Mbai itm u4.1 communication
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Communication is the exchange of information between two or more parties. It includes both verbal communication (oral and written) and non-verbal communication like gestures and body language. Effective communication flows in three directions - downward from superiors to subordinates, upward from subordinates to superiors, and horizontally between peers. Barriers to communication can occur due to issues with the sender, receiver, message, or environment and include noise, assumptions, cultural differences and more. Proper communication is important for the smooth functioning of any organization.
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Factors affecting communication
This document discusses various factors that can affect communication effectiveness. It notes that communication is the transmission of knowledge, ideas, and thoughts between people. Effective communication can be impacted by language barriers, choice of communication channel, credibility of the source, disabilities, cultural and social differences, attention, body language, and other factors like noise or lack of shared context. Overall, the document explores many possible barriers and considerations for ensuring understanding between parties in a communication exchange.
Types of Communication
This document discusses different types of communication. There are two main types - verbal communication, which uses words either spoken or written, and non-verbal communication, which conveys meaning through facial expressions, gestures, body language, etc. Verbal communication can be oral, through speaking, or written. Non-verbal communication includes kinesics (body language), vocalics (paralanguage), proxemics (use of space), haptics (touch), and chronemics (use of time). Communication can also be formal, following official rules along the organizational hierarchy, or informal, occurring spontaneously without conforming to formal processes.
Dimensions of communication
The document discusses miscommunication and the four dimensions of communication that can influence understanding. The four dimensions are verbal/nonverbal, oral/written, formal/informal, and intentional/unintentional. Miscommunication can occur when the dimensions contradict each other, such as when words don't match actions or when oral and written messages differ. Culture and gender are also discussed as two factors that can impact the interpretation of communications across these four dimensions.
Communication skills
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This document discusses the different types of communication barriers: physical, semantic, organizational, and psychological. Physical barriers include distance, noise, and physical office layouts. Semantic barriers arise from ambiguous language, jargon, and complex sentences. Organizational barriers are caused by goals, regulations, structure, status differences, and planning issues. Psychological barriers stem from personal perceptions, filtering, distrust, emotions, viewpoints, and defensiveness. The document provides examples of each type of communication barrier.
Barriers in communication
This document discusses barriers to communication and provides examples of physical and language barriers. It defines physical barriers as those resulting from distracting environments, distance between communicators, or lack of understanding of the communication medium. Examples provided are adverse weather, different buildings/floors, and not understanding signs/symbols. Language barriers are defined as a lack of common language between communicators. Examples given are dialects, language disabilities like stuttering, and hearing loss. The document provides suggestions for overcoming both types of barriers, such as conductive environments, proper seating, using plain language, interpreters, visual aids, repetition, and respect.
Notes on communication
The document discusses effective communication in nursing, including the importance of verbal and nonverbal communication, factors that influence communication, barriers to communication, and phases of the nurse-patient relationship. It provides an overview of communication concepts like encoding, decoding, feedback, channels, and referents. The document also examines Peplau's five phases of the nurse-patient relationship - orientation, identification, exploitation, resolution, and termination.
Types Of Communication; P 51 53
This document discusses 5 types of communication: intrapersonal, interpersonal, small-group, public speaking, and mass communication. Intrapersonal communication refers to internal dialogue, interpersonal involves 2-3 people through informal daily conversations or formal planned discussions, small-group involves 4-12 people in informal or formal meetings, public speaking has one person addressing a larger audience with limited feedback, and mass communication allows communicating over distances to many people. Effective communication requires a speaker, message, audience, and feedback but can be complicated by distractions, so speakers must communicate clearly despite obstacles.
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Dimensions of communication
The document discusses miscommunication and the four dimensions of communication that can influence understanding. The four dimensions are verbal/nonverbal, oral/written, formal/informal, and intentional/unintentional. Miscommunication can occur when the dimensions contradict each other, such as when words don't match actions or when oral and written messages differ. Culture and gender are also discussed as two factors that can impact the interpretation of communications across these four dimensions.
