Nanotechnology deals with studying and manipulating matter at the atomic, molecular and macromolecular scale (1-100 nm). There are two main approaches to nanotechnology - top-down and bottom-up. Top-down involves reducing materials down to the nano scale while bottom-up constructs materials from atomic or molecular components. Nanotechnology has many uses in mechanical engineering like increasing lifespans of components and imparting unique properties to materials. Nanomaterials are substances with at least one dimension less than 100 nm, exhibiting novel optical, magnetic, electrical and other properties. Selected applications of nanomaterials and nanotechnology include energy, heavy industry, aerospace, catalysis, automobiles, coatings and steel.
Nanomaterials in biomedical applicationsumeet sharma
An introduction to emerging technology in medicinal science, "nanodrugs" a fruitful combination of nano-science and medical science. In this presentation, use of nano shells for delivery of drugs to targeted cancer cells has been explained. along with In Vivo and In Vitro studies on use of nanomaterials for biomedical application. For any information please feel free to contact me or refer to the references.
Nanotechnology ("nanotech") is manipulation of matter on an atomic, molecular, and supramolecular scale. The earliest, widespread description of nanotechnology referred to the particular technological goal of precisely manipulating atoms and molecules for fabrication of macroscale products, also now referred to as molecular nanotechnology. A more generalized description of nanotechnology was subsequently established by the National Nanotechnology Initiative, which defines nanotechnology as the manipulation of matter with at least one dimension sized from 1 to 100 nanometers. This definition reflects the fact that quantum mechanical effects are important at this quantum-realm scale, and so the definition shifted from a particular technological goal to a research category inclusive of all types of research and technologies that deal with the special properties of matter which occur below the given size threshold. It is therefore common to see the plural form "nanotechnologies" as well as "nanoscale technologies" to refer to the broad range of research and applications whose common trait is size.
Nanomaterials in biomedical applicationsumeet sharma
An introduction to emerging technology in medicinal science, "nanodrugs" a fruitful combination of nano-science and medical science. In this presentation, use of nano shells for delivery of drugs to targeted cancer cells has been explained. along with In Vivo and In Vitro studies on use of nanomaterials for biomedical application. For any information please feel free to contact me or refer to the references.
Nanotechnology ("nanotech") is manipulation of matter on an atomic, molecular, and supramolecular scale. The earliest, widespread description of nanotechnology referred to the particular technological goal of precisely manipulating atoms and molecules for fabrication of macroscale products, also now referred to as molecular nanotechnology. A more generalized description of nanotechnology was subsequently established by the National Nanotechnology Initiative, which defines nanotechnology as the manipulation of matter with at least one dimension sized from 1 to 100 nanometers. This definition reflects the fact that quantum mechanical effects are important at this quantum-realm scale, and so the definition shifted from a particular technological goal to a research category inclusive of all types of research and technologies that deal with the special properties of matter which occur below the given size threshold. It is therefore common to see the plural form "nanotechnologies" as well as "nanoscale technologies" to refer to the broad range of research and applications whose common trait is size.
Nanotechnology: Basic introduction to the nanotechnology.Sathya Sujani
This simple presentation will help you to understand the every aspects of nanotechnology including basic definition and it's practical application in a very simple yet precise manner.
Nanotechnology: Basic introduction to the nanotechnology.Sathya Sujani
This simple presentation will help you to understand the every aspects of nanotechnology including basic definition and it's practical application in a very simple yet precise manner.
Nanoscience and nanotechnology are the study and application of extremely small things and can be used across all the other science fields, such as chemistry, biology, physics, materials science, and engineering.
It’s hard to imagine just how small nanotechnology is. One nanometer is a billionth of a meter, or 10-9 of a meter. Here are a few illustrative examples:
There are 25,400,000 nanometers in an inch
A sheet of newspaper is about 100,000 nanometers thick
On a comparative scale, if a marble were a nanometer, then one meter would be the size of the Earth
Nanoscience and nanotechnology involve the ability to see and to control individual atoms and molecules. Everything on Earth is made up of atoms—the food we eat, the clothes we wear, the buildings and houses we live in, and our own bodies.
