The Fin Garden is a historical Persian garden located in Kashan, Iran, dating back to 1590. It covers 2.3 hectares and employs many water features like pools and fountains fed by a natural spring. The garden combines architectural elements from various periods and contains cypress trees and the historic Fin Bath. It demonstrates traditional Persian garden design principles and was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2012.

2.  Also known as Iranian gardens in
Iran.
 Had influenced the gardens from all
over the world.
 Styles follow the gardening styles of
Egypt.
 The garden's purpose was to
provide a place for protected
relaxation
 Spritiual and
 Leisure (e.g., meetings with
friends)

3.  Originated in early 4000 BCE.
 The decorated pottery displays the typical cross
plan of the Persian garden.
 Gardens are enclosed
 “Pairi daeza” means enclosed space in Persian
language
 Christian mythology adopted this term to
describe the paradise on earth
 Emphasis on fountains and ponds

4.  The garden's construction may be
 Formal (with an emphasis on
structure) or
 Casual (with an emphasis on
nature)
 Follows simple design rules.
 allows maximization in terms of
function and emotion

5.  The construction have emphasis
either on
 nature or
 Structure
 Gardens were built as retreat from
harsh landscape
 Characteristics of
 shady trees
 high walled structures
 water streams and
 Fountains
 Straight tile-lined channels
of water
 Factors that lead Persian Gardens as
paradise on earth
 local climate

6. Classical
Hayat
Hayat
Formal
Meidan
Char-
Bagh
Casual
Park
Bagh
Public
Private

7.  Public
◦ Layout highly emphasizes on aesthetics.
◦ The ground often covered in gravel
flagged with stone.
◦ The grounds are covered with gravels
flagged with stones.
◦ Simple planting, Trees planted in a line
◦ Structure centered
 Private
◦ Few plants, often due to the limited water
available in urban areas
◦ These gardens pool-centered
◦ The pool serves as
 a focus and
 source of humidity for structural

8.  Public, formal garden
 Emphasizes more on biotic elements
than structure
 Elements like gravel pathways, pools
divide the lawns
 The shade providing structures pavilions
are also built

9.  Formal and private
 Garden structure mainly consists of
four quadrants divided by
◦ Pathways and
◦ waterways
 Balanced structure with
◦ Proper pathways and
◦ Greenery or plants (around the
periphery of pool)

10.  Casual gardens
 Focuses on
 Natural and
 Green aspects of nature
 Often attached to houses
consisting of
 Trees,
 Lawns and
 Ground plants
 Gives less emphasis on waterways
and pathways.
 Prime aim - familial relaxation.

11.  Casual parks used for public
functions
 These are full of various plants
 Pathways and seating
 Gardens limited of structural
elements.
 Purpose - relaxation and
socialization

12.  Visual expanse of garden
 The greater length helps to create
space for meditation and enjoyment
 Roads stretched into horizon
 Brooks running to end of garden
 little gardens within main garden,
 Natural slope of land and
 Difference in vision angle (enriches
the perspective of the space)
 Also, one of the main principles of
Persian architecture is internalization
and this is why gardens are walled
and enclosed spaces.

13.  Main issue - to get water from distance points.
 Qanats and wells constructed at the heart of the garden.
 Water would run into
◦ well- spaced brooks and
◦ branch into different sections

14.  Rectangular geometry of garden
 It also helped to frame part of earth by
imposing a definite geometrical
pattern
 unique and intricate geometrical
design
 Shape made easy to
◦ locate a precise place for planting
trees and
◦ Execution of structural elements.

15.  Granges were given symmetrical
 Trees, shrubs and flowers were planted symmetrically.

16.  Manifest in placement of granges
 Granges of the Hasht Behesth (eight
paradises) design :
◦ Granges are situated at crossroads
◦ divide the garden into different
sections and
◦ Draw more attention

17. Sunlight
◦ The important factor to be considered sunlight and its effects
◦ Architects arranged to restrain (control) sunlight
◦ Textures and shapes were used to harness (prevent) light.
Shade
◦ Important element due to heat of Iran
◦ Gardens includes trees, shrubs and trellises which work as biotic shades to provide
protection
◦ Walls and pavilions used in blocking the harsh sunrays

18. Water
o Deserted conditions, therefore water is also important feature
o Trees are planted in a ditch called a jub
o to prevent water evaporation and
o allow quick access of water to tree roots
o The underground water canals are built on slopes to facilitate
o natural or
o Artificial flow of water (waterfalls).
Building
o Different structural designs like royal palaces, mansions, temples, etc.
o build domes on square buildings
o These enhance the beauty of these gardens.
o beautiful arches were constructed.
o Beautiful types of glasses (e.g. stain glasses) were used for windows and other glass
works.

