Motivation refers to factors that induce people to act or move in a desired way to achieve organizational goals. It is a complex process that begins with a need and results in goal-directed behavior. Managers use various motivators like pay, bonuses, recognition to influence employee behavior. Motivation theories like Maslow's hierarchy of needs, Herzberg's two-factor theory, expectancy theory, and equity theory provide frameworks to understand factors that motivate individuals and affect performance. Goal setting, leadership, and other techniques can also influence employee motivation levels.
Leadership plays a central part in understanding group behavior, for it is the leader who usually provides the direction toward goal attainment. Therefore, a more accurate predictive capability should be valuable in improving group performance.
Based on Latin word “movere”, motive(need) has been defined as follows: “A motive is an inner state that energizes ,activates, or moves (hence motivation),and that direct behavior towards goals.”
Theories of Motivation in Organizational BehaviorMasum Hussain
Most employers today would like to have their employee’s motivated and ready to work, but do not understand what truly motivates a person. Companies could be more efficient if the employees had an invested interest in the future of the company. There are essential needs to be met for a person, specifically an employee, to succeed in the workplace. I will examine different theories of motivations, how they are relevant to the workplace, and how employers can implement the theories to ensure happy and motivated employees.
Human behaviour is as much a reflection of the differences between individuals as it is a reflection of their similarities. These individual differences are caused by a number of influences and characteristics. For example, personality traits focus on individual differences that make each person a unique human being. Our biological make-up concentrates on how we function as a result of our evolution and human inheritance. Our behaviour is largely influenced by the system of rewards and punishments that are present in our environment. Our cognitive approach focuses on how our thinking and memory affects our behaviour. The fact that we are here at this time with immediate influences, and the ability to express a free will, may present the greatest influence of all.
It broadly addresses the topic of employee relations and work motivation. It examined theories and models of motivation that strive to answer the question of what motivates and how is motivation harnessed. At the individual level of analysis, there is a plethora of different approaches, most of which have some conceptual viability, empirical support and practical use. A critical task for future thinking and research is to integrate findings from diverse sources in order to be able to produce a more coherent view of motivation, its content and mechanisms.
Any theories about motivation can be contradicted since these theories have many exceptions. It is important that these theories are considered general statements that have been confirmed through observational studies and are applicable only to the extent that they reflect and are influenced by individual behaviour. We might ask: “Why should we even pursue these topics if there are so many inconsistencies, exceptions, and variables that affect conclusions?”. If we are searching for scientific evidence that is universally applicable, we may be wasting our time, but if our goal is to better understand human behaviour and its impacts on personal performance, the insights gained from such theories and studies are invaluable.
Leadership plays a central part in understanding group behavior, for it is the leader who usually provides the direction toward goal attainment. Therefore, a more accurate predictive capability should be valuable in improving group performance.
Based on Latin word “movere”, motive(need) has been defined as follows: “A motive is an inner state that energizes ,activates, or moves (hence motivation),and that direct behavior towards goals.”
Theories of Motivation in Organizational BehaviorMasum Hussain
Most employers today would like to have their employee’s motivated and ready to work, but do not understand what truly motivates a person. Companies could be more efficient if the employees had an invested interest in the future of the company. There are essential needs to be met for a person, specifically an employee, to succeed in the workplace. I will examine different theories of motivations, how they are relevant to the workplace, and how employers can implement the theories to ensure happy and motivated employees.
Human behaviour is as much a reflection of the differences between individuals as it is a reflection of their similarities. These individual differences are caused by a number of influences and characteristics. For example, personality traits focus on individual differences that make each person a unique human being. Our biological make-up concentrates on how we function as a result of our evolution and human inheritance. Our behaviour is largely influenced by the system of rewards and punishments that are present in our environment. Our cognitive approach focuses on how our thinking and memory affects our behaviour. The fact that we are here at this time with immediate influences, and the ability to express a free will, may present the greatest influence of all.
It broadly addresses the topic of employee relations and work motivation. It examined theories and models of motivation that strive to answer the question of what motivates and how is motivation harnessed. At the individual level of analysis, there is a plethora of different approaches, most of which have some conceptual viability, empirical support and practical use. A critical task for future thinking and research is to integrate findings from diverse sources in order to be able to produce a more coherent view of motivation, its content and mechanisms.
Any theories about motivation can be contradicted since these theories have many exceptions. It is important that these theories are considered general statements that have been confirmed through observational studies and are applicable only to the extent that they reflect and are influenced by individual behaviour. We might ask: “Why should we even pursue these topics if there are so many inconsistencies, exceptions, and variables that affect conclusions?”. If we are searching for scientific evidence that is universally applicable, we may be wasting our time, but if our goal is to better understand human behaviour and its impacts on personal performance, the insights gained from such theories and studies are invaluable.
