The document discusses Mughal gardens in India. It describes some of the most famous Mughal gardens, including the Taj Mahal garden, Humayun's Tomb garden, and Shalimar Gardens. The Mughal gardens were built in the Islamic char bagh style, with elevated walkways dividing the garden into quarters planted with flowers, trees, and surrounded by water channels. Garden construction was an imperial pastime for many Mughal emperors who built gardens across their empire, helping to establish the Mughal garden style.

2.  From the beginnings of the Mughal Empire, the construction of
gardens was a beloved imperial pastime. Babur, the first Mughal
conqueror-king, had gardens built in Lahore and Dholpur.
Humayun, his son, does not seem to have had much time for
building he was busy reclaiming and increasing the realm but he is
known to have spent a great deal of time at his father’s gardens.
Akbar built several gardens first in Delhi, then in Agra, Akbar’s
new capital.
 Akbar’s region, Jahangir, did not build as much, but he helped to
lay out the famous Shalimar garden and was known for his great
love for flowers. Indeed, his trips to Kashmir are believed to have
begun a fashion for naturalistic and abundant floral design.

3. •Jahangir's son, Shah Jahan, marks the apex of Mughal
garden architecture and floral design.
• He is famous for the construction of the Taj Mahal, a
sprawling funereal paradise in memory of his favorite wife,
Mumtaz Mahal.
• He is also responsible for the Mahtab Bagh, a night garden
that was filled with night-blooming jasmine and other pale
flowers.
• The pavilions within are faced with white marble to glow in
the moonlight.
• This and the marble of the Taj Mahal are inlaid with
semiprecious stone depicting scrolling naturalistic floral
motifs, the most important being the tulip, which Shah Jahan
adopted as a personal symbol.

4.  Mughal gardens design derives primarily from the
medieval Islamic garden, although there are nomadic
influences that come from the Mughals’ Turkish-
Mongolian ancestry.
 Its essential features included running water (perhaps
the most important element) and a pool to reflect the
beauties of sky and garden; trees of various sorts, some
to provide shade merely, and others to produce fruits;
flowers, colorful and sweet-smelling; grass, usually
growing wild under the trees; birds to fill the garden
with song; the whole cooled by a pleasant breeze.
 The garden might include a raised hillock at the center,
reminiscent of the mountain at the center of the
universe in cosmological descriptions, and often
surmounted by a pavilion or palace.

5.  The Mughal gardens are the few number of gardens
built by the Mughals in the Islamic style of architecture
in India as well as other countries. Most famous
Mughal Gardens of India are the garden of Taj Mahal,
the Red Fort garden in Delhi, Agra Fort and
Humayun’s Tomb Garden. Other Mughal gardens are
Tomb of Safdarjung,Mehtab Bagh,Roshanara
Bagh,Khusro Bagh and Ram Bagh.

6.  Afghanistan:
 Bagh-e Babur(Kabul)
India:
 •Humayun's Tomb-Delhi (Nizamuddin)
 •Taj Mahal-Agra
 •Ram Bagh-Agra
 •Mehtab Bagh-Agra
 •Shalimar Gardens (Kashmir)-Kashmir
 •Safdarjung's Tomb
 •Yadvindra Gardens-Pinjore
 •Khusro Bagh, Allahabad
 Pakistan:
 •Chauburji(The Gate to the Mughal
Gardens)
 •Lahore Fort
 •Shahdara Bagh
 •Shalimar Gardens (Lahore)
 •Hazuri Bagh
 •Hiran Minar(Sheikhupura)

7. •Roses are central to the fame of Mughal Gardens and a
permanent feature throughout the year. The garden has more
than 120 celebrated varieties of roses. The prime bloom is in
February-March.
•The special roses include Green Rose and Angelique. 40
fragrant varieties include Belami, Black Lady, Double
Delight, Eiffel Tower, Granada, Jadis, Mr.Lincoln,
Sadabahar, Taj Mahal etc. Oklahoma (often called as Black
Rose) and Bonne Nuit are almost black in colour. Paradise,
Blue Moon and Lady X are blue in colour.
•Unlike other gardens which grow a limited variety of roses
but in large masses, the Mughal Garden has probably the
largest range of rose varieties.

10.  These char bagh are not
just gardens but more than
that.
 Quran describes paradise
as a garden of
eternity(Arabic jannat al
khuld) with four rivers of
water, milk,wine and
honey.
 Gardens has been built as
the earthly representions
of the lush and splendid
gardens of paradise
described in the holy book.

11.  Humayun's Tomb was the first garden
tomb made in India.
 The garden is divided into 36 squares
by a grid of water channels and paths.
 The square garden is surrounded by a
high rubble wall divided initially into
four large squares separated by
causeways and channels, each square
divided again into smaller squares by
pathways creating a char bagh.
 The laying down of the gardens in the
Persian style was introduced by Babur
and continued till the period of Shah
Jahan.

14.  The complex is set around a large 300-meter square
charbagh, a mughal garden.
 The garden uses raised pathways that divide each of
the four quarters of the garden into 16 sunken parterres
flowerbeds.
 A raised marble water tank at the center of the garden,
halfway between the tomb and gateway, with a
reflecting pool on North-South axis reflects the image
of the Taj Mahal.
 Elsewhere, the garden is laid out with avenues of trees
and fountains

17.  The gardens comprise three terraces, containing a canal
supplied with water from the Harwan gardens nearby.
 The top garden, unseen from below, was reserved for
the ladies of the court.
 The garden is considered to be very beautiful during
the Autumn and Spring seasons due to the colour
change in leaves and the blooming of flowers.
 The gardens were the inspiration for other gardens of
the same name, notably the Shalimar Gardens in
Lahore, Pakistan.
 Upon completion of the gardens, the emperor is said to
have recited the famous Persian expression:“If there is
a paradise on earth, it is this, it is this, it is this. ”

24.  is situated on the sandy bank of Yamuna River
just opposite the Taj Mahal mausoleum.
 The name Mehtab Bagh means 'Moon Lit
Garden' and the same is testified by the
beautiful reflection of Taj Mahal in the pool at
night in Mahtab Bagh.
 The place has a history of its own. It is
believed that the great emperor Shah Jahan
who built Taj Mahal for his queen wanted an
identical one for himself at Mehtab Bagh.
 However the archaeological findings have
proved the existence of garden complex.

25. This place was once a heavenly garden with shaded
pavilions, fountain jets, fragrant flowers and fantastic
pools.
•But gradually the site became desolate & has now turned
in to an epicenter for the project to establish protective
green around the Taj Mahal.
•The garden has been renovated by the Archaeological
Survey according to the original plan.
•The place has been enriched with vegetation and at present
more than 40 species of plants bloom in the garden.
•The garden has been built in a typical Charbagh fashion.

28. The Brindavan Gardens is one of the most beautiful garden in
India, lies next to the Krishnarajasagara dam built across the
Kaveri river near the city of Mysore. The Mughal style garden
is one of the major attractions and visited by 2 million tourists
per year.

29. The terraced Mughal garden is located on the eastern
side of the Dal Lake near Srinagar and second largest
Mughal garden in the Valley of Kashmir.

30. The Rashtrapati Bhavan garden or presidential gardens is
situated at the backside of the Bhavan and open to
public in February every year. The Mughal Gardens is the
most beautiful gardens of India and feature a vast
variety of flowers.

31. Submitted by:
P.Bindu aparna
Roll no:313106101025