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kdjwThe document discusses key concepts related to mortality rates and life expectancy. It begins by defining mortality and some of the determinants that influence death rates. It then provides data on crude death rates globally and by region/country. Subsequent sections cover age-sex specific death rates, differences in mortality trends between more and less developed countries, and factors that have contributed to changes in mortality over time such as public health interventions and medical advances.
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This document provides an overview of demography and population studies. It defines demography as the statistical study of human populations, examining their size, structure and changes over time and space. Key points include:
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Demography is the scientific study of human populations, including their size, composition, and distribution over time and space. It involves the collection and analysis of data about populations and population changes. The main sources of demographic data are population censuses, national sample surveys, and registration of vital events like births and deaths. Demographic data is important for planning health services and programs by providing information about the health status, size, and characteristics of communities. The 2011 Indian census collected data on population size, composition, distribution and socio-economic variables from over 240 million households across India. This data helps the government target benefits and plan development programs.
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There are several ways to measure fertility rates. The crude birth rate measures live births per 1000 people in a population. More economically developed countries average 12 births per 1000 people while less economically developed countries average 31. The total fertility rate measures the average number of children born per woman, with more developed countries averaging 1.8 children and less developed countries averaging 6 children born per woman. Egypt has a higher population, population density, birth rate, and total fertility rate compared to the United States.
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This document discusses key concepts related to population dynamics including population, overpopulation, underpopulation, population distribution, factors affecting population change, and sustainable development. It defines key terms and provides examples to illustrate population density is highest in the riverine plains of Asia due to abundant resources, while arid, mountainous, and forested regions tend to have lower population density due to environmental challenges. Both overpopulation and underpopulation can have negative economic and social impacts.
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Stage 1 involves high birth and death rates, leading to low population growth. Stage 2 sees birth rates remain high while death rates decline rapidly due to industrialization, resulting in rapid population increase. Stage 3 is marked by declining birth rates and further decreases in death rates, producing slow population growth. Finally, Stage 4 has low, stable birth and death rates and slight or no population change. However, the theory is criticized for being overly Eurocentric and not accounting for variations in development pace between countries.
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This document provides an overview of demography and population studies. It defines demography as the statistical study of human populations, examining their size, structure and changes over time and space. Key points include:
- Demography analyzes population dynamics like birth, death, and migration and their influence on society. It uses data from government censuses and registrations.
- A nation typically progresses through five stages of a demographic cycle from high stationary population to declining population.
- India has over 1.3 billion residents and is projected to surpass China as the world's most populous country by 2027. The UN expects the global population to increase by 2 billion by 2050.
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This document summarizes Thomas Malthus' theory of population growth. It outlines Malthus' key assumptions, including that population grows geometrically while food production grows arithmetically, leading to an imbalance. It also discusses Malthus' ideas around positive and preventive population checks. The document then summarizes several criticisms of Malthus' theory, including that technological advances have allowed food production to keep pace with population growth, and that migration and birth control have disrupted the relationship between population and subsistence assumed by Malthus.
Demography
Demography is the statistical study of human populations. It examines the size, structure, and distribution of populations, as well as how populations change over time due to births, deaths, and migration. Demographic indicators like the crude birth rate, infant mortality rate, and life expectancy are used to measure and analyze populations. Demography collects data through censuses, surveys, and vital event registration to understand population dynamics and inform planning.
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This document discusses overpopulation in Pakistan and proposed strategies to address it. It notes issues caused by overpopulation like hunger, poverty, pollution and lack of infrastructure. Current population statistics for Pakistan are provided, showing a high population growth rate and indicators like maternal mortality. The document outlines goals to stabilize population growth and reduce fertility. Long-term objectives include universal access to family planning services and lowering the fertility rate. Short-term objectives promote healthy timing of pregnancy. Strategies proposed include visiting health centers, conducting interviews and distributing information. Target audiences are newlyweds and young people. Messages focus on having smaller families. Allies include health departments while adversaries could include religious leaders and older generations. Raising awareness through various media is discussed.
DEFINITIONS
This document defines key demographic terms related to fertility, mortality, life expectancy, morbidity, nuptiality, migration, race/ethnicity, households/families, urbanization, and population change. It provides formulas and explanations for calculating rates and measures of these demographic variables, such as the crude birth rate, total fertility rate, infant mortality rate, net migration rate, percent urban, and population growth rate.