فرهاد زرگری , To Lead or to Manage that is the question, change management,futurology,heart and brain,leadership,management,mission statement,organizational change,organizational culture,organizational development,vision, Successful Governance,outcome oriented, Accountability vs Responsibility,
A good leader takes the lead. A good leader has personality, courage, clear vision with ambition to succeed. A good leader encourages the team to perform to their optimum all the time and drives organisational success.
For them,who studying management studies...........and try to make a good impression on their teachers..........So give this ppt to ur class n see,what they'll think about you.....Dis is my 1st ppt in my life n dis really helps me to improve my personality development................!!!!
This Presentation will contain the description about how an leader should bee and what qualities and leadership styles he must possess in the field of competitive world and how to get succeeded.
This is a scaled back less conservative version of my motivation and leadership PowerPoint presentation. The focus was taken off of data mining / statistics and geared towards positive influence. The presentation was far less formal compared to what I would have manufactured for a business presentation. Many of he slides are also condensed rather than detailed and drawn out to fit the allotted presentation time.
فرهاد زرگری , To Lead or to Manage that is the question, change management,futurology,heart and brain,leadership,management,mission statement,organizational change,organizational culture,organizational development,vision, Successful Governance,outcome oriented, Accountability vs Responsibility,
A good leader takes the lead. A good leader has personality, courage, clear vision with ambition to succeed. A good leader encourages the team to perform to their optimum all the time and drives organisational success.
For them,who studying management studies...........and try to make a good impression on their teachers..........So give this ppt to ur class n see,what they'll think about you.....Dis is my 1st ppt in my life n dis really helps me to improve my personality development................!!!!
This Presentation will contain the description about how an leader should bee and what qualities and leadership styles he must possess in the field of competitive world and how to get succeeded.
This is a scaled back less conservative version of my motivation and leadership PowerPoint presentation. The focus was taken off of data mining / statistics and geared towards positive influence. The presentation was far less formal compared to what I would have manufactured for a business presentation. Many of he slides are also condensed rather than detailed and drawn out to fit the allotted presentation time.
Slidecast based on a presentation given on October 29th 2009. An attempt to drill down to find concrete strategies to encourage optimal motivation for learning. Far from being an expert on this, this was an opportunity for me to explore a topic of interest.
Maslow’s-Hierarchy of Needs Theory Alderfer's ERG Theory McClelland’s Theor...Shilpi Arora
Maslow’s-Hierarchy of Needs Theory
Alderfer's ERG Theory
McClelland’s Theory of Needs
Herzberg's Two Factor Theory
Carrot and Stick Theory
Vroom’s Expectancy Theory
Equity Theory
Organizational behavior
1
Introduction
Organizational behavior (OB) can be defined as the study of interaction of individuals or groups within an organization.
It encompasses a critical look of how the individuals behave, traits they have as well as their attitude to different matters pertaining an organization.
Personality refers to the way an individuals reacts or interacts with others in the organization, it entails all the measurable personal traits such as aggressiveness and laziness.
Values on the other hand refers to the desirable characters that many people deem it as appropriate in an organization such includes honest.
Individual behavior refers to specific characteristics that describe a person from another in the organization (Miner, 2015).
2
Workplace Emotions, Attitudes, and Stress
Work place emotions refers to the Physiological, behavioral and psychological feelings towards something at the work place that influences ones performance.
Attitude on the other hand refers to the sum of beliefs and opinions towards something.
Stress on the other hand means a state of mental tension towards something at the work place.
All these have a direct impact on the employee performance at work. In organization it is therefore important for the managers to be able to identify this and devise ways to handle this among their employees.
3
Stereotyping and team decision making.
Stereotyping refers to the way people judge others basing on their sex, age, religion and other factors.
The question that has for many times been asked is whether stereotyping affects decision making and how does it affect it.
The truth of the matter is, stereotyping affects decision making as it allows one to make conclusion without any facts thus leading to erroneous decisions.
In business decision making may be left under a team, making decision among the team is relatively hard as a point of agreement must be attained.
4
Team decision making….
This process involves the following process:
Establishment of plan and structures
Defining goal to be achieved
Manage and set time to be taken
Appointment of team leader to lead the process
Laying out of different ideas
Apply and endorse most supported idea as the final decision (Zsambok & Klein, 2014)
5
Rewards and communication in the organization
One way to thank employees for their efforts is through rewarding them at the place of work. There are many types of rewards given to the employees, this includes, recognizing their effort, monetary rewards and promotions.
This is an important tool for employee motivation.
Many organizations operates in teams and this aids in attaining the set target on time.
Communication between the teams in the organization is very important as it helps in evaluating progress as well as clarification of targets to be attained.
Power, influence and leadership...
Power is a tool of influence used to attain.