But something as small as an atom is impossible to see with the naked eye. In fact, it’s impossible to see with the microscopes typically used in a high school science classes. The microscopes needed to see things at the nanoscale were invented relatively recently—about 30 years ago.
Once scientists had the right tools, such as the scanning tunneling microscope (STM) and the atomic force microscope (AFM), the age of nanotechnology was born.
Although modern nanoscience and nanotechnology are quite new, nanoscale materials were used for centuries. Alternate-sized gold and silver particles created colors in the stained glass windows of medieval churches hundreds of years ago. The artists back then just didn’t know that the process they used to create these beautiful works of art actually led to changes in the composition of the materials they were working with.
Today's scientists and engineers are finding a wide variety of ways to deliberately make materials at the nanoscale to take advantage of their enhanced properties such as higher strength, lighter weight, increased control of light spectrum, and greater chemical reactivity than their larger-scale counterparts.
Introduction
History
Types of Nanomaterials
Properties of Nanomaterials
Synthesis and processing of Nanomaterials
Advance nanomaterials
Fullerenes
Carbon nanotubes
Nanowires
Polymer nanostructures
Quantum dots
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Exploring Nanotechnology: Unlocking the World of the Nano RealmIn Online
Welcome to the exciting world of nanotechnology! This comprehensive course is designed to introduce you to the fascinating field of nanotechnology in a simple and user-friendly manner. Whether you're a curious individual or a professional looking to expand your knowledge, this course will provide you with a solid foundation in the principles, applications, and implications of nanotechnology.
In this course, you will embark on a journey through the nanoscale realm, where tiny structures and materials exhibit extraordinary properties and behaviors. You will explore the diverse areas where nanotechnology has made significant impacts, including electronics, medicine, energy, environment, materials science, and more.
Through clear and concise explanations, interactive lessons, and engaging multimedia content, you will gain a deep understanding of the fundamental concepts and cutting-edge advancements in nanotechnology. You will learn about the unique properties of nanomaterials, delve into the world of nanoscale science and engineering, and uncover the potential of nanodevices and nanosystems.
Moreover, you will discover how nanotechnology intersects with other fields, such as biology, physics, electronics, and environmental science, leading to exciting convergences and innovative applications. We will also explore the ethical and societal implications of nanotechnology, addressing concerns and emphasizing responsible practices.
By the end of this course, you will be equipped with the knowledge to appreciate the impact of nanotechnology in our everyday lives and understand its potential for shaping the future. Whether you are interested in pursuing a career in nanotechnology or simply want to stay informed about this transformative field, this course will empower you with the insights you need.
Join us on this captivating journey into the world of nanotechnology and unlock the immense potential of the small. Enroll now and discover the possibilities that await!
Don't miss this opportunity to dive into the exciting realm of nanotechnology. Enroll now and embark on a transformative learning experience!
The emergence of nanotechnology in th1980’s was caused by convergence of experimental advances such as the invention of the scanning tunneling microscope in 1981 and the discovery of fullerenes in 1985. Now the nanotechnology products are used in various fields such as medical, material science, automobile etc. In this topic the various applications of nanotechnology in the renewable energy sources exploitation have been discussed.
ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY TEST
Tube dilution and agar plate method.
Filter paper and cup plate method.
Ditch-plate method.
Phenol coefficient method.
Kelsey Sykes method.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
2. Nanotechnology
Nanotechnology deals with studies of phenomena and
manipulation with elements of matter at the atomic,
molecular and macromolecular level (rangefrom1to100nm),
where the properties of matter are significantly different
from their properties at larger scales of dimensions.
Nanotechnology is science, engineering and technology conducted at
the nanoscale, which is about 1 to 100 nm where nano denotes the
scale range of 10-9 and nanotechnology refers the properties of atoms
and molecules measuring thoroughly 0.1 to 1000 nm. Nanotechnology
is highly interdisciplinary as a field, and it requires knowledge drawn
from a variety of scientific and engineering arenas.
3. There are two main types of approaches to nanotechnology: the first approach is
Top-down and another one is Bottom-up approach.