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Barriers in communication
This document discusses barriers to communication and provides examples of physical and language barriers. It defines physical barriers as those resulting from distracting environments, distance between communicators, or lack of understanding of the communication medium. Examples provided are adverse weather, different buildings/floors, and not understanding signs/symbols. Language barriers are defined as a lack of common language between communicators. Examples given are dialects, language disabilities like stuttering, and hearing loss. The document provides suggestions for overcoming both types of barriers, such as conductive environments, proper seating, using plain language, interpreters, visual aids, repetition, and respect.
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The document discusses effective communication in nursing, including the importance of verbal and nonverbal communication, factors that influence communication, barriers to communication, and phases of the nurse-patient relationship. It provides an overview of communication concepts like encoding, decoding, feedback, channels, and referents. The document also examines Peplau's five phases of the nurse-patient relationship - orientation, identification, exploitation, resolution, and termination.
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Business communication
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This power point explains what physical, language, cultural,perceptual and gender barriers are and how they can overcome.
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This document discusses barriers to communication and ways to overcome them. It defines communication and describes the communication process. There are many potential barriers that can interfere with effective communication, including physiological, psychological, physical/environmental, cultural, personal, social, semantic, linguistic, and organizational barriers. Some examples provided are language barriers, distractions, cultural differences, lack of confidence, and unclear planning. The document recommends ways to improve communication such as using simple language, active listening, providing feedback, proper media selection, and following the six C's of effective communication - complete, clear, correct, concise, considerate and courteous.
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This document summarizes barriers to communication. It was prepared by Prof. Pooja Fernandes and lists 5 students. It defines communication and barriers to communication. It identifies 5 types of barriers: physical, semantic/language, cross-cultural, socio-psychological, and organizational. For each barrier type, it provides the meaning and examples of types of that barrier. It also provides tips on how to overcome each of the barrier types.
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Types of communication
This document discusses different types of communication and the role of language in verbal communication. It notes that human language is learned rather than inherited biologically and that the ability to acquire any language is innate. The document also covers the importance of language and differences in verbal and nonverbal communication between genders and cultures. Specifically, it states that language represents social identity and shapes thoughts and perceptions of reality. It provides examples of how "yes" can mean different things in different cultures and tips for improving nonverbal communication skills.
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This document reviews communication processes and includes definitions of communication, the elements and types of communication, and factors that facilitate or create barriers to effective communication. Communication is defined as the exchange of information between individuals through systems of symbols or behaviors. The communication process involves senders, receivers, messages, and channels. Types of communication are classified based on means of delivery, purpose, levels of interaction, and patterns of exchange. Facilitators include concreteness, completeness, clarity and courtesy, while barriers include physiological, environmental, psychological and other issues. Techniques for effective and therapeutic communication are discussed.
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This document defines communication and describes the communication process. Communication is defined as the process of passing information from one person to another. The communication process involves a sender encoding a message and transmitting it through a channel to a receiver who decodes the message. The document also discusses formal and informal communication, verbal and nonverbal communication, barriers to communication, and techniques to overcome barriers. It describes upward, downward, and horizontal communication in an organizational context. Finally, it discusses passive, aggressive, and assertive communication styles for nursing administrators.
BARRIERS TO COMMUNICATION, COMMUNICATION SKILLS, B.pharm 1st sem & 3rd sem (L...
There are several types of barriers to communication that can interfere or block messages. Physical barriers are external obstacles that make transmitting messages difficult, such as distance or noise. Language barriers occur when words are used incorrectly or there are differences in dialects that cause misunderstandings. Perceptual barriers are internal, arising from beliefs or perceptions that the other person will not understand. Gender, emotional, interpersonal, cultural, and lack of interest barriers can also arise from differences in thinking, feelings, behaviors, and mindsets between individuals and cultures. Overcoming these barriers to ensure understanding is important for effective communication.
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Barriers to communication : presentation
The presentation is all about barriers to a effective communication. The presentation covers 5 most common barrier but there can be more barriers. The presentation is easy to understand and made for general audience
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NAME:- PRAJAPATI YASHKUMAR MUKESHBHAI
BRANCH:-COMPUTER ENGINEERING
ENROLLMENT:-160210107039
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This PowerPoint presentation discusses communication, its types, and barriers. It defines communication as the process of sharing messages between people using channels, contexts, and culture. Verbal communication uses speaking, listening, writing and reading, while non-verbal communication uses gestures, facial expressions, body language, and other cues. Both have advantages like immediacy but also disadvantages like potential for misunderstanding. Barriers to communication include noise, assumptions, language differences and emotions. Overall, both verbal and non-verbal communication are important but can be improved by understanding potential barriers.
