibilities and pitfalls of future nano technology developments.
This document discusses nanotechnology and product liability from the perspective of Lovells LLP. It provides an overview of nanotechnology, including definitions, structures, properties and applications. It also discusses challenges in assessing risks from nanomaterials due to issues like detection and toxicity testing. Concerns are raised about carbon nanotubes resembling asbestos fibers. The document reviews regulations like REACH that may apply to nanomaterials and concludes with a discussion of how new technologies impact concepts of defect in product liability law.
4460 lwdlib02 #2319260-v2-biicl-presentationRubel Alam
This document discusses nanotechnology and product liability from the perspective of Lovells LLP. It provides an overview of nanotechnology, including definitions, structures, properties and applications. It also discusses challenges in assessing risks from nanomaterials due to issues like detection and toxicity testing. Concerns are raised about carbon nanotubes resembling asbestos fibers. The document reviews regulations like REACH and their application to nanomaterials. It concludes by outlining issues around new technology, development risks, and relative responsibilities for innovators, suppliers and regulators regarding product liability for nanotechnology.
This document discusses nanotechnology and product liability from the perspective of Lovells LLP. It provides an overview of nanotechnology, including definitions, structures, properties and applications. It also discusses challenges in assessing risks from nanomaterials due to issues like detection and toxicity testing. Concerns are raised about carbon nanotubes resembling asbestos fibers. The document outlines regulations like REACH that may apply to nanomaterials and open questions around developing an understanding of risks and responsibilities for innovation.
This document provides an overview of nanotechnology including definitions of nanoscience and nanotechnology. It discusses how nanotechnology works and some unique properties at the nanoscale. Applications of nanotechnology today include products using nanomaterials like batteries, sunscreens, and stain-resistant textiles. The document also outlines potential future applications of nanotechnology in areas like energy production, medicine/drug delivery, electronics, and materials that could be stronger but lighter.
just download and play slideshow.good animated video and gif animation is used and this slideshow contain data about nano technology and its application which you can easily understand.this is only for the education purpose which you can use for creating your ppt on nano technology.
shiva guru 922219114020 -nanotechnology.pptThalaJeeva
Nanotechnology promises benefits but also raises questions about risks. Precisely defining nanoscale materials is difficult given properties change significantly below 100nm. Research shows varied health effects depending on dose, type and purity of nanomaterials like carbon nanotubes. Regulating nanotechnology poses challenges as effects are often unknown and current tests may not apply. Adaptations of laws like REACH aim to ensure safety but coverage of novel nanomaterials is uncertain given lack of data and testing guidelines. More research is clearly needed to understand health and environmental impacts and inform appropriate oversight of nanotechnology.
Nanotechnology allows the precise placement of small structures at low cost, leading to economic growth, enhanced security, improved quality of life, and job creation. There are top-down and bottom-up approaches to nanoscale fabrication. Key tools include carbon nanotubes, quantum dots, and nanobots. Carbon nanotubes have exceptional strength and can penetrate cell walls, making them useful for applications like cancer treatment, sensors, electronics, and solar cells. Quantum dots can be used in displays and MEMS due to their reflectivity properties. Nanobots only a few nanometers in size could count molecules and potentially be used for detection, drug delivery, and biomedical instrumentation. Nanotechnology has many applications including electronics, energy,
Nanotechnology involves manipulating matter at the atomic or molecular scale. It has the potential to impact many fields like electronics, materials science, and medicine. Some key points:
- Richard Feynman first proposed the concept of nanotechnology in 1959, and the term was coined in 1974. Major developments include the discovery of buckyballs and carbon nanotubes in the 1980s and 1990s.
- Nanotechnology can be used to create new materials with unique properties due to their small size. It allows engineering at the molecular level.
- Applications include using nanoparticles for drug delivery, more efficient solar cells, stain-resistant textiles, and lightweight materials for vehicles and aerospace. Challenges include high costs
chaminaameen@gmail.com
Amina Ameen
Ask me for any other help for PowerPoint slides on my email I'd. I will love to help you in your PowerPoint assignments.
Thanks.
Nanotechnology involves the study and manipulation of matter at the nanoscale, generally between 1 to 100 nanometers. At this scale, materials exhibit unique properties and nanotechnology is being applied across various fields such as medicine, electronics, and environmental protection. Some current medical applications include cancer treatment using targeted drug delivery and new diagnostic tools. Electronics applications include more powerful computers and improved solar cells.
This document discusses the challenges and opportunities of nanotechnology. It begins by defining nanotechnology and nanoscience and providing examples of nanostructures. It then discusses some applications of nanotechnology while also outlining potential risks such as health effects. The document focuses on challenges like assessing risks given nanoparticles' small size and difficulty in detection. It provides details on challenges regulating nanotechnology under existing frameworks. Carbon nanotubes are discussed as an area of both opportunity and health concern, like possible similarities to asbestos.