The Top-down approach involves taking layer structures that
are either reduced down size until they reach the nano-scale
or deacon structured into their composite parts.
The other hand the Bottom-up approach is where materials
are constructed from the atomic or molecular components.
4. USES OF NANOTECNOLOGY IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING:
The nanotechnology in mechanical engineering and manufacturing is immensely
useful to the field.
Nanotechnology can be used to increasing the life of the components and automobile
parts.
A many number of materials can be enhanced by the use of nanotechnology.
Nanomaterials exhibit unique physical and chemical properties and impart
enhancements to engineered materials.
There including better magnetic properties, improved mechanical activity and
increased optical properties.
5. FUNDAMENTALS CONCEPTS IN NANOTECHNOLOGY:
Nanotechnology involve the ability to see and to control individual atoms and
molecules, everything on earth is made up of atoms the food we eat the cloths we wear
the building and houses we live in, and our own bodies. Here are a few illustrative
examples.
There are 25,400,000 nanometer an inch.
A sheet of news paper is about 100,000 nanometer thick.
The microscopes needed to see things at the nanoscale were invented relatively recently.
Although modern nanoscience and nanotechnology are quite new, nanoscale materials
were used for centuries.
6. WHAT ARE NANOMATERIALS?
Nanoscale materials are defined as a set of substances
where at least one dimension is less than approximately
100 nanometers. A nanometer is one millionth of a
millimeter approximately 100,000 times smaller than
the diameter of a human hair. Nanomaterials are of
interest because at this scale unique optical, magnetic,
electrical, and other properties emerge. These emergent
properties have the potential for great impacts in
electronics, medicine, and other fields.
Fig-1 NanoMaterial
7. IMPORTANT OF NANOMATERIALS:
These materials have created a high interest in recent
years by virtue of their unusual
mechanical, electrical, optical and magnetic properties.
Some examples are given below:
Nanophase ceramics are of particular interest because
they are more ductile at elevated temperatures as
compared to the coarse-grained ceramics.
Nanosized metallic powders have been used for the
production of gas tight materials, dense parts and porous
coatings
8. PROPERTIES OF NANOMATERIALS:
Nanomaterials have the structural features in between of those of atoms and the
bulk.
The properties of materials with nanometer dimensions are significantly different
from those of atoms and bulks materials. This is mainly due to the nanometer size
of the materials which render them: (i) large fraction of surface atoms; (ii) high
surface energy; (iii) spatial confinement; (iv) reduced imperfections, which do
not exist in the corresponding bulk materials.
Due to their small dimensions, nanomaterials have extremely large surface area
to volume ratio, which makes a large to be the surface or interfacial atoms,
resulting in more “surface” dependent material properties.
9. NANOCOMPOSITE:
Nanocomposites can be made with a variety of enhanced physical, thermal and
other unique properties.
They have properties that are superior to conventional microscale composites and
can be synthesized using simple and inexpensive techniques.
Materials are needed to meet a wide range of energy efficient applications with
light weight, high mechanical strength, unique color, electrical properties and high
reliability in extreme environments.
10. NANO-COMPOSITES – BASIC INGREDIENTS:
There has been a great deal of interest in polymer nanocomposites over the last few
years.
There are different types of commercially available nano-particles that can be
incorporated into the polymer matrix to form polymer nanocomposites. Polymer
nanocomposites consist of a polymeric material (e.g., thermoplastics, thermosets,
or elastomers) with reinforcement of nano-particles. Polymeric nanocomposites
can be broadly classified as,
Nanoclay-reinforced composites
Carbon nanotube-reinforced composites
Nanofibre-reinforced composites, and
Inorganic particle-reinforced composites.
11. I. NANOCLAY-REINFORCED COMPOSITES:
The term clay has been understood to be made of small inorganic particles (part of soil fraction <2 mm),
without any definite composition or crystallinity. The clay mineral (also called a phyllosilicate) is usually
of a layered type and a fraction of hydrous, magnesium, or aluminum silicates.