Types of Communication
This document defines and describes different types of communication. It discusses one-way and two-way communication, and defines verbal communication as using symbols with universal meanings and non-verbal communication as transmitting meaning through facial expressions, body language, and paralanguage. It also outlines formal communication structures like upward, downward, and horizontal communication in organizations and describes informal, interpersonal, and intrapersonal communication.
Bbai pom u3.3 communication
Communication is the process of exchanging information between individuals through both verbal and non-verbal means. Verbal communication includes oral communication like speech and written communication like emails and letters. Non-verbal communication conveys over 90% of messages through gestures, body language, eye contact, and physical space. Effective communication is important for organizations, allowing the exchange of facts, ideas, opinions, and emotions. However, there are also various barriers that can interfere with successful communication, including noise, cultural differences, selective perception, and poor listening skills.
communication ppt.pptx
The document discusses communication and the nurse-patient relationship. It defines communication and describes its importance in healthcare. It outlines 6 types of communication including verbal, non-verbal, written, listening, visual, and intercultural. Barriers to communication and skills needed for effective communication are also discussed. The importance of patient teaching and developing therapeutic nurse-patient relationships to promote health and wellness is emphasized. Maintaining trust, respect, confidentiality and focusing on the patient are key to developing helping relationships.
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This document defines and describes communication and its key aspects. Communication is defined as the exchange of information, ideas, thoughts and feelings through speech, signals, writing or behavior between a sender and receiver. The document then outlines the main components of the communication process including the sender, message, channel and feedback. It also discusses the different types of communication such as verbal, nonverbal, and the various levels of communication like intrapersonal, interpersonal, one-to-group, and mass communication. The document concludes by covering barriers to communication and tools for effective communication.
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This document discusses barriers to communication and ways to overcome them. It defines communication and describes the communication process. There are many potential barriers that can interfere with effective communication, including physiological, psychological, physical/environmental, cultural, personal, social, semantic, linguistic, and organizational barriers. Some examples provided are language barriers, distractions, cultural differences, lack of confidence, and unclear planning. The document recommends ways to improve communication such as using simple language, active listening, providing feedback, proper media selection, and following the six C's of effective communication - complete, clear, correct, concise, considerate and courteous.
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The presentation is all about barriers to a effective communication. The presentation covers 5 most common barrier but there can be more barriers. The presentation is easy to understand and made for general audience
TYPES OF COMMUNICATION
NAME:- PRAJAPATI YASHKUMAR MUKESHBHAI
BRANCH:-COMPUTER ENGINEERING
ENROLLMENT:-160210107039
SEM:- 1ST SEMESTER
Guideline by:-
Dr.Himanshu Shrivastav
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This document defines and describes different types of communication. It discusses one-way and two-way communication, and defines verbal communication as using symbols with universal meanings and non-verbal communication as transmitting meaning through facial expressions, body language, and paralanguage. It also outlines formal communication structures like upward, downward, and horizontal communication in organizations and describes informal, interpersonal, and intrapersonal communication.
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1. Communication is the process of exchanging information between two or more people through a common system of symbols, signs, or behavior. Effective communication requires a clear message, an open channel between the parties involved, and engaged listeners.
2. The document discusses several models of communication including the Aristotle model, Berlo model, Shannon-Weaver model, and Paul Leagans model. It also defines the key elements of the communication process including the communicator, message, channel, audience, and feedback.
3. Organizational communication involves the formal and informal flows of information within a structured environment. Formal communication includes downward, upward, and horizontal flows while informal communication occurs through casual conversations and gossip chains.
Communication presentation by heena
Nursing management presented the key concepts of public relations including its meaning, need, functions, elements, and advantages. Effective public relations is important for creating a positive organizational image, developing goodwill with key stakeholders, and handling crises or negative publicity. It outlined the difference between publicity and advertising, and the four steps to plan a public relations program: identify the problem, develop a plan, implement, and evaluate.
