This document discusses different types of microorganisms including viruses, bacteria, protozoa, algae, and fungi. It describes their key characteristics such as appearance, size, shape, nutrition, reproduction methods, and habitats. Viruses are the smallest and can only reproduce inside host cells. Bacteria are larger and can move using flagella or pili. Protozoa include amoebas and paramecium which use pseudopodia to move and feed. Algae such as euglena are single-celled while spirigyra are multi-cellular and reproduce through conjugation. Fungi lack chlorophyll and feed on dead matter.

1. MICROORGANISM AND THEIR EFFCTS ON LIVING THINGCHAPTER 1

2. MICROORGANISM……?Micro and Makro?

3. Micro mean…………….small, very small, can’t see by naked eyes.Makro mean……………big,can see by naked eyes

4. How to see the tiny particle such as microorganism…..It can be seen by using electron microscope..

5. The classification of microorganism.

6. The characteristic of microorganism include their…Appearance ---- keadaanluaranShape……………….. BentukSize…………………… saizMethod of reproduction……………..caramembiakNutrition ……………………. NutrisiHabitat……………………….. Tempattinggal

7. Viruses

8. APPEARANCE OF VIRUSESIs the smallest microorganismThe structure is simple Viruses consist (mengandungi) of strands of nucleic acid (DNA) which protected(dilindungi) by a protein coat

9. SIZE OF VIRUSESTHE SIZE ARE TOO SMALLSMALLER THAN BACTERIA

10. SHAPE OF VIRUSESHELICALPOLYHEDRAL

12. CHARACTERISTIC OF VIRUSViruses do not make their own foodThey obtain (mendapatkan) food from animals,plants and some bacteria.So they are PARASITES (mendapatmakanandrindividu lain sehinggamembawakeburukankepadaindividutersebut)The cell where the viruses are attached (melekat) are called as host cells…This cell become the habitat of the viruses

13. Viruses and host cell

14. Viruses are parasites…They can infectHumanAnimal Plant Bacteria

15. Viruses Infected on human

16. Viruses Infected on animal

17. Viruses infected on plant

18. Method of reproductionIt only reproduce when it is contact with living cell.

24. BACTERIACan be found everywhereThey are the simplest single celled organism

25. Appearance

26. Appearance of bacteria Surrounded with tough cell wallcell wall …… support and maintain the shape of the cellHave hundred of hairlike called PILLIpilli……… enable(membolehkan) bacteria to stick (melekat) to certain surface (permukaan)Also have a tail tail……….. Help them to move

27. Size The size is bigger than viruses..

28. Shape of bacteria

30. Nutrition Carry out photosynthesisSome live as parasitesSome are SAPROTROPHS…saprotrophs…absorb (serap) nutrient from dead organism

31. Method of reproductionBy binary fission

32. Habitat

33. PROTOZOA

34. PROTOZOAAre unicellular microscopic organismThey have complex internal structures such as nuclei containing genetic material

35. Size of protozoaRanges from 5 to 250 µmSo they are easily seen under low magnification microscope.

36. Example of protozoa

37. HABITATAMOEBA SoilFresh waterOcean Other organism as parasitesPARAMESIUMFresh water

38. Shape of AMOEBADoes not have fix shapeIts shapes change when it movesUse PSEUDOPODIA which help them to moveAnd use PSEUDOPODIA to capture and engulf(telan) makanan.

39. Shape like a slipperHas a tiny hair called CILIACILIA was used to move and draw food into its body.SHAPE OF PARAMESIUM

40. METHOD OF REPRODUCTIONAMOEBA Binary fissionPARAMESIUMBinary fission

41. ALGAE

42. Characteristic of algaeSimple organism that make food through photosynthesis.

43. They have chlorophyll but it is not a plant….

44. Did algae have roots, stems and leaves?

45. They didn’t have roots, stems and leaves..

46. So, can we classified it as a plant?Algae Can be UNICELLULAR such as euglenaOrMULTICELLULAR such as spirogyra

48. Method of reproductionThey reproduce asexually through BINARY FISSIONSPIRIGYRA reproduce SEXUALLY through CONJUGATION

49. CONJUGATIONTWO individual united by a tube formed by outgrowths from one or both of the cells.Genetic materials are passed through the tube into the other cell.

50. CONJUGATION

51. and finally it will form 4 daughter cells

52. HABITAT

53. Fungi

56. Fungi Are simple, plant like organismDo not contain the chlorophyllFeed (mendapatmakanan) on the dead matter

57. Size The size ranges from 10 to 100µmExample of fungi…Mould Yeast