3. •A communication model is a pictorial
representation of the communication
process, ideas, thoughts, or concepts
through diagrams, etc. They can be
systematic representations of the
process that help us understand how
communication can be carried out.
4. •Models of communication help in
understanding the potential barriers to
effective communication, roles of
different elements involved, and the
importance of feedback for successful
communication.
8. The linear communication models are:
Aristotle’s Model
Speaker-centered model
Used for public speaking and propaganda
9.
10. Lasswell’s Model
Used as an analysis tool for evaluating the
communication process and components.
11.
12. Berlo’s S-M-C-R Model
The source, message, channel, and receiver are
influenced by different factors.
13.
14. Shannon – Weaver Model
‘Mother of all communication models’
More technological than other models
15.
16. Two-way communication
Used for new media like the internet.
There is feedback.
Interactive but not simultaneous
Concept of field of experience
17.
18. The interactive communication models is :
Osgood-Schramm’s Interactive Model
Added the field of experience, which is based on
beliefs, values and learned meanings.
19.
20. Senders and receivers interchange roles
Simultaneous feedback
Context of environment and noise
They try to provide a simple explanation of the process by highlighting its most basic characteristics and components.
Used to understand communication in different contexts.
Are representations of the process of communication.
Used to understand communication in different contexts.
Are representations of the process of communication.
By applying the models of communication, individuals & organizations can enhance their communication skills & improve the interaction quality.
Linear model of communication depicts one-way communication & are used to communicate with the masses.
Aristotle argues that we should look at five elements of a communication event to analyze how best to communicate: speaker, speech, occasion, target audience and effect.
Aristotle model of communication does not assign any importance to the role of feedback in communication.
Aristotle even identified three elements that have the power to improve communication:
ethos (credibility)
pathos (the ability to connect)
logos (logical argument).
Lasswell’s model is a basic framework for analyzing one-way communication by asking five questions: Who, said what, through which channel, to whom, with what effects?
1. Who? - The one who wants to convey the message
2. What?- The message that is to be conveyed
3. Which channel? - The medium used to convey the message
4. To whom? - Whom is the message conveyed?
5. What effect? - What effect did it have on the receiver?
3. The Shannon-Weaver model is the first to highlight the role of ‘noise’ in communication, which can disrupt or alter a message between sender and receiver.
Shannon and Weaver model of communication stresses on the importance of encoding and decoding messages for them to be transmitted. This was the first model to acknowledge the existence of noise in communication that could disrupt or alter a message. This noise could refer to something like the static on a radio broadcast, but it could include spelling errors in written communication or the receiver mishearing the message.
Source: The elements included in the source are the sender’s communication skills, attitude, and culture.
Message: The elements included in the message are the content, structure, and code of the message.
Channel: The elements included in the channel are the senses of hearing, seeing, touching, smelling, etc.
Receiver: The elements of the receiver are their attitude, knowledge, and culture.
4. Berlo’s S-M-C-R model explains communication in four steps: Source, Message, Channel, and Receiver.
Berlo’s model of communication explains communication in four steps: This model provides a thorough account of the key elements in every one of the steps that will affect the manner in which the message is communicated
The Shannon Weaver model of communication considers communication to occur in five parts:
1. Sender
2. Encoder
3. Channel
4. Decoder
5. Receiver.
The interactive models of communication highlight that the feedback may get delayed when the messages are exchanged between the sender & receiver.
This model considers communication to be equal and reciprocal. It has no differentiation between the sender and receiver. In this model, it is believed that encoder and decoder keep interchanging roles of sending and receiving.
The Osgood-Schramm model of communication is the most appropriate model for explaining and analyzing personal synchronous communication in which feedback is instantaneous like in face-to-face conversations. Since feedback is immediate, it is possible to reduce noise through the continuous clarification of messages throughout the conversation flow.
The transactional communication models are models where the feedback plays an important role & the sender/receiver can exchange their roles. It's generally used for direct personal communication in which two-way feedback is immediate.
Badnlund's communication model examines interpersonal, immediate-feedback communication. It holds the idea that feedback for the sender is the reply for the receiver central to the approach.
Barnlund’s transactional model of communication also emphasizes the role of cues in impacting your communication. It sheds light on public cues (environmental cues) and private cues (your own personal thoughts and background). Essentially, this model shows us the factors that influence what we think & say.
Barnlund’s transactional model of communication consists of 5 main elements:
Communicators
Encoding
Message
Channel
Decoding
Barnlund’s model also emphasizes the role of cues in impacting your communication. It sheds light on public cues (environmental cues), private cues (personal thoughts and background), behavioral cues (verbal or non-verbal actions) Essentially, this model shows us the factors that influence what we think & say.
This model builds on circular models of communication and explains how we improve our messages over time by using feedback. The feedback received for one message influences our next statement. This helps us become more knowledgeable with each cycle, making it possible for us to expand our circle as depicted in the model by circles that continuously increase in their width. The upward movement in the spiral denotes that every communication practice is new and unique as communication doesn’t ever perfectly repeat itself.
This can be in the forms of doctors’ prescriptions, parents’ instructions to their children, friends giving advice, scolding, employers orders to their employees, and customers making orders.
