This document discusses the stylistic means of English morphology. It defines morphology as the study of word structure and explains how English words can be broken down into parts called morphemes. Some examples of morphemes are prefixes like "un-" and suffixes like "-ness". Morphemes are either free, meaning they can stand alone as words, or bound, meaning they are always attached to other morphemes. The document outlines the different types of morphemes and how they can derive or inflect words.

1. The Stylistic means of
English Morphology
Abdyldaeva Alina LK-1-21

2. Morphology is the branch of linguistics
that studies the structure of words.
In English and many other languages,
many words can be broken down into
parts.

3. For example:
• unhappiness
• horses
• walking
un-happi-ness
horse-s
walk-ing

4. • un - carries a negative meaning
• ness - expresses a state or quality
• s - expresses plurality
• ing - conveys a sense of duration
A word like "yes", however, has no inte
rnal grammatical structure.
We can analyze the sounds, but none o
f them has any meaning in isolation.

5. The smallest unit which has a meaning
or grammatical function that words can
be broken down into are known as
morphemes.
•So to be clear: "un" is a morpheme.
•"yes" is also a morpheme, but also
happens to be a word.

6. •There are several important distinction
s that must be made when it comes to
morphemes:
• - Free vs. Bound morphemes
• Free morphemes are morphemes whic
h can stand alone. We have already see
n the example of "ves".

7. Bound morphemes never exist as word
s themselves, but are always attached
to some other morpheme.
We have already seen the example of
"un".
When we identify the number and types
of morphemes that a given word consis
ts of, we are looking at what is referred
to as the structure of a word.

8. Every word has at least one free morph
eme, which is referred to as the root,
stem, or base.
• We can further divide bound morphem
es into three categories:
• prefix un-happy
• suffix happi-ness
• infix abso-blooming-lutely
• The general term for all three is affix.

9. Derivational vs. Inflectional morphemes
• Derivational morphemes create or deriv
e new words by changing the meaning or
by changing the word class of the word.
• For example:
• happy -> unhappy
• Both words are adjectives, but the
meaning changes.

10. •quick -> quickness
•The affix changes both meaning and
word class - adiective to a noun.
•In English, derivational
morphemes can be either prefixes or
suffixes.

11. Inflectional morphemes don't alter word
s the meaning or word class of a word;
instead they only refine and give extra
grammatical information about the
word's already existing meaning.
• For example:
Cat —> cats
• walk —> walking

12. •quick -> quickness
•The affix changes both meaning and
word class - adiective to a noun.
•In English, derivational
morphemes can be either prefixes or
suffixes.

13. Thank you