Microbial metabolism involves chemical reactions and workings that allow cells to obtain energy and materials for growth. These reactions are catalyzed by enzymes, which increase reaction rates and lower energy requirements. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the central energy currency that powers cellular reactions but must be continually regenerated through metabolism. Enzymes exhibit high substrate specificity and determine which reactions occur in a cell's metabolism. Metabolic pathways involve interconnected enzyme-catalyzed steps that allow cells to break down nutrients and synthesize cellular components.
This PPT is meant for undergraduate students to clear the concepts of Microbial metabolism.
The presentation includes the basics of catabolism and anabolism
This PPT is meant for undergraduate students to clear the concepts of Microbial metabolism.
The presentation includes the basics of catabolism and anabolism
Different carbohydrate metabolism pathways by microbesTRIDIP BORUAH
Carbohydrate is the major source of energy for a variety of microbes. Here are some significant metabolic pathways by which microorganisms utilize carbohydrates
UNIT – IV : PLANT PHYSIOLOGY
CHAPTER 14 : RESPIRATION IN PLANTS.
Exchange gases; Cellular respiration-glycolysis, fermentation (anaerobic), TCA cycle and electron transport system (aerobic); Energy relations-Number of ATP molecules generated; Amphibolic pathways; Respiratory quotient.
Different carbohydrate metabolism pathways by microbesTRIDIP BORUAH
Carbohydrate is the major source of energy for a variety of microbes. Here are some significant metabolic pathways by which microorganisms utilize carbohydrates
UNIT – IV : PLANT PHYSIOLOGY
CHAPTER 14 : RESPIRATION IN PLANTS.
Exchange gases; Cellular respiration-glycolysis, fermentation (anaerobic), TCA cycle and electron transport system (aerobic); Energy relations-Number of ATP molecules generated; Amphibolic pathways; Respiratory quotient.
Fermented Foods and Chemicals (Fermentation of Distillers Yeast, Brewers Yeas...Ajjay Kumar Gupta
Fermentation in food processing is the process of converting carbohydrates to alcohol or organic acids using microorganisms—yeasts or bacteria—under anaerobic conditions. Fermentation usually implies that the action of microorganisms is desired. The term fermentation sometimes refers specifically to the chemical conversion of sugars into ethanol, producing alcoholic drinks such as wine, beer, and cider.
Fermentation chemicals are used as process initiators in several applications. Fermentation chemicals help in speeding the process reactions and saves time, energy and process cost. Fermentation chemicals are widely used in industries across the globe, owing to their natural structure, low cost and better outputs.
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Enzymes are biological molecules (typically proteins) that significantly speed up the rate of virtually all of the chemical reactions that take place within cells. They are vital for life and serve a wide range of important functions in the body, such as aiding in digestion and metabolism
A comparison between organic and conventionally grown carrots prepared on cut...Crystal Rose
Hypothesis: Organic carrots should exhibit a higher quantity of microbial growth than their conventional counterparts, even after the application of various sanitizers.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
2. METABOLISM
From the Greek term, metaballein,
meaning change.
Pertains to all chemical reactions and
physical workings of the cell.
3. Energy
Defined as the capacity to do work or to
cause particular changes.
Cellular metabolism – the totality of all
chemical reactions that a cell carries
out.
Metabolism- obtain energy and
materials for growth.
4. ATP
Is the central chemical in the energy
transformations of cellular metabolism
ATP cannot be stored for long periods
of time so it must be continually made.
5. Role of Enzymes
Cellular metabolism is based on
chemical reactions catalyzed by
enzymes.
Enzymes are biological catalysts –
accelerate the rates of chemical
reactions.
Most are proteins but a very few are
RNA.
7. Enzymes
Increase rates of a cell’s chemical
reactions by more than a million times.
Energy is required for a chemical
reaction to occur. Enzymes lower
activation energy.
8. Energy of Activation
Increasing thermal energy (heating),
which increases molecular velocity
Increasing the concentration of
reactants, or
Adding a catalyst
9.
10.
11. Enzymes
Exhibit high degree of substrate
specificity.
The enzymes a particular cell
synthesizes will determine which
chemical reactions occur in cellular
metabolism of that cell.
Substrate + E E-S complex E +
Product
12.
13.
14. Enzyme Structure
Enzymes can be classified as simple or
conjugated.
Simple – consist of protein alone
Conjugated – protein + nonprotein
22. Enzyme Specificity
The apoenzyme of each enzyme differs
from others in its primary structure
Nuances in polypeptide folding
Surface features of the tertiary
structure provide a unique and specific
site
27. Synthesis & Hydrolysis Reactions
Bacterial cells are constantly in a frenzy
of activity, constantly synthesizing
proteins, DNA, and RNA.
Anabolic Reactions – Condensation
Reactions
Require ATP
Catabolic Reactions – Hydrolysis
Reactions
28. Transfer Reactions by Enzymes
Addition or removal of a functional
group are important to the overall
economy of the cell.
Oxidation – Reduction reactions
Important in metabolic pathways
Role in molecular conversions
29. The Role of Microbial Enzymes in
Disease
Exoenzymes which help bacteria avoid
host defenses or promote their
multiplication in tissues.
Virulence factors or toxins:
Streptococcus pyogenes (streptokinase,
protease); Staphylococcus aureus
(lipases); Pseudomonas aeruginosa
(elastase, collangenase)
30. The Role of Microbial Enzymes in
Disease
Clostridium perfringens (lecithinase C,
lipase)
31.
32.
33. The Sensitivity of Enzymes to their
Environment
Activity of an enzyme is influenced by
the cell’s environment.
Temperature, pH, osmotic pressure
Denaturation – disruption causes
distortion of the enzyme
34. Checklist
Act as organic catalysts to speed up the
rate of cellular reactions
Are composed of protein and may
require cofactors
Have unique characteristics such as
shape, specificity, and function
Enable metabolic reactions to proceed
at a speed compatible with life
35. Checklist
Provide a reactive site for target
molecules called substrates
Associate closely with substrates but do
not become integrated into the reaction
products
Are not used up or permanently
changed by the reaction
36. Checklist
Lower the activation energy required for
a chemical reaction to proceed
Can be recycled, thus function in
extremely low concentrations
Are limited by particular conditions of
temperature and pH
37. Metabolic Pathways and Carbon Flow
The enzymatically mediated metabolic
reactions of a cell proceed via a series
of small discrete steps that establish a
metabolic pathway.
Catabolic
Anabolic
38. Metabolic Pathways
Rarely consist of a single action or step.
Each step catalyzed by an enzyme.
Pathways are interconnected and merge
at different sites.
Pacemakers – sets the rate of a
pathway’s progression.
Respond to various control signals
39. Direct Controls
Competitive Inhibition
Feedback Control
Negative Feedback
41. The Pursuit and Utilization of Energy
Biosynthesis, movement, transport, or
growth could proceed without ENERGY
42. Nutritional Patterns Among Bacteria
Two criteria: Energy (E) source & Carbon
(C ) Source
Prototrophs – light as primary E source
Chemotrophs – redox reactions for E
Autotrophs – use CO2
Heterotrophs – require an organic C
source