Sources of demographic data 2019
This document discusses various sources of demographic data, including direct methods like censuses and vital registration systems, and indirect methods like sample surveys. It provides details on the definition, history, features, information collected, uses and limitations of censuses, vital registration systems, and sample surveys. The document also discusses demographic data sources and methods that are specific to Saudi Arabia, such as the national census conducted every 10 years and civil registration of vital events through the Ministry of Interior.
DEMOGRAPHY
Demography is the scientific study of human populations, including changes in population size and composition. It focuses on fertility, mortality, marriage, and migration. There are five stages of the demographic cycle: high stationary, early expansion, late expansion, low stationary, and declining. Demographic measurement tools are used to study and measure populations statistically and dynamically, including birth rate, death rate, growth rate, and life expectancy. World population has grown significantly over time, reaching 1 billion in 1800 and over 7 billion currently, with most of the growth occurring in developing countries in Asia, Latin America, and Africa.
Mortality
The document discusses how mortality and life expectancy are measured globally and how they vary worldwide. It provides key definitions for measuring mortality, including crude death rate and life expectancy. It then examines global patterns of death rates, life expectancy, and infant mortality. Higher mortality is generally seen in less economically developed countries, where infectious diseases are more common causes of death, while chronic diseases dominate in developed nations with longer life expectancies.
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The document discusses sex ratios in India and around the world. It provides statistics showing that India has a low sex ratio of 940 females per 1000 males according to the 2011 census, ranking 192nd globally. Some potential factors contributing to India's low ratio are social preferences for sons, sex-selective abortion, and female infanticide. The government has implemented programs to improve the ratio, such as banning sex determination and empowering women.
Birth rate, death rate, migration
This document discusses demographic indicators such as birth rate, death rate, and migration rate in Pakistan. It provides details on how each indicator is calculated, recent statistics for Pakistan, and comparisons to other countries. The birth rate in Pakistan in 2010 was 27.28 per 1,000 people, while the death rate was 6.69 per 1,000 people in 2013. Net migration in Pakistan was negative, with nearly 2 million more people leaving the country than entering in 2010. The document also covers types and reasons for migration like push/pull factors.
Malthus population theory
This is a powerpoint showing Malthusian theory of population and the Demographic Transition Model
This video adds a lot to the lesson as a whole
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QAkW_i0bDpQ&feature=em-subs_digest
Demography ppt
Demography is the scientific study of human populations, including their size, composition, and distribution over time and space. It involves the collection and analysis of data about populations and population changes. The main sources of demographic data are population censuses, national sample surveys, and registration of vital events like births and deaths. Demographic data is important for planning health services and programs by providing information about the health status, size, and characteristics of communities. The 2011 Indian census collected data on population size, composition, distribution and socio-economic variables from over 240 million households across India. This data helps the government target benefits and plan development programs.
Population explosion nikku
For centuries, human population growth remained proportionate to available resources, but rapid growth over the past century has led to resource shortages. Population explosion refers to a sharp rise in human numbers over a short time, exceeding available resources. India's current population is over 1.3 billion with high population density and urbanization, though per capita income remains low. Rapid population growth is caused by decreased mortality alongside sustained high birth rates. This poses challenges like increased unemployment, poverty, and pressure on infrastructure. Family planning programs aim to promote small families and contraceptive use through home delivery of supplies and counseling.
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This document provides information on endometriosis from Dr. Shashwat Jani, including:
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- Theories on the causes and pathophysiology of endometriosis such as retrograde menstruation and coelomic metaplasia.
- Clinical features like pelvic pain and infertility.
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Hydrops fetails for undergranuate
undergraduate course lectures in obstetrics and gynecology prepared by Dr Manal Behery Professor of OB&GYNE ,Faculty of medicine,Zagazig University
prenatal diagnosis
Cordocentesis and fetoscopy are prenatal diagnostic tests. Cordocentesis involves inserting a needle into the umbilical cord under ultrasound guidance to retrieve a small sample of fetal blood, in order to test for fetal abnormalities. Fetoscopy uses an endoscope inserted through the abdomen and uterus to access the fetus and amniotic cavity. The triple test analyzes maternal serum levels of alpha-fetoprotein, estriol, and hCG to assess risk of fetal abnormalities. Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis involves biopsy of polar bodies, blastomeres, or trophectoderm cells to test embryos for genetic disorders before implantation. Karyotyping and gene mapping are techniques used to identify chromosomal abnormalities
Stillbirth
- Stillbirth is defined as fetal death occurring after 20 weeks of gestation or a fetal weight of at least 500 grams. The worldwide stillbirth rate is over 3 million per year.