Nanotechnology involves working at the nanoscale level between 1 to 100 nanometers. It can be used to create new materials and devices with unique properties not seen in larger structures. There are two main approaches - top-down and bottom-up. Top-down begins with bulk material and cuts it down to the nano size, while bottom-up builds nanostructures from individual atoms and molecules. Nanotechnology has many applications in medicine like drug delivery, electronics with smaller transistors, renewable energy, and more. However, there are also concerns about potential health effects and environmental impacts that require further research before widespread adoption. The future of nanotechnology looks promising but careful development is needed to address challenges.
The document discusses the history and development of nanoscience and nanotechnology. It begins by explaining that nanoscience involves studying and manipulating materials at the atomic scale and can be applied across various fields like chemistry, biology, physics, materials science, and engineering. It then discusses how Richard Feynman in 1959 and Professor Norio Taniguchi in the 1970s coined the terms "nanotechnology" and helped establish the field. The development of the scanning tunneling microscope in 1981 by Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer allowed scientists to directly image atoms and view surfaces at the atomic level, significantly advancing nanotechnology research.
Nanotechnology involves manipulating matter at the nanoscale (1-100 nanometers) to create new materials and products. It was first conceived by Richard Feynman in 1959 and has expanded significantly in recent decades. At the nanoscale, materials exhibit unique properties and nanotechnology is directed towards understanding and exploiting these properties to develop improved devices. Potential applications include stronger and smarter materials for electronics, batteries, solar cells, and medicine. While nanotechnology promises many benefits, it also raises concerns about potential health and environmental risks that require careful policymaking.
The document provides an introduction to nanotechnology, including definitions and origins. It discusses how nanotechnology involves manipulating matter at the nanoscale (1-100 nanometers) to create new materials and products. Examples of applications include electronics like nano transistors, energy like batteries and fuel cells, and life sciences like targeted drug delivery. The future of nanotechnology is described as redesigning technologies and creating products worth trillions. Both advantages like medical advances and disadvantages like potential health issues are covered. In conclusion, nanotechnology offers the ability to build powerful products in a new world through its connections to biotechnology and information technology.
Nanotechnology involves manipulating matter at the atomic, molecular and macromolecular scales. It has many potential applications in fields like medicine, electronics, energy and materials. Some benefits include more targeted drug delivery, smaller and more powerful electronics, improved solar cells and batteries. However, there are also risks like unknown health effects of nanoparticles, economic impacts and potential weapons applications that require further research. Overall, nanotechnology holds promise but developing it safely and responsibly remains an ongoing challenge.
Similar to Nanotech_MM101_something_something_something (20)
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
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You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
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Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
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How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
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3. 3
Technology:
Technology is the application of knowledge for practical
purposes. Products are tangible (e.g., machines), and intangible
(e.g., software).
It involves the application of scientific knowledge, engineering
skills, and practical experience to design, build, and operate
various devices, machines, software, and systems that make our
lives easier, more efficient, and more productive.
technology is the key driver of economic growth of countries,
regions and cities.
Nanotechnology
Nanotechnology is the branch of technology that deals with
dimensions less than 100 nanometers, especially the manipulation of
individual atoms and molecules.
It’s the designing, characterization, production and application of
structures, devices and systems by controlling shape and size at
nanometer scale.
Applications are wide and varied, including energy production and
storage, drug delivery, materials science, and many others.
5. 5
Nanomaterials
Nanomaterials may be classified as those materials which have at least
one of their dimensions in the nanometric range.
Below which there is significant variation in the property of interest
compared to microcrystalline materials.
Nanocrystalline materials have a grain size of the order of 1−100 nm.
7. Quantum dots (0D)
Quantum dots (QDs) are man-made nanoscale
crystals that exhibit unique optical and
electronic properties, including the ability to
transport electrons and emit light of various
colors when exposed to UV light
Quantum dots are tiny particles or nanocrystals
with diameters in the range of 2-10 nanometers
(10-50 atoms).
10. Volume to surface area ratio
• As objects get smaller
they have a much
greater surface area to
volume ratio
2 cm cube has
a surface area
of 24 cm2 and a
volume of 8 cm3
(ratio = 3:1)
10 cm cube has a
surface area of 600
cm2 and a volume of
1000 cm3 (ratio =
0.6:1)
Materials at the nanoscale have
a greater surface area to
volume ratio than their bulk
counterparts.
The relative concentration of
under-coordinated surface
atoms is thus greater for
nanomaterials compared to their
bulk form
13. Size
Nanoparticle Nanoparticle Volume Surface Area SA:Vol Ratio
Diameter (nm) Diameter (um) (nm3) (nm2) (nm2/nm3)
1 0.001 0.524 3.14 6
10 0.01 524 314 0.6
100 0.1 523598 31416 0.06
1000 1 5.24E+08 3.14E+06 0.006
10000 10 5.24E+11 3.14E+08 0.0006
100000 100 5.24E+14 3.14E+10 0.00006
1000000 1000 5.24E+17 3.14E+12 0.000006
Some example calculations for volume and surface area of nanoparticles. These calculations use nm as
unit of length.
14. Physical properties
• At very small sizes physical properties (magnetic, electric and optical)
of materials can change dramatically.
