The document discusses leadership styles and theories. It begins by describing a story about leaders guiding workers to clear a jungle to build a port. It then discusses different leadership styles like autocratic, democratic, laissez-faire, and paternalistic. It also summarizes several leadership theories including trait theory, behavioral theories, role theory, the managerial grid model, participative theories, and Likert's leadership styles. The document provides an overview of concepts related to leadership.

1. Leadership

2. StoryA group of workers and their leaders are set a task of clearing a road through a dense jungle on a remote island to get to the coast where an estuary provides a perfect site for a port. The leaders organise the labour into efficient units and monitor the distribution and use of capital assets – progress is excellent. The leaders continue to monitor and evaluate progress, making adjustments along the way to ensure the progress is maintained and efficiency increased wherever possible. Then, one day amidst all the hustle and bustle and activity, one person climbs up a nearby tree. The person surveys the scene from the top of the tree.

3. Leadership StoryAnd shouts down to the assembled group below…“Wrong Way!”(Story adapted from Stephen Covey (2004) “The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People” Simon & Schuster).“Management is doing things right, leadership is doing the right things” (Warren Bennis and Peter Drucker)

4. DefinitionThe ability to positively influence people and systems to have a meaningful impact and achieve results.Leading People

5. Influencing People

6. Commanding People

7. Guiding PeopleCharacteristics of LeadershipLeader must have followersIt is working relationship between leader and followersPurpose is to achieve some common goal or goalsA leader influences his followers willingly not by forceLeadership is exercised in a given situationLeadership is a power relationshipIt is a continuous process

8. A Question…A leader need not be a manager but a manager must have many of the qualities of a good leader?????Managerial Leadership

9. SignificanceSetting GoalsMotivating EmployeesBuilding moraleCreating ConfidenceDisciplineDeveloping Team-workFacilitates ChangeRepresenting the group

10. Leadership Styles Leader by the position achieved

11. Leader by personality, charisma

12. Leader by moral example

13. Leader by power held

14. Intellectual leader

15. Leader because of ability to accomplish thingsLeadershipManagementWorking in the systemReactControl risksEnforce organizational rulesSeek and then follow directionControl people by pushing them in the right directionCoordinate effortProvide instructionsWorking on the systemCreate opportunitiesSeek opportunitiesChange organizational rulesProvide a vision to believe in and strategic alignmentMotivate people by satisfying basic human needsInspire achievement and energize peopleCoach followers, create self-leaders and empower them

16. LeadershipManagementEstablishing DirectionDevelop future visionDevelop change strategies to achieve visionAligning PeopleCommunicate directly by words & deeds to those whose cooperation neededInfluence creation of coalition/teams that understand & accept vision and strategiesMotivating/inspiringEnergy to overcome barriers (ex. Political resource, bureaucratic) to change by satisfying basic needsTends to ProduceChange often dramaticProvides potential for very useful change (ex. New products)Planning/BudgetingDevelop detailed steps/ timetables for resultsAllocate necessary resourcesOrganizing/StaffingDevelop necessary planning, staffing, delegation structuresProvide policies/procedures for guidance and methods/systems for monitoringControl/Problem SolvingMonitor results vs. plan in detailIdentify results/plan deviations and plan and organize to correctTends to ProduceOrder/predictabilityKey results expected by stakeholdersAgendaNetwork Development for Agenda AchievementExecutionOutcomes

17. The manager administers; the leader innovates.

18. The manager maintains; the leader develops.

19. The manager accepts reality; the leader investigates it.

20. The manager focuses on systems and structures; the leader focuses on people.

21. The manager relies on control; the leader inspires trust.

22. The manager has a short-range view; the leader has a long-range perspective.

23. The manager asks how and when; the leader asks what and why.

24. The manager has his or her eye always on the bottom line; the leader has his or her eye on the horizon.

25. The manager imitates; the leader originates.

26. The manager accepts the status quo; the leader challenges it.

27. The manager is the classic good soldier; the leader is his or her own person.Leadership TraitsIntelligenceMore intelligent than non-leadersScholarshipKnowledgeBeing able to get things donePhysicalDoesn’t seem to be correlatedPersonality Verbal facility Honesty InitiativeAggressiveSelf-confidentAmbitiousOriginalitySociabilityAdaptability

28. Leadership stylesAutocratic: Leader makes decisions without reference to anyone else

29. High degree of dependency on the leader

30. Can create de-motivation and alienation of staff

31. May be valuable in some types of business where decisions need to be made quickly and decisivelyDemocratic:Encourages decision making from different perspectives – leadership may be emphasised throughout the organisationConsultative: process of consultation before decisions are takenPersuasive: Leader takes decision and seeks to persuade others that the decision is correct

32. Laissez-Faire:‘Let it be’ – the leadership responsibilities are shared by allCan be very useful in businesses where creative ideas are importantCan be highly motivational, as people have control over their working lifeCan make coordination and decision making time-consuming and lacking in overall directionRelies on good team workRelies on good interpersonal relations

33. Paternalistic: Leader acts as a ‘father figure’

34. Paternalistic leader makes decision but may consult