- The causes of stillbirth are often unknown, but may include maternal conditions like diabetes or hypertension, fetal conditions like growth restriction, and placental conditions like abruption. Advanced maternal age, obesity, and multiple gestations are also risk factors.
- Evaluation of stillbirth includes fetal autopsy, placental examination, and genetic testing. However, the optimal testing and management for subsequent pregnancies after an unexplained stillbirth remains uncertain due to lack of evidence.
Endometriosis & adenomyosis
Endometriosis and adenomyosis are common gynecological conditions that involve the abnormal growth of endometrial tissue outside or within the uterus. Endometriosis occurs when endometrial tissue grows outside the uterus, often on the ovaries or pelvic lining, while adenomyosis occurs when endometrial tissue grows within the uterine wall. Symptoms include pelvic pain and heavy menstrual bleeding. Laparoscopy is often used to diagnose these conditions. Treatment options include hormonal therapy, surgery, or a combination of both depending on severity of symptoms and desire for future fertility.
Sridhar prenatal diagnosis
Prenatal diagnosis detects fetal abnormalities before birth through non-invasive and invasive techniques. Non-invasive techniques include ultrasound, fetal echocardiography, and magnetic resonance imaging to visualize the fetus. Maternal serum screening analyzes markers in the mother's blood to assess risk of fetal conditions like Down syndrome. Invasive techniques obtain fetal tissue through procedures like amniocentesis for cytogenetic or molecular testing to diagnose genetic disorders. Prenatal diagnosis aims to provide risk information to families for informed decision making during pregnancy.
Prenatal diagnosis
Prenatal diagnosis employs techniques to determine the health of an unborn fetus. It is helpful for managing pregnancy and planning for complications. Techniques include ultrasonography, amniocentesis, chorionic villus sampling, and analyzing maternal serum and fetal cells in maternal blood. Each technique can only be used during specific gestational periods and provides different information about potential fetal abnormalities.
Hydrops fetalis
This document discusses immune and non-immune hydrops fetalis. It begins by defining hydrops fetalis as generalized fetal edema that can be detected on ultrasound. It then describes the two subtypes - immune and non-immune. Immune hydrops is more common in developing countries and results from Rh sensitization of the mother from a Rh-positive fetus. Non-immune hydrops has more varied underlying causes and is more common in developed countries. The document goes on to discuss the mechanisms, investigations, management and complications of both immune and non-immune hydrops fetalis.
Prenatal diagnosis
Prenatal diagnosis provides couples at risk of genetic disorders with informed choices. Non-invasive tests like maternal serum screening and ultrasound can detect abnormalities, while invasive tests like amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling allow for chromosome analysis but carry small risks of miscarriage. Advanced maternal age is the most common indication for testing. Prenatal diagnosis aims to detect issues prenatally in order to provide counseling, reduce anxiety, and potentially enable prenatal treatment in the future through gene therapy.
Assessment of fetal wellbeing
Majority of fetal deaths occur in the antepartum period.
There is progressive decline in maternal deaths all over the world. Currently more interest is focused to evaluate the fetal health. The primary objective of antenatal assessment is to avoid fetal death.
Endometriosis
1) La endometriosis se caracteriza por la presencia de tejido endometrial fuera del útero, pudiendo darse en el útero (adenomiosis) u otros órganos.
2) Sus principales síntomas son dolor pélvico y esterilidad.
3) El diagnóstico se realiza mediante laparoscopia e histología, siendo la laparoscopia la prueba de referencia.
Endometriosis
This document discusses endometriosis, including its definition, theories of pathogenesis, risk factors, clinical presentation, investigations, staging, and management approaches. It provides an overview of endometriosis, describing it as the presence of functioning endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity, with a reported incidence of 20-25% in the reproductive age group. Theories discussed to explain its pathogenesis include retrograde menstruation, coelomic metaplasia, and metastasis. Hormonal factors, immunology, and genetics are also implicated in its development. Staging is typically done using the revised American Fertility Society classification system. Management involves a tailored approach considering symptoms, fertility goals, and side effects of treatments.
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Focused approach to antenatal care - First trimester screening
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Similar to Mortality
Human Population Ecology
1. Demography is the study of population statistics like size, density, and age distribution. It uses metrics like birth and death rates to understand factors influencing population growth or decline.
2. Key factors that affect human population growth are birth rates, death rates, economic development, access to family planning and women's education. The demographic transition model describes the shift from high birth/death rates to low rates as countries develop.