1
Benchmark- Self Assessment and Reflection
Benchmark- Self Assessment and Reflection
Introduction
Self-assessment is the capacity to dive into one's nature to develop personal progress. Self-diagnosis is a talent that allows individuals to analyze their efforts and skills, limitations, and strengths and develop solutions to present problems. Mackey and Sisodia describe the capacity to lead with awareness, sensitivity, and emotional intelligence in their work. This essay explains the features of conscious leadership and the effect of two historical management theories, a summary of the findings of each assessment I performed, and the insights I obtained from my self-assignment.
Characteristics of Conscious Leadership
One of the characteristics of conscious leadership, according to Mackey and Sisodia, is the ability to understand business in terms of a larger purpose and the potential constructive effect it may have on the world around them (Mackey & Sisodia, 2014). Conscious leadership must be a command system that serves all stakeholders equally to achieve relevance. This is done through eliciting the best in others and focusing on collective rather than individual achievement (Mackey & Sisodia, 2014). A conscious leader is built on four pillars: a higher purpose, stakeholder change, personal command, and service to others. A higher purpose necessitates a reorientation of an organization's goals. Leaders must inspire and encourage all stakeholders while also changing staff via better training and serving as role models to bring out the best in every employee. Stakeholder transformation is the second pillar (Mackey & Sisodia, 2014).
This pillar contributes to the creation of a positive work environment and a transparent sequential chain of communication, which can improve employee performance by increasing the value of stakeholders through the establishment of a healthy ecosystem, which is critical for the achievement of the organization's goals (Mackey & Sisodia, 2014). The individual command adds to the notion of significance as a technique of doing things since it has a substantial impact on the work environment and employee performance, as well as on workers' incentive to invest in themselves to achieve a greater degree of personal interpretation (Mackey & Sisodia, 2014). Finally, conscious leadership requires a commitment to using one's talents, influence, position, and resources to impact positive change in society, which promotes accomplishments and better outcomes in the medium and long run, among other things (Mackey & Sisodia, 2014).
Two Historical Management Theories
A scientific theory, one of the two historical management theories, was developed in the early twentieth century by Frederick W. Taylor (Sobociski, 2017). Taylor was an engineer who experimented with many tactics to discover the most well-organized and efficient methods of completing the projects he was assigned to develop (Sobociski, 2017). He created ...
This presentation contain information about uttrakhand the famous tourist destination in India.
The famous attractions of that place, how to visit their, etc.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
2. Motivation means incitement or inducement to act or
move.
In business context, it means the process of making
subordinates to act in a desired manner to achieve certain
organizational goals.
According to Fred Luthans, ”Motivation is a process which
begins with a physiological or psychological need or
deficiency, which triggers behavior or a drive that is aimed at
a goal or incentive.
3. While discussing about motivation, we need to understand three inter
related terms — motive, motivation and motivators.
Motive - A motive is an inner state that energizes, activates or moves
and directs behavior towards goals. Motives arise out of the needs of
individuals.
Motivation - motivation is the process of stimulating people to action
to accomplish desired goals. Motivation depends upon satisfying needs
of people.
Motivators - Motivator is the technique used to motivate people in an
organization. Managers use diverse motivators like pay, bonus,
promotion, recognition, praise, responsibility etc., in the organization to
influence people to contribute their best.
4. Motivation is an internal feeling.
Motivation produces goal directed behavior.
Motivation can be either positive or negative.
Motivation is a complex process
5. Motivation helps to improve performance levels of
employees.
Motivation helps to change negative or indifferent attitudes
of employee to positive attitudes.
Motivation helps to reduce employee turnover and thereby
saves the cost of new recruitment and training.
Motivation helps to reduce absenteeism in the organization.
Motivation helps managers to introduce changes smoothly
without much resistance from people.
6. Abraham Maslow, a well-known Psychologist in a classic paper
published in 1943, outlined the elements of an overall theory of
motivation.
Maslow‘s Need Hierarchy Theory is considered fundamental to
understanding of motivation.
His theory was based on human needs. He felt that within every
human being, there exists a hierarchy of five
needs.
These are:
7.
8. The two-factor theory (also known as Herzberg's motivation-hygiene
theory and dual-factor theory) states that there are certain factors in
the workplace that cause job satisfaction, while a separate set of factors
cause dissatisfaction.
It was developed by Frederick Herzberg, a psychologist, who theorized
that job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction act independently of each
other.
Two-factor theory distinguishes between:
Motivators (e.g. challenging work, recognition, responsibility) that give
positive satisfaction, such as recognition, achievement, or personal
growth,[and
Hygiene factors (e.g. status, job security, salary, fringe benefits, work
conditions) that do not give positive satisfaction, though dissatisfaction
results from their absence.
9.
10. Expectancy theory proposes that a individual will decide to behave or
act in a certain way because they are motivated to select a specific
behavior over other behaviors due to what they expect the result of that
selected behavior will be.
