HUMAYUN'S TOMB

HUMAYUN TOMB
MADE BY:- ROLL
NO.
SAHIL NAGPAL 232
PRACHI DABAS (LEADER) 492
KARANBIR SINGH 152
GARIMA LONGIANY 1252
PAVAN KUMAR 842
MANOJ KUMAR 902
RAHUL 1462
LALTHANGLEEN SITLHOI 1052Sri Guru Nanak Dev Khalsa College
(University of Delhi)

Humayun's Tomb is an early example
of Mughal architecture built in Delhi.
Built in the mid 16th century by his wife
Haji Begum.
The tomb is situated south of the Purana
Qila, on the eastern edge of Delhi
It is set in the center of a garden in the
classical Mughal char bagh pattern.
A high wall surrounds the garden on
three sides.
The garden is divided into four parts by
two bisecting water channels with paved
walkways (khiyabans), which terminate
at two gates.
Its plan, based on the description of
Islamic paradise gardens, is known to
have inspired from the Taj Mahal.
INTRODUCTION

SELECTION OF SITE
Hazrat nizammudin auliya
residence was in the
precinct,Humayun himself found
close to this soil.
The premises was already within
the city of sher shah suri and
perhaps the south gate of the
purana qila and barapullah.
Easily available materials,
artesian and skilled laborers
Its close proximity to yamuna river
were other factors for the selection
of this site.

AIDUKA
It was a quadrangular structure which
enshrined bone relics.
It was a three tiered quadrangular
structure which assume a circular form
above the third plinth and having steps
on all the four sides.
Humayun’s tomb is also a three tiered
quadrangular structure having steps on
all sides and circular dome above the
third plinth.

It is a square ninefold plan.
Eight two-storyed vaulted
chambers radiate from the
central, double-height domed
chamber.
The chambers of each level
are interconnected by straight
and diagonal passages.
Each of the main chambers
has in turn eight more, smaller
chambers radiating from it.
 The symmetrical ground
plan contains 124 vaulted
chambers in all.
PLAN

The central octagonal chamber has the cenotaph
of Humayun, which is encompassed by octagonal
chambers at the diagonals
It also has arched lobbies on the sides and their
openings are closed with perforated screens.
Central octagonal hall has eight alcoves, one on
either side,divided into a double-storeyed
elevation.
The third storey above them has jail openings.
Above them is the stalactite which takes the
double-dome.
Three emphatic arches dominate on each side,
of which the central one is the highest
PLAN

The second storey also has a similar design
 Roof surmounted by a 42.5 meters high
double dome with marble and pillared kiosks
or chhatris placed around it, which occurs
here for the first time in India.
This architectural design is known as hasht
bihisht (Eight Paradise) and is typical of
Iranian buildings from the time of Timur the
Lame.
ROOF PLAN
The stone windows are placed in such a
way on all the floors that they allow light to
stream into the central hall throughout the day.

The top of its central
dome reaches 140 feet
from the ground.
The dome is double-
layered
i.The outer layer
supports the white
marble exterior
facing.
ii.The inner one
defines the cavernous
interior volume.

THE SARCOPHAGUS
The sarcophagus of Humayun is found
in the central domed chamber.
The head pointing north,and facing
west according to Islamic practice.
Black marble has been used for
geometrical patterns to relive the
monotony.
S E chamber – 3 daughters of
humayun
N E chamber – 2 wives of humayun
S W chamber – bahadur shah and his
wife
The sex of each occupant is marked by
a simple carved symbol:
a)A box of writing instruments indicates a
male.
b)A writing slate indicates a female.

WESTERN GATE
This west gateway is 16 m high.
Rooms on each side flank the
central passage
The upper floor has small
courtyard.each side is crowned by
a square chatri composed of
jalied balustrade, slender piller,
chajja and a white marble cupola
resting on a square inlaid drum.
Six sided stars used by the
mughals as an ornamental cosmic
symbol adorn the structure.

SOUTHERN GATE
It is a double story building
Local grey quartzite with red
sandstone is used lavishly on all
edges.
 White marble is used on all
prominent outline.
A screen of arches attach to
the gateway on either side at an
inclined angle adds the grand
effect of this imposing gateway.

ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES
.
Pink and white stone is used in the construction of the tomb.
The dome of the tomb is made of white stone, which gives it
a beautiful look.
.
A large iwan, a high arch, punctuates the center of
each facade, and is set back slightly. Together with the
other arches and openings, giving the façade a depth.
The architects of the tomb, Sayyed Mohammad and his
father were persian.But they were influenced with the
Hindu architecture and other buildings in the Delhi.
It has hexagonal chattries (domed pavilions) like those
found in the Rajput forts

STRUCTURES NEAR
HUMAYUN’S TOMB

BABUR’S TOMB
Babur's tomb lies south east of
Humayun's tomb in the same complex.
It is said that Humayun built this
impressive square tomb with a double
dome to honor his favorite barber, as the
barber played a prominent part in the
lives of Mughal rulers.
There are two graves with inscriptions
from the Holy Quran within this tomb.

AFSARWALA MOSQUE AND TOMB
The Afsarwala mosque is located
in the eastern enclosure of the
Arab Sarai on a raised platform.
Its prayer hall has three arched
openings surmounted by a dome.
To its north is a long hall in
time-worn condition.
The tomb lies in the southeastern
corner of the mosque on the same
platform.
It has an octagonal structure
surmounted by a double dome.

ARAB SARAI GATE
This 14 m high gateway led to
the walled enclosure which housed
the Persian craftsman who came
here for the building of humayun’s
tomb.
Red sandstone and white
marble inlay work add a striking
touch to the gateway mostly built
of Delhi quartzite stone.
The projecting jharokhas still
display remnants of the glazed
tiles.