3. Population pyramids provide information on a population's age structure and future growth trends based on the proportion of people of reproductive age. Achieving population stabilization requires increasing access to healthcare, family planning and women's education.
Over population
The document discusses overpopulation, providing information on:
- Definitions of overpopulation from scientists and experts.
- Current global population figures and India's population statistics and projections.
- Causes of overpopulation including poverty, illiteracy, child labor, improved healthcare, and more.
- Effects of overpopulation such as lack of resources like water, increased pollution, higher death rates, and faster climate change.
- Potential solutions like better sex education, access to contraceptives, and changes to policies that incentivize large families.
A strategic approach to engagement. Engagement conference, 22 October 2015
Joe Barrell, executive director, The Eden Stanley Group
Visit the CharityComms website to view slides from past events, see what events we have coming up and to check out what else we do: www.charitycomms.org.uk
From Sport To Technology
Takes the viewer through some major trends in the world and gives an example on how technology combined with sport can help activate people to live healthier lives
ppt for poverty
Poverty deprives people of basic needs like food, water, shelter, and clothes. It is caused by factors such as lack of education, natural disasters, lack of money, lack of opportunities, overpopulation, and spending on addictions like drugs and alcohol. Poverty leads to high mortality rates, increased health risks, hampered childhood development, lack of education, and increased conflict. Over 1.4 billion people live on less than $1.25 per day, and poverty is responsible for millions of deaths each year, especially among women and children in developing countries. Poverty is measured using both relative and absolute standards related to income levels and access to resources needed for basic survival.
Little Economy For Distribution
The document discusses trends in global fertility rates and the rise of the "baby business" market. Key points:
- Fertility rates have fallen worldwide since the 1960s due to factors like increased access to contraception and women's education. By 2040-2050, world fertility is projected to fall below the replacement rate of 2.1 children per woman.
- Declining birth rates pose economic threats as populations age and shrink. Some countries like Japan will see population declines within the next decade.
- Rising infertility rates and demand for children have spawned a lucrative global baby-making industry including IVF treatment, fertility drugs, sperm/egg donation, surrogacy and stem cell banking. The US
Population 5 Mortality
The document discusses mortality rates and measures in different countries. It provides data on crude death rates, life expectancy, infant mortality rates, and GDP per capita for several countries including Ukraine, Ethiopia, Japan, France, Algeria, and Ecuador. Crude death rates are affected by the age structure of a population and infant mortality is seen as an accurate indicator of development, being influenced by factors like women's status, education, and birth intervals. Mortality trends in developed countries decreased in the late industrial revolution due to improved living conditions and healthcare, while declines in developing countries occurred later due to medical advances and disease prevention programs.
ERMslides1
This document discusses several factors that influence animal population sizes, including distribution, niche, habitat tolerance, resource availability, and reproductive rates. It also covers population growth models like the J-curve and S-curve, and reproductive strategies like K-selection and R-selection. Finally, it examines factors influencing human population growth and distribution over time, like advances in medicine, agriculture, and sanitation.
Poverty
Poverty is defined as being deprived of basic needs like food, water, shelter, and clothes. It is caused by factors such as lack of education, natural disasters, lack of money, lack of opportunities, overpopulation, and addiction. Poverty leads to high mortality rates, increased health risks, hampers children's development, inhibits education, and increases conflict. Globally, over 1 billion people live on less than $1.25 per day, 22,000 children die daily due to poverty, and 8 million die annually from lack of food and nutrition. Poverty disproportionately impacts women and children and is most prevalent in countries like Bangladesh, China, India, and Pakistan.
Pptonpoverty 131012050055-phpapp02
Poverty is defined as being deprived of basic needs like food, water, shelter, and clothes. It is caused by factors such as lack of education, natural disasters, lack of money, lack of opportunities, overpopulation, and addiction. Poverty leads to high mortality rates, increased health risks, hampers children's development, inhibits education, and increases conflict. Globally, over 1 billion people live on less than $1.25 per day, 22,000 children die daily due to poverty, and 8 million die annually from lack of food and nutrition. Poverty disproportionately impacts women and children and is most prevalent in countries like Bangladesh, China, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, India, Indonesia
Pptonpoverty 131012050055-phpapp02
Poverty is defined as being deprived of basic needs like food, water, shelter, and clothes. It is caused by a lack of education, natural disasters, lack of money, lack opportunities, overpopulation, and addictions like drugs and alcohol. The effects of poverty include high mortality rates, increased health risks, hampered childhood development, lack of education and social advancement, and increased armed conflict. Globally, 1.4 billion people live on less than $1.25 per day, 22,000 children die daily due to poverty, and 8 million people die annually from lack of food and nutrition. The majority of the world's hungry people live in just 7 countries including Bangladesh, China, and India.