Expectancy theory is about the mental processes regarding choice, or
choosing.
It explains the processes that an individual undergoes to make choices.
In the study of organizational behavior, expectancy theory is
a motivation theory first proposed by Victor Vroom of the Yale School of
Management.
11.
12. Equity theory is a theory that attempts to explain relational satisfaction
in terms of perceptions of fair/unfair distributions of resources within
interpersonal relationships.
Equity theory was first developed in 1963 by John Stacey Adams,
a workplace and behavioral psychologist, who asserted that employees
seek to maintain equity between the inputs that they bring to a job and
the outcomes that they receive from it against the perceived inputs and
outcomes of others (Adams, 1965).
The belief is that people value fair treatment which causes them to be
motivated to keep the fairness maintained within the relationships of
their co-workers and the organization.
13.
14. Goal setting involves establishing specific, measurable,
achievable, realistic and time-targeted (S.M.A.R.T ) goals.
Work on the theory of goal-setting suggests that an effective
tool for making progress is to ensure that participants in a group
with a common goal are clearly aware of what is expected
from them.
On a personal level, setting goals helps people work towards
their own objectives.
Goal setting features as a major component of personal
development literature.
15.
16.
17. Leadership is the process of influencing the behavior of people
by making them strive voluntarily towards achievement of
organizational goals.
Leadership indicates the ability of an individual to maintain
good interpersonal relations with followers and motivate them to
contribute for achieving organizational objectives.
According to Harold Koontz and Heinz Weihrich , ―Leadership
is the art or process of influencing people so that they will strive
willingly and enthusiastically towards the achievement of group
goals‖.
18. Leadership indicates ability of an individual to influence others.
Leadership tries to bring change in the behavior of others.
Leadership indicates interpersonal relations between leaders
and followers.
Leadership is exercised to achieve common goals of the
organization.
Leadership is a continuous process.
19. Trait leadership is defined as integrated patterns of personal
characteristics that reflect a range of individual differences and
foster consistent leader effectiveness across a variety of group and
organizational situations (Zaccaro, Kemp, & Bader, 2004).
The theory of trait leadership developed from early leadership
research which focused primarily on finding a group of heritable
attributes that differentiated leaders from nonleaders.
Leader effectiveness refers to the amount of influence a leader has
on individual or group performance, followers‘ satisfaction, and
overall effectiveness (Derue, Nahrgang, Wellman, & Humphrey,
2011).
20.
21. Max Weber, more than anyone, brought this idea into the
realm of leadership.
He used ‗charisma‘ to talk about self-appointed leaders who
are followed by those in distress.
Such leaders gain influence because they are seen as having
special talents or gifts that can help people escape the pain
they are in (Gerth and Mills 1991: 51 – 55).
22. This style of leadership deals with finding the best match between a
leader and a situation.
How does the leader's style fit the context of the situation? Effective
leadership is contingent on matching a leader's style to the right
setting.
Contingency theory is concerned with styles and situations and
effectively matching the leader and the situation.
In contingency theory of leadership, the success of the leader is a
function of various contingencies in the form of subordinate, task,
and/or group variables.
23.
24.
25. controlling means ensuring that activities in an organization are
performed as per the plans.
Controlling also ensures that an organization's resources are being
used effectively and efficiently for the achievement of predetermined
goals.
Controlling is, thus, a goal-oriented function.
Controlling function of a manager is a pervasive function.
It is a primary function of every manager.
Managers at all levels of management- top, middle and lower-need
to perform controlling functions to keep a control over activities in their
areas.
26.
27. A.Financial Control: All business organizations prepare Profit and
Loss Account. It gives a summary of the income and expenses for a
specified period. They also prepare Balance Sheet, which shows the
financial position of the organization at the end of the specified
period. Financial statements are used to control the organization. The
figures of the current year can be compared with the previous year's
figures. They can also be compared with the figures of other similar
organizations.
Ratio analysis can be used to find out and analyze the financial
statements. Ratio analysis helps to understand the profitability,
liquidity and solvency position of the business.
28. B. Budgetary Controls: A budget is a planning and
controlling device. Budgetary control is a technique of
managerial control through budgets. It is the essence of
financial control. Budgetary control is done for all aspects of
a business such as income, expenditure, production, capital
and revenue. Budgetary control is done by the budget
committee
29. C. Auditing: Management Audit is an evaluation of the
management as a whole. It critically examines the full
management process, i.e. planning, organizing, directing,
and controlling. It finds out the efficiency of the
management. To check the efficiency of the management,
the company's plans, objectives, policies, procedures,
personnel relations and systems of control are examined very
carefully. Management auditing is conducted by a team of
experts. They collect data from past records, members of
management, clients and employees. The data is analyzed
and conclusions are drawn about managerial performance
and efficiency