As quantum confinement effects change the
electronic structure of the nanomaterial
(nanomaterials start to have discrete electronic states,
while the bulk material has essentially continuous
electronic states).
band structure of the nanomaterial changed and
consequently modulate its optical and transport
properties (i.e., electrical and thermal transport).
quantum confinement: small and finite separation between energy levels based on
Materials with structure at the nanoscale often
have unique optical, electronic, thermal (heat),
or mechanical properties.
16. • Coatings - self-cleaning windows and stainproof clothing
3. Nanoparticles: Coating
17. Some clothing manufacturers are making water and stain
repellent clothing using nano-sized whiskers in the fabric
that cause water to bead up on the surface.
18. ANTIMICROBIALFABRICS
• Nanohorizons, a company in Pennsylvania,
has started producing a silver nanoparticle
• material as both a dye and
• use in polyester and nylon.
• The silver nanoparticles are toxic to
microbes, and so colonies will never
form, and clothes using this material will
not have odors.
3. Nanoparticles
19. TITANIUM DIOXIDE PARTICLES IN OUR FOODS
Candies, sweets and chewing gum have been found to
contain the highest levels of titanium dioxide.
Powdered doughnuts, candies and gums with hard shells,
products with white icing and even bread, mayonnaise,
yogurt and other dairy products may also contain
titanium dioxide.
According to research published in Environmental
Science and Technology, up to 36 percent of the
titanium dioxide found in nearly 90 food products was
in the nanoparticle sizes.
TiO2 helps define colors clearly and can
prevent UV degradation (cracking and
breakdown of materials). You can find titanium
dioxide in food products like candy, coffee
creamer, baking and cake decorations, and white
sauces
3. Nanoparticles
20.
21. SUNSCREENS
Zinc oxide and Titanium dioxide have
been used in sunscreens because of their
powerful UV blocking properties but they
leave a white coating on the skin, which
most people find unpleasant.
Many sunscreens and moisturizers
available now use these nanoparticles,
including products from;
Boots Avon
The Body Shop L'Oreal
Nivea
Unilever
24. DIFFERENT TYPES OF NANOMATERIALS
NANOMATERIALS CAN BE
DIVIDED INTO 4 TYPES:
1) CARBON-BASED
2) METAL-BASED
3) DENDRIMERS
4) COMPOSITES
25. Potential applications of carbon nanotubes
Materials & Chemistry
- Ceramic and metallic CNT composites
- Polymer CNT composites (heat conducting
polymers)
- Coatings (e.g. conductive surfaces)
- Membranes and catalysis
- Tips of Scanning Probe Microscopes (SPM)
Medicine & Life Science
- Medical diagnosis (e.g. Lab on a Chip (LOC))
- Medical applications (e.g. drug delivery)
- Chemical sensors
- Filters for water and food treatment
Electronics & ICT
- Lighting elements, CNT based field emission
displays
- Microelectronic: Single electron transistor
- Molecular computing and data storage
- Ultra-sensitive electromechanical sensors
- Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS)
Energy
- Hydrogen storage, energy storage (super
capacitors)
- Solar cells
- Fuel cells
- Superconductive materials
26. 2) METAL BASED NANOMATERIALS
These nanomaterials include
quantum dots, nanogold,
nanosilver and metal oxides,
such as titanium dioxide.
A quantum dot is a closely
packed semiconductor crystal
comprised of hundreds or
thousands of atoms, and
whose size is on the order of a
few nanometers to a few
hundred nanometers.
Changing the size of
quantum dots changes their
optical properties.
27.
28. 3) DENDRIMERS
These nanomaterials are
nanosized polymers built from
branched units.
The surface of a dendrimer has
numerous chain ends, which can
be tailored to perform specific
chemical functions.
This property could also be useful
for catalysts, to help with chemical
reactions.
Also, because three- dimensional
dendrimers contain interior cavities
into which other molecules could
be placed, they may be useful for
drug delivery.
29. 4) COMPOSITES
Composites combine nanoparticles
with other nanoparticles or with
larger, bulk-type materials.
Clays and Polymers can be used to
make them.
Nanoparticles are already being
added to products ranging from
auto parts to packaging materials,
to enhance the following
properties:
Mechanical
Thermal
Barrier
Flame-retardance
32. Why is there so much interest/concern about nanotechnology?
• Enormous potential
• Huge gaps in knowledge concerning the possible risks
• Difficulty in detecting and removing
• Absence of regulation
33. Potential Health Concerns
What are the Potentials risks associated with nanotechnology?
•Adverse health effects in humans from deliberate or accidental exposure
•Adverse effects on the environment from deliberate or accidental exposure
•Potentially explosive properties of nanostructures
•Cause for concern:
– Nanoparticles are similar in size to many biological structures easily absorbed by the
body.
– Nanoparticles remain suspended in the environment for extended periods of time.
•Health Impacts of nanoparticles are expected to be dependant on composition
and structure.
34. Risk assessment problems
• Very difficult to detect without sophisticated equipment
• Difficult to predict how particles will behave in the environment (dispersed/clumped)
• Small size may result in particles passing into the body more easily (inhalation, ingestion,
absorption)
• May be more reactive due to surface area to volume ratio
• Potential to adsorb toxic chemicals
• Persistence - Longevity of particles in the environment and body are unknown