Ppt on poverty, poverty, poverty in india, poverty in world, world poverty, p...
Poverty is defined as being deprived of basic needs like food, water, shelter, and clothes. It is caused by factors such as lack of education, natural disasters, lack of money, lack of opportunities, overpopulation, and addiction. Poverty leads to high mortality rates, increased health risks, hampers children's development, inhibits education, and increases conflict. Globally, over 1 billion people live on less than $1.25 per day, 22,000 children die daily due to poverty, and 8 million die annually from lack of food and nutrition. The majority of the world's hungry population lives in just 7 countries including India.
Pptonpoverty 131012050055-phpapp02
Poverty is defined as being deprived of basic needs like food, water, shelter, and clothes. It is caused by factors such as lack of education, natural disasters, lack of money, lack of opportunities, overpopulation, and addiction. Poverty leads to high mortality rates, increased health risks, hampers children's development, inhibits education, and increases conflict. Globally, over 1 billion people live on less than $1.25 per day, 22,000 children die daily due to poverty, and 8 million die annually from lack of food and nutrition. Poverty disproportionately impacts women and children and is most prevalent in countries like Bangladesh, China, India, and Pakistan.
Pptonpoverty 131012050055-phpapp02
Poverty is defined as being deprived of basic needs like food, water, shelter, and clothes. It is caused by factors such as lack of education, natural disasters, lack of money, lack of opportunities, overpopulation, and addiction. Poverty leads to high mortality rates, increased health risks, hampers children's development, inhibits education, and increases conflict. Globally, over 1 billion people live on less than $1.25 per day, 22,000 children die daily due to poverty, and 8 million die annually from lack of food and nutrition. Poverty disproportionately impacts women and children and is most prevalent in countries like Bangladesh, China, India, and Pakistan.
Pptonpoverty 131012050055-phpapp02
Poverty is defined as being deprived of basic needs like food, water, shelter, and clothes. It is caused by factors such as lack of education, natural disasters, lack of money, lack of opportunities, overpopulation, and addiction. Poverty leads to high mortality rates, increased health risks, hampers children's development, inhibits education, and increases conflict. Globally, over 1 billion people live on less than $1.25 per day, 22,000 children die daily due to poverty, and 8 million die annually from lack of food and nutrition. Poverty is measured using either an expenditure method based on minimum calorie needs or an income method based on a poverty line set by governments.
poverty
Poverty is defined as being deprived of basic needs like food, water, shelter, and clothes. It is caused by factors such as lack of education, natural disasters, lack of money, lack of opportunities, overpopulation, and addiction. Poverty leads to high mortality rates, increased health risks, hampers children's development, inhibits education, and increases conflict. Globally, over 1 billion people live on less than $1.25 per day, 22,000 children die daily due to poverty, and 8 million die annually from lack of food and nutrition. Poverty disproportionately impacts women and children and is most prevalent in countries like Bangladesh, China, India, and Pakistan.
Geo: Chapter 4, Section 2
1. The document discusses various population geography concepts including birth rates, fertility rates, mortality rates, population density, distribution of population, and factors that influence population growth and carrying capacity.
2. It notes that over 90% of the world's population lives in the Northern Hemisphere, with high densities in coastal and river regions. More than half of the world's population lives in rural areas but urbanization is increasing.
3. Population distribution and density are influenced by factors like climate, resources, economy and policies. Carrying capacity depends on availability of resources and can be increased by things like technology and infrastructure.
Rabies Proposal PR
This document discusses rabies, a viral zoonotic disease transmitted through infected saliva that causes acute encephalitis in humans. If not treated before symptoms appear, rabies is fatal. It is caused by the rabies virus in the family Rhabdoviridae. The principal rabies vector in Puerto Rico is the mongoose, which was introduced in the 19th century. In 2007, there were 700 reported human rabies cases in Puerto Rico, costing over $1 million to treat. Controlling the mongoose population, vaccinating pets, and increasing public education are proposed to help eradicate rabies from Puerto Rico.
Economics project on poverty
This document discusses poverty, including its causes, effects, and statistics. It defines poverty as being deprived of basic needs like food, water, shelter, and clothes. Major causes of poverty include lack of education, natural disasters, lack of money, lack of opportunities, overpopulation, and spending money on addictions. Effects include high mortality rates, increased health risks, hampering children's development, inhibiting education, and increased armed conflict. Statistics provided indicate that billions of people live on less than $1.25 per day and millions die annually due to poverty-related issues like lack of food, water, and healthcare. Poverty is particularly prevalent in developing countries and specific nations in Asia and Africa.
Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1...
Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1...Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation - University of Washington
Assessing premature and avoidable mortality
Rafael Lozano, MD, on behalf of 189 authors of the paperSimilar to Mortality (20)
A strategic approach to engagement. Engagement conference, 22 October 2015
A strategic approach to engagement. Engagement conference, 22 October 2015
Ppt on poverty, poverty, poverty in india, poverty in world, world poverty, p...
Ppt on poverty, poverty, poverty in india, poverty in world, world poverty, p...
Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1...
Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1...
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Internal Migration Online
Major internal migrations include rural to urban migration, westward expansion in the US and Brazil, and northward movement in Australia and Canada. In the US, migration has been westward, southward to the Sunbelt, and from urban to rural areas in the 1970s. Pew Center maps show changing internal migration patterns over time between regions. Urbanization involves both increasing urban populations and the percentage living in cities, which is usually higher in more developed countries though Latin America and the Middle East have grown to similar levels. Rapid urbanization in less developed countries is driven by rural to urban migration due to economic and environmental factors as well as population growth and access to information.
Migration And Mobility Pt 5
This document discusses refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs). It defines a refugee as someone outside their country of nationality due to fear of persecution. There are currently 11.5 million refugees worldwide. IDPs are unable to leave their country but cannot access protection services. There are 25 million IDPs facing an uncertain future. Canada accepts around 25,000 refugees per year and the US accepts around 75,000. Emerging issues impacting refugees include increasing populations, conflicts over land and resources, poverty, and tensions leading to more displacement as less developed countries become reluctant to accept refugees. Forced displacement can perpetuate political instability.
Migration And Mobility Pt 4
There are 39 million foreign-born individuals in the United States, accounting for 11.7% of the total population. Over half of foreign-born individuals originate from Mexico and Central America, while a quarter come from Asia. It is estimated there are between 11-20 million undocumented immigrants in the US, with the largest numbers and proportions coming from Mexico. The report provides data on foreign-born and undocumented immigrant populations in the US from the Pew Hispanic Center.
Migration And Mobility Pt3
International migration since the 16th century has consisted of two main streams: labor migration and refugee flows. The largest migration in history was approximately 60 million Europeans emigrating from Europe beginning in the 16th century. The United States experienced major periods of immigration between the 17th-19th centuries, from 1820-1860, 1860-1890, 1890-1910, and since 1965 to present day. Each period saw shifts in the countries and regions that immigrants emigrated from, including Germany, Ireland, China, Italy, and Mexico at different times. Legislation such as the National Origins Act of 1924 and Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 altered immigration patterns and levels.
Migration And Mobility Pt2
This document discusses different theories of migration including individual decision making and structural factors that influence migration patterns. It describes push factors that drive people to leave their home areas, such as lack of jobs or conflict, and pull factors that attract migrants to new areas like jobs or amenities. The document also discusses how certain groups are more likely to migrate than others based on attributes like age, marital status, gender and occupation. Finally, it outlines some of the demographic, socioeconomic and political consequences of migration for both sending and receiving regions.
Migration And Mobility Pt1
The document discusses different types of human migration and mobility. It defines migration as a move between places, usually across political boundaries, that involves a permanent change in residence. Different types of migration discussed include internal migration within a country, international migration between countries, primitive migration of groups unable to cope with environmental changes, group or mass migration of clans and tribes, free individual migration, restricted migration with government controls, impelled migration where people have some choice in leaving, and forced migration where people have no choice or power over leaving.
Epidemiological Transition
The document discusses the epidemiologic transition, which describes the transition of major causes of death from infectious diseases to chronic and degenerative diseases as populations adopt behaviors associated with economic development and improved living standards. It describes three models of transition - the classic Western model over 200 years, an accelerated model in places like Japan and Eastern Europe, and a delayed model in most low-income developing countries since WWII. The transition is accompanied by changes in mortality and morbidity patterns, as well as demographic changes as fertility declines and populations age.
Infant Mortality
This document discusses infant mortality rates around the world. It defines infant mortality as deaths of children under age 1. The world infant mortality rate in 2008 was 49 per 1000 live births, while rates were lower in more developed countries (6 per 1000) and higher in less developed and least developed countries (54 and 85 per 1000, respectively). Infant mortality is an important indicator of overall health conditions and levels of development within a country. Many infant deaths are preventable through improved medical care and interventions.