II. CARBON NANOTUBE-REINFORCED COMPOSITES:
Another important type of carbon filler is carbon nanotubes and nanofibres. Much publicity has
surrounded the development of single wall carbon nanotubes, that called Buckytubes, but while these are
still some way off large-scale commercial production, the corresponding multi-layer carbon nanotubes
have been known for some time and, furthermore, are available in practical commercial quantities.
III. NANOFIBER-REINFORCED COMPOSITES:
Carbon nanofibers (CNF) are a unique form of vapourgrown carbon fibres that fill the gap in physical
properties between conventional carbon fibres (5.10 µm) and carbon nanotubes (1.10 nm). The reduced
diameter of nanofiber provides a larger surface area with surface functionalities in the fiber.
12. IV. INORGANIC PARTICLE-REINFORCED COMPOSITES:
Nanoparticles are often defined as particles of < 100 nm in diameter. Nanometer-sized particles have been
made from different organic.inorganic particles and these impart improved properties to composite
materials. Different particles have been used to prepare polymer/inorganic particle nanocomposites,
including:
Metals (Al, Fe, Au, Ag, etc.)
Metal oxides (ZnO, Al2O3, CaCO3, TiO2, etc.)
Nonmetal oxide (SiO2)
Other (SiC)
13. SELECTED APPLICATION OF NANOMATERIALS
AND NANOTECHNOLOGY:
ENERGY SECTORS: The most advanced nanotechnology related to energy storage,
conversion, manufacturing improvements by reducing materials and process rates, energy saving
[Example: Better thermal Insulation] and enhanced renewable energy sources.
HEAVY INDUSTRY’S: An inevitable use of nanotechnology will be in heavy industries.
AEROSPACE: Lighter and stronger materials will be of immense use to aircraft manufactures,
leading to increased performance, spacecraft will also benefit where weight is a major factor.
Nanotechnology would help to reduce the size of equipment and there by decrease of fuel-
consumption required to get it airplane.
CATALYSIS: The application of potential nanoparticles in catalysis ranges from fuel cell to
catalytic converters and photo catalytic devices. The synthesis provides novel “nanomaterials”
and in the long run, superior processes such as “self-assembly” will enable energy time preserving
strategies.
14. AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY: The present-days automobile vehicle has more inner components
parts in the system. Those parts are more hard wearing and more heat-resistant. The auto engine
wastes loft of fuel and to create a population because of incomplete gas combustion.
COATINGS : Nanocoating refers to the act of covering a material with a layer on the nanometer
scale or to cover a nanoscaled entity. Nanocoating forms a nanocomposite that comprises a
combination of two or more different substances of nanometer size, thereby producing a material
that generally has enhanced or specific targeted properties due to the combined properties and/or
structuring effects of the components.
STEEL COATINGS: The nanotechnology in steel material its help to improve the physical
properties of steel, fatigue or the structural failure of steel is due to cyclic loading. Steel cables
can be strength the using carbon nanotubes are stronger cables are reduce the costs of the
constructions.
15. REFERENCE:
Suresh Neethirajan, Digvir Jayas. 2009. Nanotechnology for food and bioprocessing industries. 5th
CIGR International Technical Symposium on Food Processing, Monitoring Technology in
Bioprocesses and Food Quality Management, Potsdam, Germany.
Allhoff, Fritz; Lin, Patrick; Moore, Daniel (2010). What is nanotechnology and why does it matter?
from science to ethics. John Wiley and Sons. pp. 3–5. ISBN 1-4051-7545-1.
Regan, BC; Aloni, S; Jensen, K; Ritchie, RO; Zettl, A (2005). "Nanocrystal-powered nanomotor".
Nano letters 5 (9): 1730–3. Bibcode:2005NanoL...5.1730R. doi:10.1021/nl0510659. PMID 16159214.
Shipbaugh, Calvin. "Offense-Defense Aspects of Nanotechnologies: A Forecast of Potential Milita..."
Soutter, Will. "Nanotechnology in the Military".
Altmann, Jürgen. "Military Uses of Nanotechnology: Perspectives and Concerns".
"Defence, Weapons and The Use Of Nanotechnology In Modern Combat Equipment and Warfare
Systems".
Nanotechnology in Construction". Retrieved 23 April 2013.