Microorganisms and their applications in biotechnology

1. By:
Eiman Rana
MYP-V
(Armstrong)
MICROORGANISMS AND
THEIR APPLICATIONS IN
BIOTECHNOLOGY

2.  Very minute living
organisms
 Can’t be seen from
naked eye
 Known commonly as
germs, microbes
 Found everywhere in
nature e.g. air, water,
soil, surface of objects
and living organisms
 3 types:
WHAT ARE MICROORGANISM?
Viruses Bacteria Fungi

3.  Cause disease in living
organisms and are the smallest
disease causing particles
 Can see from electron
microscope
 They’re not cells because they
don’t have protoplasm
 It is made up of DNA or RNA
and a protein coat
 Found in different shapes
 Outside the host cell it don’t
carry any characteristics of
living things
VIRUSES

4.  Posses genetic material
 Inherit potential for
replication inside the
host
 Crystallized viruses
preserve properties of
‘life’
 Respond to chemical,
heat and radiations
 Have ability to transmit
from infected hosts to
uninfected ones
 Inability to exhibit
properties of life
outside living host cell
 Inert particles outside
living cell and can even
crystallized
 absence of protoplasm,
organelles, metabolic
reactions etc
 Can replicate but can’t
grow inside host
 Don’t feed, respire,
excrete or reproduce
LIVING AND NON-LIVING
CHARACTERISTICS

5.  Viral diseases include:
Dengue
Influenza
Chickenpox
Cold
Herpes
Congo
 Viruses can only be
treated by antibodies
produced by our white
blood cells
DISEASES

6.  Living cells
 Larger then viruses
 Can be seen through light
microscope
 Found everywhere (in food, soil, air,
water, body)
 Bacteria may be:
Decaying organic matter
Cause disease in plants and animals
Able to manufacture food using
energy
 They are aerobic and anaerobic both
 Able to reproduce rapidly
BACTERIA

7.  It consist of cytoplasm, a cell
surface membrane, cell wall
 Doesn’t have nuclear envelope
so no nucleus
 Have single circular loop of DNA
 Definitely, it has chromosome
and genes
 It also has plasmid in cytoplasm
 Some bacterial are non-motile
(can’t move or swim) while
some are motile
 Have flagella that enables it to
move
STRUCTURE OF BACTERIA

8.  Three types:
Cocci (spherical shape)
Bacilli (rod shape)
Spirilla (spiral shape)
TYPES OF BACTERIA

9.  Feed on decaying organic
matter or as parasites of
plants and animals
 They’re unicellular e.g.
yeast (it can reproduce by
budding) and
multicellular e.g. bread
 They are dispersed by
wind and can germinate
FUNGI

10.  Thread like structure called
hypha
 Cell wall for protection
composed of chitin, a
complex carbohydrate
 Each hypha has cell
membrane, cytoplasm with
nuclei and a large central
vacuole
STRUCTURE OF FUNGI

11.  It is the industrial use of
biological processes from
microorganism to make
substances or to provide services
 It is linked to genetic
engineering
 Its ability is also used to carry
out fermentation to produce food
 Use in industries
 There are different products e.g.
yoghurt making, cheese making,
bread making, production of
alcohol, antibiotics
BIOTECHNOLOGY

12. THANK YOU!