ISA KHAN’S TOMB AND MOSQUE
The tomb rises from a low pedestal surrounded by
a small wall with the sides of the main chamber
closed by penetrated stone slabs except on the west
and south.
The central dome of the tomb rises from a 32-sided
drum.
The mosque next to the tomb is situated to the
western side of the octagonal enclosure. Built of
sandstone and lime, the mosque has three domes.
Built by Isa Khan in 1547-48, the tomb is located
in the center of an octagonal garden enclosure.
Ornamented with glazed tiles, the red sandstone
tomb has a roof surmounted by a domed chhatri.
Good example of the Lodi style of architecture.
Each side of the central octagonal chamber has
three arches and each arch has a chhajja or lintel.

The water channels meet at a central
reference point mostly a Tomb
Examples:the Gardens Of Alhambara built in
13th
century,the & Taj Mahal built in 16th
century
PARADISE GARDEN-CHAHAR BAGH
Charbagh is a rectangular or square
enclousure
Divided in four Quarters by water channels
running in four directions (north, South, east
and west)
The four main sections are separated by two
water channels which bisect at right angles.

These chahar bagh are not just
gardens but more than that.
The symbolism behind it very strong
and relates to the life after death
The Quran(xxv.15) describes paradise
as a garden of eternity (Arabic jannat al-
khuld) with four rivers: of water, milk,
wine and honey.
Gardens had been built as earthly
representations of the lush and splendid
gardens of paradise described in the
holy book .
THE CONCEPT

Gardens often formed an important
accompaniment to architecture.
Without these gardens, the
splendors, visual impact and
symbolism of the building or the tomb
would be greatly reduced.
One of the most prominent forms in
a Paradise Garden is perhaps its
fourfold.
Here paradise lies in the midst of
square after square being divided into
smaller squares by channels of water.
Water is carried north, south, east
and west. Larger paradises give way
to smaller paradises.
THE CONCEPT & ITS EXECUTION

The tomb proper stands in the centre
of a square garden, divided into four
main parterres by causeways
(charbagh), in the centre of which ran
shallow water-channels
Symbolically, these were the perfect
embodiment of the Islamic ideal, the
ultimate paradise garden, with the
emperor forever in paradise.
The large square enclosure, divided
with geometric precision,was the ordered
universe.
In the centre, the tomb itself rose like
the cosmic mountain above four rivers
represented by the water-channels.
Eternal flowers, herbs, fruit, water
and birds added further character to the
tomb garden...

The addition of water courses is
endemic to the chahar-bagh design,
and their presence is often read as a
reference to the four rivers of Paradise
one each of
honey,
wine,
milk, and
water;
all four meeting at the central water
tank called as “the pool of
abundance” or. “Al-Kawther”.
The central water tank is a
representation of the 'celestial pool of
abundance' and the place where man
met God.

 Emphasizing architectural elements,
Masking outdoor noise,
Producing pleasing sounds,
Irrigating plants,
Moisturizing and cooling the hot dry microclimate,
Soothing the dusty wind,
Providing a source for ablutions before prayers.
ROLE OF WATER

BAGH E BABUR
THE FIRST MUGHAL GARDEN
The 11-hectare terraced garden on
the western slopes of the Sher-e-
Darwaza Mountain south of Kabul was
laid out by the founder of the Mughal
dynasty, Muhammad Zahir al-Din Babur
(1526-1530)
It is the first garden built by the
founder of Mughal dynasty
It was his favorite among the ten
gardens that he built in and around
Kabul, and he decided that it would be
his final resting place.
Babur was buried in Agra upon his
death and was reburied in the Kabul
garden by 1544.

Babur's wish, recorded in his memoirs (Baburnama) was that he be buried in a
modest grave open to the sky.
This wish was fulfilled during1544 when his body was moved from Agra, where
he had first been buried, to one of his favourite gardens in Kabul.
BAGH E BABUR

The overall layout is rectangular in plan,
An extension containing a caravanserai and
Another containing the burial terraces at the foot and head of the central axis
BAGH E BABUR

The garden is organized around a central water channel in the manner of Timurid
char baghs that Babur had admired in Samarkand and Herat.
Shah Jahan's extensive investments in Bagh-e Babur are described in the
Badshahnama, which mentions pools on 12 terraces along the central axis, linked by
waterfalls and marble-lined channels
BAGH E BABUR

SHAHJAHANI MOSQUE
White marble mosque was built by Shah
Jahan I (1628-1657) during his visit to
Babur's grave in 1645
The mosque stands on the thirteenth
terrace of the garden below Babur's grave,
It Comprises three bays.
It is open on three sides with archways --
three to the east and one to the north and south --
that feature cusped horseshoe arches.
The fired brick structure of the mosque is
faced with white marble and decorated with
carvings on the parapet and plinth and small
roundels above each arch.

The Garden Pavilion was built
in the late nineteenth century by
Amir Abdur Rahman Khan
(1880-1901),
GARDEN PAVILLION
It was built over a
Mughal water channel
and pool in the center
of the garden's central
axis.

BAG I ZAR AFSHAN
Babar’s tomb located at chauburj (agra) was the novel idea for the layout of proposed tomb
of Humayun.
This is presently known as Ram Bagh which is an abbreviation of its original name Araam
Bagh..
This tomb is the model idea for the architect of Humayun’s tomb. The architect picked the
char bagh concept from here.

O and O’ are shallow ponds.
Chaders ( cascades) each making a
charming waterfall , have been
provided intermittently, mainly on the
south side of the garden where there
is a natural slope which has been
used by the garden planner in this
beautiful way.

HUMAYUN'S TOMB

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