Demography is the scientific study of human populations, including their size, composition, and distribution over time and space. It involves analyzing data from population censuses, national surveys, vital statistics like births and deaths, and demographic studies. Key aspects of demography include population size, composition by age and sex, distribution across geographical territories, fertility rates, mortality rates, marriage trends, migration, and social mobility. Understanding demographic variables can help guide health planning and determine needs around issues like the number and location of health facilities and required healthcare manpower. A population transitions through different growth stages as mortality and fertility rates change over time. Demographic data is collected through both primary sources like surveys and interviews, as well as secondary sources like existing

1. MD Yusuf Ali

2.  Demography is the ”scientific study of
human population in which includes study
of changes in population size ,composition
and its distribution”

3. “Demo” means “the people” and “graphy”
means “measurement”
(Demos = population, Graphy = picture

4.  Health status of a community depends upon
the dynamic relationship between number of
people, their composition& distribution .
 Planning of health services can be guided by
demographic variables, for example: How
many health units do we need? How to
distribute them in the community in order to
be accessible to the target population? What
type of manpower is needed?

5. Size: increase or decrease
 Composition: sex and age group
 Distribution: territory

6. POPULATION CENSUSES
•NATIONAL SAMPLE
•SURVEYS REGISTRATION
•VITAL EVENTS

7.  Demography
 Economic Activity
 Literacy & Education
 Housing & Household
 Urbanization
 Fertility and Mortality
 Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes
 Language, Religion & Migration

8. It deals with the five demographic
processes
• FERTILITY
• MORTALITY
• MARRIAGE
• MIGRATION
• SOCIAL MORBILITY

9. High stationary (first stage ): this stage is
characterized by a high birth rate and high
death rate ,no any change in size and
population .Indian was in this stage till
1920.
• Early expending (second stage ): the
death rate begins to decline (starts
decreasing )and birth rate no change .
initial increase in population

10. Late expanding (third stage): the birth rate
begins to decline while the death rate still
decreases . continue increase in
population
• Low stationary (fourth stage ) : This stage
is characterized by a low birth rate & low
death rate .stability in population .
Declining (fifth stage ):in the declining
stage birth rate is lower then the death rate
.fall in population

11. Primary data collection :collection is done
by the individual by using the methods
such as :
Observation
• Interviews
• Questionnaires
• Diaries .

12.  Census
 National survey
 Registration of vital events
 Demographic studies
 Records

13. • Data is collection directly or indirectly from
population . The data collected directed
from individuals by face to face survey .
• Data collected during census.
• Data related to health from an individual.
• Data related to illness from an individual.
. •

14. • Data taken from hospital records
• The data collected need to be arranged in
table ,charts ,diagrams, graphs picture

15. • In 1872 The Census of India
2011 th is the 15th Census and 7th after
Independence. the first Census was held
in India.

16. 1 Name of person 8 Marital Status
2 Relationship to Head 9 Place of Birth
3 Father’s Name 1 0 Nationality as Declared
4 Mother’s Name 11 Present address of usual residence
5 Spouse’s Name 12 Duration of stay at present address
6 Sex 13 Permanent Residential Address
7 Date of Birth 14 Occupation / Activity
15 Educational Qualification

17. 1 Name of person 8 Marital Status
2 Relationship to Head 9 Place of Birth
3 Father’s Name 1 0 Nationality as Declared
4 Mother’s Name 11 Present address of usual residence
5 Spouse’s Name 12 Duration of stay at present address
6 Sex 13 Permanent Residential Address
7 Date of Birth 14 Occupation / Activity
15 Educational Qualification

18. Thank you