The document provides information about English garden styles and their history. It discusses how English gardens shifted from formal, symmetrical designs inspired by French and Dutch styles to more natural, irregular designs influenced by painting and incorporating nature. Key features of English gardens included rolling lawns, tree groves, lakes, and an appreciation of the natural world. Important designers like William Kent, Charles Bridgeman, and Lancelot "Capability" Brown pioneered this new English landscape style that focused on naturalistic designs and sweeping views.
2. ➔ The English landscape style is the known
influence that shifted from formal, symmetrical
gardens to a looser, irregular style.
➔ The English garden was a turn of the century
ideal and changed many aspects of landscape to
the community.
➔ The English landscape completely changed this
view to appreciate and value the natural world.
➔ This style was inspired by painting and its
design was influenced through many disciplines
such as history, philosophy and science.
➔ The innovative design of the english landscape
style forever changed gardening and influenced
many homeowners to bring a sense of nature
into their own yard to this day.
INTRODUCTION
ENGLISH GARDEN
3. HISTORY OF ENGLISH GARDENS
➔ The predecessors of the landscape garden in
England were the great parks created by Sir
John Vanbrugh (1664–1726) and Nicholas
Hawksmoor at Castle Howard (1699–1712),
Blenheim Palace (1705–1722), and the
Claremont Landscape Garden at Claremont
House (1715–1727).
➔ These parks featured vast lawns, woods, and
pieces of architecture, such as the classical
mausoleum designed by Hawksmoor at Castle
Howard.
➔ Before English garden most garden was
arranged in French or Dutch style .
4. ➔ These French and Dutch gardens have rectangular
subdivision.
Straight avenues & paths and water contained
symmetrically shaped basin
➔ At the center of the composition was the house,
behind which were formal and symmetrical gardens
in the style of the garden à la française, with ornate
carpets of floral designs and walls of hedges,
decorated with statues and fountains.
➔ These gardens, modelled after the gardens of
Versailles, were designed to impress visitors with
their size and grandeur.
HISTORY OF ENGLISH GARDENS
7. Important designers of English Gardens:
➔ William Kent – an architect, painter and
furniture designer. His gardens were designed
to compliment the Palladian architecture of the
houses he built.
➔ Charles Bridgeman- son of a gardener,
experienced horticulturist. Became Royal
gardener for Queene Anne and Prince George
of Denmark. Responsible for tending and
redesigning the royal gardens at Windsor,
Kensington Palace.
➔ Lancelot “Capability” Brown – gardener
under Charles Bridgeman but became most
influential figure in later development of
English Garden.
INTRODUCTION TO NEW STYLE
8. ➔ Lancelot “Capability” Brown - Contribution was to simplify the garden by
eliminating geometric structures, alleys and parterres near the house and
replacing them with rolling lawns and extensive views. He created artificial
lakes and used dams and canals to transform streams or springs into the illusion
that a river flowed through the gardens.
➔ 17th century English gardens were also influenced by Chinese gardens Noted
that Chinese gardens avoided formal rows of trees and flower beds, and instead
placed trees and plants in irregular ways to strike the eye and create beautiful
composition. During the 18th century the French designers began to adapt the
English styles. The new style also had the advantage of requiring fewer
gardeners, and was easier to maintain than then French Garden.
INTRODUCTION TO NEW STYLE
9. ● LAKE: There was always a lake in the english
gardens, most were man-made but all appeared to be
natural forming basins. Their edges were meandering
and irregular and often had pathways weaving
through the trees and close to the water’s edge.
● ROLLING LAWNS: Topography allow for
surprises as your coming around mounds or niches.
Even if you create a small mounding area, this
represents nature better than a completely leveled
landscape.
● TREE GROOVES: These were spread throughout
the landscape with paths that allowed the gardens
users to wander in and out of the groves and provide
a view of rolling lawns against mass tree plantings.
MAIN FEATURES
10. ● SCULPTURE: It was entirely different than previous garden art. Part of the english
landscape ideals was to provide views from a distance of classic detailed architecture and
ruins.
● HA-HA WALL: It was a type of wall used to prevent animals from entering too close to
the house without obstructing the view of the countryside.
● GROTTOS: These were used as romantic hideouts. They were man made but build to
resemble a dark natural forming cave.
11. ● Gently rolling beds
● Water in the form of small ponds
of streams
● Piers or bridges
● More flowers then the French
● Recreations of classic buildings
● Wattle Edging and Panels
● Thatch
● Natural stone
● Cobblestone
MAIN FEATURES
12.
13. ELEMENTS OF ENGLISH GARDEN
Symmetry and Paths
● In many cases, it’s a garden design shapes that
give it a classic English look. These shapes are
created using features like hardscaping paths,
retaining walls, flower beds, and hedges.
● To achieve the appearance of a neatly structured
English country garden, create symmetrical
designs using either curves, straight lines, or a
combination of both. If you have something
wilder in mind, then use winding paths to
establish the English cottage garden look.
