The document provides an overview of Mughal gardens. Some key points: - Mughal gardens were built in the Persian style of Islamic architecture and influenced by Persian and Timurid gardens. They used rectilinear layouts with walled enclosures. - Important features included the char bagh layout which divided the garden into quarters with water channels and paths. Gardens included pools, fountains and canals. - Famous examples mentioned include the gardens of the Taj Mahal in Agra, Humayun's Tomb in Delhi, and Shalimar Bagh in Kashmir. - Gardens were classified into tomb gardens, palace gardens, and terraced gardens depending on their layout

1. MUGHAL GARDENS
A group of gardens built by the Mughals in the
Persian style of architecture.
Presented By-
• Ibtisam
• Karan
• Aman
• Nikhaar
• Ankit

2. TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION………………………………………..3-5
VARIOUS MUGHAL GARDENS…………………….....6
CLASSIFICATION……………………………………......7
FEATURES………………………………………………..8-11
TOMB GARDEN………………………………………....12-16
PALACE GARDEN………………………………………17-20
GARDENS OF TAJ MAHAL…………………………......21-26
TERRACED GARDEN…………………………………...27-29
RASHTRAPATI BHAWAN………………………………..30-34

3. INTRODUCTION
 Mughal gardens are a group of
gardens built by the Mughals in the
Islamic style of architecture.
 This style was influenced by Persian
Gardens and Timurid gardens.
 Significant use of Rectilinear Layouts
are made within the walled enclosures.

4.  The founder of the Mughal empire, Babur described his
favourite type of garden as a CHARBAGH.
 This word developed a new meaning in India, because as
Babur explains, India lacked the fast-flowing streams required
for the Central Asian Charbagh.

5.  The Agra garden, now known as the Ram Bagh, is thought
to have been the first Charbagh. India, Bangladesh and
Pakistan have a number of Mughal gardens which differ from
their Central Asian predecessors with respect to 'the highly
disciplined geometry'.

6. VARIOUS MUGHAL GARDENS
• Humayun's Tomb-Delhi (Nizamuddin)
• Taj Mahal-Agra
• Ram Bagh-Agra
• Mehtab Bagh-Agra
• Shalimar Gardens (Kashmir)-Kashmir
• Safdarjung's Tomb
• Yadvindra Gardens-Pinjore
• Khusro Bagh, Allahabad

7. CLASSIFICATION
Mughal Gardens are generally divided into 4 sections –
 Rectangular Pearl garden
 Long Butterfly garden
 Circular garden
 Terraced garden

8. FEATURES
1. Significant use of
rectilinear layouts are
made within the walled
enclosures.
2. Typical features
include pools, fountains
and canals inside the
gardens.

9. 3. Had handsome walls and great gateways More like forts than gardens
City was pleasantly adorned
4. Most important feature of Mughal garden is Char Bagh planning.
5. Mughals were obsessed with symbol and incorporated it into their
gardens in many ways.

10. 6. Include trees of various sorts,
some to provide shade merely,
and others to produce fruits;
flowers, colorful and sweet-
smelling;
grass, usually growing wild under
the trees;
birds to fill the garden with song;
the whole cooled by a pleasant
breeze.

11. 7. The garden might include a raised hillock at
the center, reminiscent of the mountain at the
center of the universe in cosmological
descriptions, and often surmounted by a
pavilion or palace.

12. TOMB GARDEN
• Universally planned in the midst of
a CHAR BAGH
• founded with architectural
elements such as STONE
PATHWAYS, CANALS, LILY
POND, LOTUS-TANKS, STAIRS ,
CASCADES and WATERFALLS.
• Example : Humayun’s Tomb

13. Scarce Vegetation with
the help of Palm Trees
 While the main tomb took over eight years to build, it was also placed in centre of a 30-acre
(120,000 m2) Char Bagh Garden which was the first of its kind in the South Asia in such a scale.
 The highly geometrical and enclosed Paradise Garden is divided into four squares by paved walkways
(khiyabans) and two bisecting central water channels, reflecting the four rivers that flow in jannat,
the Islamic concept of paradise.
 The central water channels appear to be disappearing beneath the tomb structure and reappearing on
the other side in a straight line, suggesting the Quranic verse, which talks of rivers flowing beneath the
'Garden of Paradise'.

14. HU MA YU N ’S TO MB
 Humayun's Tomb was the first garden
tomb made in India.
 The garden is divided into 36 squares by
a grid of water channels and paths.
 These channels of water also facilitates
the formation of Charbagh at Humayun’s
Tomb.