Population Composition & Structure - Food Supply
The document discusses population composition and food production trends around the world. It notes that Africa, Asia, and Latin America currently have the youngest populations, while Europe has the oldest. In the US, about 1 in 8 Americans are elderly, a proportion that has been increasing since 1900 due to high birth rates in the late 19th/early 20th century and declining mortality. Over two-thirds of global cropland is used to grow cereals and grains, which provide half of global caloric intake. While food production doubled between 1950-1990, production per capita has declined since 1984. China accounts for a large portion of food output but also population in developing regions. Strategies to increase yields include fertilizers, irrigation, and
Introduction To Population Geography
The document discusses various topics in population geography and demography. It defines population geography as the study of population phenomena and patterns in different parts of the world, while demography is defined as the study of human population characteristics. Population geography is concerned with the spatial expression of demographic processes and the study of human population composition, growth, distribution, and migratory movements, with a focus on the last two. Geographers focus on space and demographers focus on time. The document also discusses censuses and vital records, and how geographers use spatial analysis and place-based reasoning to solve problems relating to human-environment relations such as political redistricting and monitoring population growth and decline.
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Storyboard on Acne-Innovative Learning-M. pharm. (2nd sem.) Cosmetics
Acne is a common skin condition that occurs when hair follicles become clogged with oil and dead skin cells. It typically manifests as pimples, blackheads, or whiteheads, often on the face, chest, shoulders, or back. Acne can range from mild to severe and may cause emotional distress and scarring in some cases.
**Causes:**
1. **Excess Oil Production:** Hormonal changes during adolescence or certain times in adulthood can increase sebum (oil) production, leading to clogged pores.
2. **Clogged Pores:** When dead skin cells and oil block hair follicles, bacteria (usually Propionibacterium acnes) can thrive, causing inflammation and acne lesions.
3. **Hormonal Factors:** Fluctuations in hormone levels, such as during puberty, menstrual cycles, pregnancy, or certain medical conditions, can contribute to acne.
4. **Genetics:** A family history of acne can increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
**Types of Acne:**
- **Whiteheads:** Closed plugged pores.
- **Blackheads:** Open plugged pores with a dark surface.
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- **Pustules:** Pimples with pus at their tips.
- **Nodules:** Large, solid, painful lumps beneath the surface.
- **Cysts:** Painful, pus-filled lumps beneath the surface that can cause scarring.
**Treatment:**
Treatment depends on the severity and type of acne but may include:
- **Topical Treatments:** Such as benzoyl peroxide, salicylic acid, or retinoids to reduce bacteria and unclog pores.
- **Oral Medications:** Antibiotics or oral contraceptives for hormonal acne.
- **Procedures:** Such as chemical peels, extraction of comedones, or light therapy for more severe cases.
**Prevention and Management:**
- **Cleanse:** Regularly wash skin with a gentle cleanser.
- **Moisturize:** Use non-comedogenic moisturizers to keep skin hydrated without clogging pores.
- **Avoid Irritants:** Such as harsh cosmetics or excessive scrubbing.
- **Sun Protection:** Use sunscreen to prevent exacerbation of acne scars and inflammation.
Acne treatment can take time, and consistency in skincare routines and treatments is crucial. Consulting a dermatologist can help tailor a treatment plan that suits individual needs and reduces the risk of scarring or long-term skin damage.
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The purpose of this webcast is to:
Discuss and demonstrate the approaches with array and NGS genotyping methods for star allele calling to prep for downstream analysis.
Following genotyping, explore alternative tertiary workflow concepts in VarSeq to handle PGx reporting.
Moreover, we will include insights users will need to consider when validating their PGx workflow for all possible star alleles and options you have for automating your PGx analysis for large number of samples. Please join us for a session dedicated to the application of star allele genotyping and subsequent PGx workflows in our VarSeq software.
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The Children are very vulnerable to get affected with respiratory disease.
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1. **Epidermis**: The outermost layer primarily composed of epithelial cells called keratinocytes. It provides a protective barrier against environmental factors, pathogens, and UV radiation.
2. **Dermis**: Located beneath the epidermis, the dermis contains connective tissue, blood vessels, hair follicles, and sweat glands. It plays a vital role in supporting and nourishing the epidermis, regulating body temperature, and housing sensory receptors for touch, pressure, temperature, and pain.
