Mammary system, Milk Synthesis, Milk Let-down & Milking

1. Dr Muhammad Ashiq Toor
DVM , B s c (Zoology)
Islamia University of Bahawal Pur (IUB)
(2010 – 2015)
+92-344-499-7375
+92-300-364-2402
Mammary system, Milk Synthesis, Milk
Let-down & Milking

2. Mammary System
 The mammary gland is a modified sweat gland.
It consists of the mamma and teat.
Due to presence of mammary
glands animal are called mammal
Mamma
Teat

3. Udder
Mamma + Teat
Lobules
Alveoli
Lobes
Lactiferous
Duct
Lactiferous sinus (milk sinus)
Gland sinus + Teat sinus
Teat sinus
Papillary Duct (Teat canals)
Ostium (Teat Opening)
Sphincter

4. Suspensory Apparatus
Lateral lamina: Consists of collagen fibers from the fascia of the
pubic symphysis and the edge of the superficial inguinal ring.
Medial lamina: Consists of elastic fibers from the tunica flava
ventral to the pubic symphysis.
Intermammary groove: It divides the left and right rows of
mamma.

9. Milk synthesis processes
The precursors of milk components leave the
blood and enter the extracellular fluid between
the capillaries and the epithelial cells.
Amino acids to proteins
Micelle

10. Glucose to lactose:
Glucose enters the cell
 Some glucose is converted to galactos.
Both glucose and galactose enter the Golgi and
enter into a reaction resulting in formation of
lactose.

11. Milk fat precursors to milk fat
 Acetate and ß-hydroxybutyrate are important
precursors of fatty acid
, preformed fatty acids, glycerol, and
monoacylglycerides are absorbed
Milk fat triglyceridesare synthesized on the smooth
endoplasmic reticulum (SER)and form small
droplets.

12. Transport of Milk Components Not Synthesized in the
Epithelial Cells:
 Immunoglobulins
 serum albumin

14. Milk Let-down
The mechanism of secretion of milk from alveoli
and collection of milk in milk sinus Milk let-down
It is controlled by unconditioned factors, most
notably the response to tactile stimuli provided by a
calf rubbing the udder or teat when suckling, or a
similar stimulus provided by the milker
In stress adrenalin release (as a response to
stress) which can counter the effect of oxytocin.

16. Heat
Unfavorable climate
Sudden Loud Voice/Noise
Stage of lactation
Breed
Time of lactation
Feeding
Factor Effecting Milk Let-down

17. Milking
Removal of milk from udder after let- down
a) Hand milking
b) Machine milking

18. Hand milking
 milked from left side.
 Starts milking teats either cross wise or fore
quarters together and then hind quarters
together or teats appearing most distended

21.  It opens the streak canal through the use of a partial
vacuum, allowing the milk to flow out of the teat
cistern through a line to a receiving container.
It massages the teat, which prevents congestion of
blood and lymph in the teat.
Machine Milking
Milking machine
•A calf and the machine- similar fashion
•Tongue, Dental pallet and jaw movement of the calf by the
inflation tube, pulsator and vacuum pump.
•352mm Hg- Cattle
•400mm Hg in Buffaloes

23. If have you any
than you can ask
otherwise