15. Meeting point of all the channel
Single rectangular bagh
Fountain at the central axis

16. MU G HA L G A RDEN A T HU MA YU N ’S TO MB
 The laying down of the gardens in
the Persian style was introduced by
Babur and continued till the period of
Shah Jahan

17. PALACE GARDEN
• Gardens along with such water devices as tanks, canals,
cascades and fountains.
• Illustrated by a large no. of paintings of this period

18. RAMBAGH GARDEN, AGRA
 The Ram Bagh is the oldest Mughal Garden in
India,
 Built by the Mughal Emperor Babur in 1528
A.D.
 Planned following the char bagh pattern
 Four main divisions crisscrossed by paths and
waterways.
 Located about five kilometers northeast of the
Taj Mahal.

19.  Water represented life
 The garden is a Paradise garden or Char
bagh, where pathways and canals divide the
garden to represent the Islamic ideal of paradise,
an abundant garden through which rivers flow.
 The Ram Bagh provides an example of a
variant of the char bagh in which water cascades
down three terraces in a sequence of cascades.

20. Example : Ram Bagh , Garden around a fort at Agra

21. The gardens of TAJ

22. MAHTAB BAGH
 It is situated on the sandy bank of Yamuna River just opposite the Taj Mahal
mausoleum.
 The name Mahtab Bagh means 'Moon Lit Garden' and the same is testified
by the beautiful reflection of Taj Mahal in the pool at night in Mahtab Bagh.
 The place has a history of its own. It is believed that the great emperor Shah
Jahan who built Taj Mahal for his queen wanted an identical one for himself at
Mahtab Bagh.
 However the archaeological findings have proved the existence of garden
complex.

23. MAHTAB BAGH

24.  This place was once a heavenly garden with
shaded pavilions, fountain jets, fragrant flowers
and fantastic pools.
 The garden has been renovated by the
Archaeological Survey according to the original
plan.
 The place has been enriched with
vegetation and at present more
than 40 species of plants
bloom in the garden.
 The garden has been built in a
typical Char bagh fashion.

25. PLAIN GARDEN
• Gardens were laid down independently on a plain surface on char bagh plan ,
enclosed on all sides by a PARKOTA ( RAMPATS )with a main gateway in the south
and with some ornamental gateways on other sides.
• Divided in four equal parts by four CANALS running from central platform with
stone or or brick paved causeways on both sides ,having tanks ,and cascades
sometimes.
• Perfectly unified homogeneous composition.
• Pleasure pavilion was originally built on the central later sometimes replaced by a tomb
of the owner of the garden.

26. PLAN – TAJ MAHAL

27. TERRACED GARDEN
• laid out with all the basic elements of the plain garden in several terraces
• had a central canal in the middle, descending from one terrace to the other, through
broad fish scaled cascades and relay-tanks
• each terrace generally having its own independent CHAR BAGH plan.

28.  Terrace garden: There are two longitudinal strips of garden, at a higher
level on each side of the Main Garden, forming the Northern and Southern
boundaries. The plants grown are the same as in the Main Garden. At the
centre of both of the strips is a fountain, which falls inwards, forming a well.
On the Western tips are located two gazebos and on the Eastern tips two
ornately designed sentry posts.

29. SHALIMAR BAGH
• Includes all the
features of a
mughal garden
• Has 3 terraces
• The 2nd terrace
garden along the
axial canal slightly
broader, has two
shallow terraces.

30. • The carved stone
bases and a fine
platform surrounded
by fountains are still
seen
• Shalimar Bagh is
well known for chini
khanas, or arched
niches, behind garden
waterfalls.
• The garden is
considered to be very
beautiful during the
autumn and spring
seasons due to the
colour change in
leaves of the famed
Chinar trees.

31.  Main garden: Two channels running North to South and two running East
to West divide this garden into a grid of squares. There are six lotus shaped
fountains at the crossings of these channels. Whereas the energetic fountains
rising up to a height of 12 feet (3.7 m) create a soothing murmur that enthralls
the visitor, the channels are so tranquil in their movement that they seem frozen.
In the channels at appropriate times of day can be seen reflections of the
imposing building and the proud flowers. There are wooden trays placed on
stands in the centre of the channels where grain is put for the birds to feed
upon.

32. Rashtrapati Bhawan has all the features of a Mughal Garden
The Mughal Gardens are situated at the back of the Rashtrapati Bhavan,
incorporate both Mughal and English landscaping styles and feature
a great variety of flowers.
The Rashtrapati Bhavan gardens are open to the public in
February every year.

34.  Long Garden or the 'Purdha Garden': This is located to the West of the
Main Garden, and runs along on each side of the central pavement which goes to
the circular garden. Enclosed in walls about 12 feet high, this is predominantly a
rose garden. It has 16 square rose beds encased in low hedges. There is a red
sandstone pergola in the centre over the central pavement which is covered with
Rose creepers, Petrea, Bougainvillea and Grape Vines. The walls are covered with
creepers like Jasmine, Rhyncospermum, Tecoma Grandiflora, Bignonia Vanista,
Adenoclyma, Echitice, Parana Paniculata. Along the walls are planted the China
Orange trees.

35. THANK YOU