3. **Hypodermis**: Also known as the subcutaneous layer, it consists of fat and connective tissue that anchors the skin to underlying structures like muscles and bones. It provides insulation, cushioning, and energy storage.
Skin performs essential functions such as regulating body temperature through sweat production and blood flow control, synthesizing vitamin D when exposed to sunlight, and serving as a sensory interface with the external environment.
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Mortality
- 1. 1
- 2. The frequency with which deaths occur The relevant event in mortality is death Not including fetal death Death occurs only once Determinants of mortality socioeconomic status public health behaviors medical technology 2
- 3. Source: CIA World Data Book, 2008 3
- 4. CDR World = 8 per 1000 population MDCs = 10 per 1000 population LDCs = 23 per 1000 population Least developed countries = 36 per 1000 population 4
- 5. CDR by region Africa= 14 per 1000 population Sub Saharan = 15 per 1000 population Northern America = 8 per 1000 population Latin American = 6 per 1000 population South America = 6 per 1000 population Asia = 7 per 1000 population Europe = 11 per 1000 population Oceania = 7 per 1000 population 5
- 6. Country Name Death Rate Ecuador Algeria France Japan Ethiopia Ukraine Source: www.prb.org 6
- 7. % of the Country population Name Death Rate > 65 yrs Ecuador 6 Algeria 4 France 8 Japan 9 Ethiopia 15 Ukraine 16 Source: www.prb.org 7
- 8. % of the Country population Name Death Rate > 65 yrs Ecuador 6 6% Algeria 4 5% France 8 17% Japan 9 22% Ethiopia 15 3% Ukraine 16 16% Source: www.prb.org 8
- 9. GNI PPP Infant Country per capita Mortality Name 2007 Rate (IMR) $34600 $33470 $6810 $5490 $7040 $780 Source: www.prb.org 9
- 10. GNI PPP Infant Country per capita Mortality Name 2007 Rate (IMR) Japan $34600 France $33470 Ukraine $6810 Algeria $5490 Ecuador $7040 Ethiopia $780 Source: www.prb.org 10
- 11. Infant Country GDP per Mortality Name capita Rate (IMR) Japan $34600 2.8 France $33470 3.6 Ukraine $6810 11 Algeria $5490 27 Ecuador $7040 25 Ethiopia $780 77 Source: www.prb.org 11
- 12. Life Expectancy It is an AVERAGE Pollution levels, conflict, occupation, shelter, food, medical facilities, income, literacy 12
- 13. Life Expectancy You can divide the total population into different groups (cohorts) to compare some of these differences within a population. Rich vs poor, urban vs rural, male vs female, ethnic groups, age groups. Life expectancy figures can be affected by high IMR. If you survive infancy you could live much longer than the life expectancy figures suggest. 13
- 14. 14
- 15. The gender gap in life expectancy has been growing until the recent past Before the epidemiologic transition Females in MDCs had higher mortality 15
- 16. Why the gender differential in life expectancy? Improvements in conditions Economic Social Health Decline in maternal mortality Female deaths associated with Pregnancy Labor Puerperium Change in the dominant immediate causes of death in the MDCs Affected sexes differently 16
- 17. Death Rate The problem with using the CDR is that it is affected by the age structure of the population of a country If all other things are equal the CDR goes up as the average age of the population goes up 17
- 18. Age Sex Specific Death Rate The death rate for a particular age group within the population (male/female) Death is most common in the youngest and oldest cohorts 18
- 19. Age Sex Specific Death Rate Also called age-sex adjusted mortality rates Age-specific death rate: ASDR = Da x 1000 Pa 19
- 20. MDCs 2% of deaths are among children < 5yrs 2/3 of deaths are among those > 75 yrs LDCs 50% of all deaths are among children < 5yrs 5% of all deaths are among those > 75 yrs 20
- 21. MDCs main decrease in death rates occurred in the late industrial revolution Due to improved sanitation water housing reduction in pollution improved medical care 21
- 22. LDCs main decrease in death rates occurred more recently more rapidly and were due to Spatial diffusion of medical technologies 22
- 23. Improved nutrition Less death from infectious disease Advances in agriculture Improvement in personal cleanliness Hand washing Clothes washing Public health interventions Improved housing Ventilation Waste disposal Social reforms Advances in medicine Reduction in reproductive risks 23
- 24. Malaria continues to kill between 1 and 3 million people a year mainly in Sub Saharan Africa. HIV AIDS has had a huge impact on populations. Emerging diseases? 24
- 25. Epidemiologic transition Infant Mortality Medical Geography 25