This document summarizes several models of communication, including linear models attributed to Aristotle and Lasswell, as well as interactive models like Osgood and Schramm's circular model. It also discusses transactional models such as Dance's helical model and Rogers and Kincaid's convergence model. For each model, it provides 1-2 key points about the components and perspectives they represent in the communication process.

1. Models
of
Communication
Kriztine
rosales-­‐viray

2. Linear
Models
of
Communication
Aristotle’s
Rhetorics
-­‐
Where
the
first
communication
model
is
attributed
Key
points:
Ethos
–
source
credibility
Pathos-­‐
understanding
audiences
Logos-­‐
pertains
to
message,
design
and
strategy
Speaker Speech Audience

3. Lasswell’s
Formula
• Key
Points:
• WHO
–
Control
analysis
• SAYS
WHAT–
Content
analysis
• IN
WHICH
CHANNEL–
Media
or
Channel
Analysis
• TO
WHOM–
Audience
or
Receiver
analysis
• WITH
WHAT
EFFECT–
consequences
of
message
on
audiences
Who Says
What In
Which
Channel To
Whom
With
What
Effect

4. Shannon
and
Weaver’s
Model
of
Communication
• Key
Points:
• Existence
of
noise
• Noise
can
be
physical
• Noise
can
also
be
semantic

5. Interactive
models
of
communication

6. Osgood
and
Schramm’s
Circular
Model
of
Communication
• Key
points:
• It
rejects
the
notion
that
communication
is
linear
• That
there
is
an
existence
of
swapping
roles
• A
person’s
personality
(cognitive
abilities
and
experiences
included)
provide
him/her
the
framework
for
interpretation.

8. Gerbner’s
General
Model
of
Communication
• Key
Points:
• Communication
is
a
process
of
PERCEPTION-­‐PRODUCTION-­‐PERCEPTION
• Perception
involves
active
interpretation
• Human
Communication
process
is
subjective,
selective,
variable
and
unpredictable

10. Westley
and
Maclean
Model
• Key
points:
• The
sender
generally
derives
information
from
variety
of
sources
and
combines
it
in
someway
to
create
a
message
• The
message
passes
through
some
kind
of
gatekeeping
before
being
passed
to
audience
• Feedback
from
the
audience
is
sometimes
addressed
to
the
sender,
but
in
many
cases
is
directed
to
some
other
actor
who
may
modify
or
expand
the
feedback
before
transmitting
it
to
the
sender

12. Transactional
Models

13. Dance’s
Helical
Model
• Key
Points:
• What
is
communicated
now
will
influence
the
structure
and
content
of
communication
later
on.
• Time
is
an
important
element
in
the
communication
process

14. Rogers
and
Kincaid’s
Convergence
Model
• Key
points:
• The
two
dominant
components
of
the
model
are
information
and
mutual
understanding
• Information
sharing
is
a
cyclical
process
entailing
several
cycles
of
information
exchange
• Mutual
understanding
may
never
be
reached
or
is
imperfect

16. Maletzke’s
Model
of
Mass
Communication
• Key
points:
• The
most
useful
general
model
to
guide
communication
planning
• Each
part
of
the
communication
model
may
function
separately
but
as
a
whole,
if
used
wisely,
will
give
a
very
remarkable
product.