this section is represent the effect of the microorganism on the human life. and the type of the microorganism. discussion about their structures and working.

1. Made By:-
Ashishkumar Bhadani
(160190113003)
Department:-
Environment Engineering
Guided by:-
Pro. Meera Kunavarani

2. MICROORGANISM……?
Micro and Makro?

3.  Micro mean…………….
small, very small, can’t
see by naked eyes.
 Makro mean……………
big,can see by naked
eyes

4. How to see the tiny particle such as
microorganism…..
It can be seen by using
electron microscope..

5. The classification of microorganism.

6. The characteristic of microorganism
include their…
1. Appearance ---- keadaan luaran
2. Shape……………….. Bentuk
3. Size…………………… saiz
4. Method of reproduction……………..cara
membiak
5. Nutrition ……………………. Nutrisi
6. Habitat……………………….. Tempat tinggal

7. Viruses

8. APPEARANCE OF VIRUSES
 Is the smallest
microorganism
 The structure is simple
 Viruses consist
(mengandungi) of
strands of nucleic acid
(DNA) which
protected(dilindungi) by
a protein coat

9. SIZE OF VIRUSES
 THE SIZE ARE TOO
SMALL
 SMALLER THAN
BACTERIA

10. SHAPE OF VIRUSES
 HELICAL  POLYHEDRAL

12. CHARACTERISTIC OF VIRUS
 Viruses do not make their own food
 They obtain (mendapatkan) food from animals,plants
and some bacteria.
 So they are PARASITES
(mendapat makanan dr individu lain sehingga membawa keburukan kepada
individu tersebut)
 The cell where the viruses are attached (melekat) are
called as host cells…
 This cell become the habitat of the viruses

13. Viruses and host cell

14. Viruses are parasites…
They can infect
Human
Animal
Plant
Bacteria

15. Viruses Infected on human

16. Viruses Infected on animal

17. Viruses infected on plant

18. Method of reproduction
 It only reproduce when it is contact with living cell.

24. BACTERIA
 Can be found everywhere
 They are the simplest single celled organism

25. Appearance

26.  Cell wall : maintain structural integrity, protect cell
against osmotic pressure, formed of polymer
glycoseamino peptide,thickness 200 to 300 armstrong
 Membrane : very thin skin, thickness not more than 75
Armstrong, semipermiable membrane protect aginst
all components of ecosystem except nutrients,allow
passage of waste products out of the cell without
disturbing cell content
 Cytoplasm : internal content of the cell,,colloidal
system containing organic and inorganic solutes,
contains ribosomes,DNA,RNA,enzymes
 PILLI : short fibers attached to the cell wall,encourage
DNA transfer

27.  Flagellum : capable of rapid motion in liquid, achieved
by thread like fibers called flagella,directly attached to
the cytoplasmic membrane along its length
 Capsule : thick layer outside a cell wall,polysaccharide
and ncontinuously produced by the cell,provide
protection to the cell wall
 Spore : forming resistance bodies bacteria. Enable to
survive extreme heat, radiation, toxic chemicals or
starvation. “Bacillus” and “clostridium” are most
common spore formers bacteria.

28. Appearance of bacteria
 Surrounded with tough cell wall
cell wall …… support and maintain the shape of the cell
 Have hundred of hairlike called PILLI
pilli……… enable(membolehkan) bacteria to stick
(melekat) to certain surface (permukaan)
 Also have a tail
tail……….. Help them to move

29. Size
 The size is bigger than viruses..

30. Shape of bacteria
Shape of
bacteria
Spherical
(cocci)
Long chain
(streptococci)
Bunches of
grape
(staphylococci)
Rod shaped
bacili
spiral

32. Nutrition
 Carry out photosynthesis
 Some are SAPROTROPHS…
saprotrophs…absorb (serap) nutrient from
dead organism

33. Method of reproduction
 By binary fission

34. Habitat

35. PROTOZOA

36. PROTOZOA
1. Are unicellular microscopic organism
2. They have complex internal structures such as nuclei
containing genetic material

37. Size of protozoa
 Ranges from 5 to 250 µm
 So they are easily seen under low magnification
microscope.

38. Example of protozoa

39. HABITAT
 AMOEBA
 Soil
 Fresh water
 Ocean
 Other organism as
parasites
 PARAMESIUM
 Fresh water

40. Shape of AMOEBA
 Does not have fix shape
 Its shapes change when
it moves
 Use
PSEUDOPODIA(tempor
ary structure on surface)
which help them to
move

41. SHAPE OF PARAMESIUM
 Shape like a slipper
 Has a tiny hair called
CILIA
 CILIA was used to move
and draw food into its
body.

42. METHOD OF REPRODUCTION
 AMOEBA
Binary fission
 PARAMESIUM
 Binary fission

43. ALGAE

44. Characteristic of algae
Simple organism that make food
through photosynthesis.
They have chlorophyll but it is not a
plant….
Did algae have roots, stems and leaves?
They didn’t have roots, stems and
leaves..
So, can we classified it as a plant?

45. Algae
 Can be UNICELLULAR such as euglena
Or
 MULTICELLULAR such as spirogyra

47. Method of reproduction
They reproduce asexually through
BINARY FISSION
SPIRIGYRA reproduce SEXUALLY
through CONJUGATION

48. CONJUGATION
1. TWO individual united by a tube
formed by outgrowths from one
or both of the cells.
2. Genetic materials are passed
through the tube into the other
cell.

49. CONJUGATION

50. and finally it will form 4 daughter
cells

51. HABITAT

52. Fungi

55. Fungi
Are simple, plant like organism
Do not contain the chlorophyll
Feed (mendapat makanan) on
the dead matter

56. Size
 The size ranges from
10 to 100µm
 Example of fungi…
 Mould
 Yeast

59. Habitat of fungi