simple permanent tissue inside the plant some slide by:-Peshawa Barwary

1. Permanent tissue
(simple tissues)
Prepared by
Peshawa S. Fadhil

2. Simple Permanent tissue:
A simple tissue might be defined as a group of
related cells that carry out a regular function.
They are made up of only one type of cell.
Here, all the cells that make up the tissue are
similar and have a similar structure, with similar
type parts.
These are of three types: Parenchyma,
collenchyma, and sclerenchyma.
This tissue cells might be living or dead.
Found in every part of the plant.

3. The formation of simple:
When the cells formed by meristematic tissue
take up a specific role and lose the ability to
divide. As a result they form a permanent
tissue.
 This process of taking up a permanent shape,
size, and a function is called differentiation.
Cells of meristematic tissue differentiate to
form different types of permanent tissue. Simple permanent tissue

4. The importance of simple permanent tissue:
The simple permanent tissue in plants mainly helps in providing
support, protection as well as in photosynthesis, as well as repair of
the tissue.

5. Parenchyma:
• In plants, relatively undifferentiated cell
where most metabolism occurs.
• The cells of this tissue are living, with thin cell
walls. Cells can be oval or round in shape.
• They have a large central vacuole and a dense
cytoplasm.
• The parenchyma tissue is located in the soft
parts of the plant such as cortex and pith.

6. Function of parenchyma cells:
1. Storage.
2. Transport.
3. Photosynthesis.
4. Gas exchange.
5. Protection.

7. 1. Chlorenchyma.
2. Aerenchyma.
3. Prosenchyma.
4. Vascular parenchyma.
5. Medullary parenchyma.
6. Conjunctive parenchyma.
7. Armed parenchyma.
Types of parenchyma cells:

8. Collenchyma:
• A simple permanent tissue .
•Living cell with prominent nucleus.
•Cell is with a large and prominent vacuole.
•Vacuole is filled with secondary metabolites
•Collenchyma cell possess thick primary cell wall.
•Wall deposition : hemicellulose ,pectin and cellulose.
•Collenchyma completely absent in monocots.
• Collenchyma is absent in the roots.

9. Function of collenchyma in plant:
• Collenchyma is the living mechanical tissue in the plants.
• Provide mechanical support .
• Plant parts can bend without breaking .
• Permits the growth and elongation of plant parts.
Classification of Collenchyma plant:
Lacunar collenchyma
.Cells appeared to be arranged as tangential rows or layers
•Compactly packed without intercellular spaces
•Occurs in the petiole of leaves

10. Classification of Collenchyma plant:
Angular copllenchyma:
• Cells are angled polygonal in
appearance
• •Thickening materials deposited only
at the corners of the cell
• •Compactly packed without any
intercellular spaces
• •Common type of collenchyma
• •Found in the hypodermis
• They are uniformly thickened
collenchymatous cell
• Cell appear as circular in cross
section
Annular Collenchyma

11. Sclerenchyma:
• A simple permanent trissue
• Cells are dead at their maturity.
• Cells don’t have protoplast when they completely
developed.
• Have thick secondary cell wall.
• Secondary cell wall are lignified very hard.
• Show intrusive growth.

12. Classification of sclerenchyma:
• Based on size two type of sclerenchyma are described.
1. Sclereide.
2. Fibers.

13. Sclereide:
• Short cells.
• Also called stone cells.
• Poses very thick and hard cell wall.
• Cell lumen is very small.
• Shape of sclereide varies.
• Posses many pits.
• Sclereide abundantly present in plant part.