19. PERSIAN GARDEN

20.  Adds to beauty of the Taj, but they also give it the calm and serene
ambience which makes visiting the Taj Mahal a real pleasure.
 Gardens start from the main gateway and extend up to the Taj mausoleum
 Fountains and running channels of water are typical of garden
 Gardens are divided into four parts (char bagh), with two main walkways.

- Each of these four parts are further divided into four parts, thus
creating sixteen squares.
- A central canal with a line of fountains passes in between the main
walkway from the main gate to the base of the mausoleum
- The two main walkways(central and east-west)meet in the center where a
raised marble lotus platform is built, it includes a pool with fountains and two
marble bench

21. Taj gardens : main walkway
with reflective pool

22.  Bench towards the main gateway on
the raised marble platform is known
as the 'Diana bench‘
 On the ends of the main canal,
running east-west from the central
raised marble platform are the water
palaces (Jal Mahal)
 Both the eastern and the western
water palaces are identical and built
of red sandstone.
 The western water palace building
houses the Taj museum.

23.  Mughal garden in India, linked through a
channel to the northeast of Dal Lake
 other names are Shalamar Garden, Shalamar
Bagh, Farah Baksh and Faiz Baksh, and the
other famous shore line garden in the vicinity
is Nishat Bagh
 The Bagh was built by Mughal Emperor
Jahangir for his wife Nur Jahan, in 1619.
 The Bagh is considered the high point of
Mughal horticulture
 It is now a public park.

24.  The similarity in layout of the garden and its architectural
features with the Shalimar Gardens suggest that they may have
been designed by the same architect, Ali Mardan
 Garden describe its profusion of vegetation, including
abundant roses, daffodils, and fruit trees.
 It symbolizes the four flowing rivers of Jannah (Paradise) and
reflects the Paradise garden derived from the Persian paridaeza,
meaning 'walled garden
 Paradise is described as an ideal garden of abundance with four
rivers flowing from a central spring or mountain, separating the
garden into north, west, south and east

25.  Garden is an adaptation of another Islamic Garden layout known as the Persian
garden
 Built on a flat land on a square plan with four radiating arms from a central
location as the water source
 The garden has three terraces fitted with fountains and with Chinar (sycamore)
tree-lined vistas
 Covers an area of 12.4 hectares built with a size 0f 587 m length on the main
axis channel with total width of 251 m
 The garden has three terraces fitted with fountains and with Chinar (sycamore)
tree-lined vistas
 Shah nahar is the main feeder channel to all the terraces.
 Each one of the three terraces has a specific role
 Willow groves and rice terraces fringed the lake edge.
 Broad green paths bordered the lake with rows of chinar trees.

26. Marble pavilion entrance channel
Garden with dal lake in view of Shalimar bagh
background

27.  first terrace - public garden or the outer garden ending in the Diwan-e-Aam
(public audience hall). In this hall, a small black marble throne was installed
over the waterfall
 Second terrace - The Diwan-e-Khas (the Hall of Private Audience), which was
accessible only to the noblemen or guests of the court
- However, the carved stone bases and a fine platform surrounded by
fountains are still seen
-The royal bathrooms are located on the north-west boundary of this
enclosure.
-The fountain pools of the Diwan-e-Khas, the Diwan-e-Aam, and in
turn, the Zenana terrace ae supplied in succession.
It has 410 fountains

28.  Third terrace - the axial water channel flows through the
Zenana garden, which is flanked by the Diwan-e-Khas and
chinar trees.
- At the entrance to this terrace, there are two small
pavilions or guard rooms (built in Kashmir style on stone plinth)
that is the restricted and controlled entry zone of the royal
harem
- encircled by a fountain pool that receives its supply from
a higher terrace
- double cascade falls against a low wall carved with small
niches behind the pavilion
-Two smaller, secondary water canals lead from the Black
Pavilion to a small baradari

30.  Fin Garden, or Bagh-e Fin, located in Kashan
 It contains Kashan's Fin Bath
 Completed in 1590, the Fin Garden is the oldest extant garden in Iran
 UNESCO declared the garden a world heritage site on July 18, 2012
 It was built near the village of Fin under the reign of Abbas I of Persia
(1571-1629).
 It is a historical Persian garden.
 The garden might have its origin in Safavid period

31.  The garden covers 2.3 hectares.
 With a main yard surrounded by ramparts with four circular towers.
 The Fin Garden employs a great many water features.
 These were fed from a spring on a hillside behind the garden,
 The water pressure was such that a large number of circulating pools and
fountains could be constructed without the need for mechanical pumps.
 The garden contains numerous cypress trees and combines architectural
features of various periods.