14. ELEMENTS OF ENGLISH GARDEN
Perennials and Annuals
● When it comes to plantings for a traditional English
garden, you can start by focusing on perennials. Some of
the most popular options for this type of landscape design
include lupine, veronica, hydrangea, hibiscus, and bee
balm.
● As for annuals, cosmos, marigolds, daisies, and zinnias
are good choices.
● If you love the look of a wild and rustic cottage garden,
then consider planting an abundance of wildflowers, as
well. When choosing your plants, think about how you
can combine different varieties to make bold statements
and bring together contrasting hues, and consider using
shrubs to define different areas of the garden. Finally,
don’t forget to plant plenty of roses.
15. ELEMENTS OF ENGLISH GARDEN
Entryways and Edibles
● In addition to the garden’s layout and plantings, there are a few more things you can add to give
your new backyard landscaping the appearance of a traditional English garden.
● First, create inviting entryways using structures like picket fences and gates, vine-covered
arbors, and arches overgrown with roses. Second, consider including a kitchen garden filled
with herbs and edibles like mint, rosemary, lettuce, and beans.
● Lastly, be sure to incorporate a quiet place to sit and relax within your traditional English
garden
16. SHAPES:
While it is true that an English garden can have flower beds
planted in riotous combinations, those beds are usually
bordered by neatly shaped hedges and borders with clear
geometrical shapes. Living plant borders are used to create
“rooms” as well as visual pathways, guiding the eye to key
focal points.
FLOWERS:
The basis of your garden will be perennials that you can count
on to return year after year. Typical examples include Phlox,
Bee Balm, Lupine, Hibiscus and Hydrangea. These will be
accented with annuals that you can vary from season to season.
These include flowers such as Marigolds, Pansies and Cosmos.
Also, don’t forget rich, lush greenery.
Following are some of the elements of a typical English garden design:
17. ROSES:
Most English gardeners are very proud of their roses, even entering them in local and regional
contests. Wild English climbing roses are as popular as prim and precisely pruned rose trees.
HERBS & VEGETABLES:
A proper English garden will also include a kitchen garden of some sort, grown to supply herbs and
vegetables close at hand.
18. ● The English style gardens were built in a massive
scale, however, it is still possible to design an
english style garden in a residential landscape.
● Replicate the areas within an english landscape
style by scaling them down.
● Tree groves can be sized down to consist of a
small grouping, and a small wooden foot bridge
can be incorporated over the small pond area.
● Plant groups of the flowers that will provide color
and a nice fragrance.
● These gardens are designed to look natural and be
a place for meditation and relaxation.
● The english landscape design style is guaranteed
to introduce a sense of mystery to your landscape.
ENGLISH GARDEN (RESIDENCE)
19. ➔ The savill garden
➔ Stourhead
➔ Bowood house
➔ Gravetye manor
➔ Great dixter
➔ Trentham gardens
➔ The royal garden at highgrove
➔ Rousham house
Case Studies
20. ● Rousham house in oxfordshire is considered by some as the most accomplished and significant
of william kent's work.
● The patron was general dormer, who commissioned bridgeman to begin the garden in 1727.
But then brought in kent to recreate it in 1737
● He has used a statue of apollo inside the garden , depicting a theatre play that how a groove of
trees draws the eye on the statute .
● to achieve a paintly effect kent instructed his gardener to use dark colours of evergreen trees.
Other features
● to create the illusion of unbroken landscape kent has used several technique at the garden of
rousham house.
● one of those technique is ha-ha wall
● a wall that separated garden from grazing land , being invisible from a distance
● cattle could be kept separated without the use of hedges or fences.
ROUSHAM HOUSE
21. ● At rousham kent extended the views into the distance by designing a gothic style
alteration to an old mill on the other side of river.
● High up in the hill he created a large triple arch architectural folly called the eye-
catcher.
● It was made on purpose to direct the view towards the field above the garden.
● Kent’s crafted views are best appreciated from the seat he has designed and
scattered throughout his
● Gardens and rustic seat provide the view of garden to watch the river flow
beneath the stone bridge.
● Kent’s garden often announced themselves with spectacular gates , entrances , he
has put those gates and entrances on the perimeter of the land owner holdings in
roushams.
ROUSHAM HOUSE
22. ● After years of experimenting with cascades and different commissions he created
the spectacular veil of venus at roushams it had fountain at that time which went up
as long as 50 feet in air.
23. ● Trentham gardens described as “the garden
makeover of the decade”, the gardens at
trentham in the north-west of england have
benefitted from the expertise and skill of
great modern garden designers such as tom
stuart smith, piet oudolf and nigel dunnett.
● Incorporating wonderful historic features
such as capability brown’s lake and sir
charles barry’s parterre, the new design
features innovative and contemporary
planting which is setting the trend for the
next generation of gardens
TRENTHAM GARDENS