Communication presentation by heena
Nursing management involves effective communication. Communication is a process of exchanging messages, ideas, and information between individuals. It has several elements including the source, message, encoding, channel, receiver, decoding, and feedback. There are various types of communication based on relationships, flow, and expression. Barriers like semantic, emotional, physical, organizational, and personal barriers can affect communication between individuals like coworkers. Effective communication skills and being aware of different communication channels, styles, and barriers is important for nurse managers.
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Business communication module 1 - Kerala University
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Rai University provides high quality education for MSc, Law, Mechanical Engineering, BBA, MSc, Computer Science, Microbiology, Hospital Management, Health Management and IT Engineering.
Mm unit 4point2
The document discusses various types of retailers including specialty stores, department stores, supermarkets, convenience stores, and discount stores. It then covers marketing decisions for retailers related to target markets, product assortment, store services, pricing, promotion, and store location. The document also discusses wholesaling, including the functions of wholesalers, types of wholesalers, and marketing decisions faced by wholesalers.
Mm unit 4point1
This document discusses marketing channels and channel management. It defines marketing channels as sets of interdependent organizations that make a product available for use. Channels perform important functions like information gathering, stimulating purchases, negotiating prices, ordering, financing inventory, storage, and payment. Channel design considers customer expectations, objectives, constraints, alternatives that are evaluated. Channel management includes selecting, training, motivating, and evaluating channel members. Channels are dynamic and can involve vertical, horizontal, and multi-channel systems. Conflicts between channels must be managed to balance cooperation and competition.
Mm unit 4point3
The document discusses integrated marketing communication and its various elements. It defines integrated marketing communication as combining different communication modes like advertising, sales promotion, public relations, personal selling, and direct marketing to provide a complete communication portfolio to audiences. It also discusses the communication process and how each element of the marketing mix communicates to customers. The document provides details on the key components of an integrated marketing communication mix and how it can be used to build brand equity.
Mm unit 3point2
Pricing is a key element in determining the profitability and success of a business. The price must be set correctly - if too high, demand may decrease and the product may be priced out of the market, but if too low, revenue may not cover costs. Pricing strategies should consider the product lifecycle stage, costs, competitors, and demand factors. Common pricing methods include penetration pricing for new products, market skimming for premium products, value pricing based on perceived worth, and cost-plus pricing which adds a markup to costs. Price affects demand through price elasticity, with elastic demand more sensitive to price changes.
Mm unit 3point1
The document discusses various aspects of branding such as definitions of a brand, brand positioning, brand name selection, brand sponsorship, brand development strategies like line extensions and brand extensions, challenges in branding, importance of packaging, labeling, and universal product codes. It provides examples of well-known brands and analyzes their branding strategies. The key points covered are creating emotional value for customers, building relationships and loyalty, using brands to project aspirational lifestyles and values to command premium prices.
Mm unit 2point2
This document outlines the key stages in the new product development (NPD) process. It begins with generating ideas for new products, which can come from internal or external sources. Ideas are then screened using criteria like market size and development costs. Successful concepts are developed and test marketed to customers. If testing goes well, the product proceeds to commercialization with a full market launch. The NPD process helps companies focus their resources on projects most likely to be rewarding and brings new products to market more quickly. It describes common challenges in NPD like defining specifications and managing resources and timelines, and how to overcome them through planning and cross-functional involvement.
Mm unit 2 point 1
A product is an item offered for sale that can be physical or virtual. It has a life cycle and may need to be adapted over time to remain relevant. A product needs to serve a purpose, function well, and be effectively communicated to users. It also requires a name to help it stand out.
A product hierarchy has multiple levels from core needs down to specific items. These include the need, product family, class, line, type, and item or stock keeping unit.
Products go through a life cycle with stages of development, introduction, growth, maturity, and decline. Marketing strategies must adapt to each stage such as heavy promotion and price changes in introduction and maturity.
Mm unit 1point3
This document discusses barriers between marketing researchers and managerial decision makers. It identifies three types of barriers: behavioral, process, and organizational. Specific behavioral barriers discussed include confirmatory bias, the difficulty balancing creativity and data, and the newcomer syndrome. Process barriers include unsuccessful problem definition and research rigidity. Organizational barriers include misuse of information asymmetries. The document also discusses ethical issues in marketing research such as deceptive practices, invasion of privacy, and breaches of confidentiality.
Mm unit 1point2
The document discusses best practices for organizing, writing, and presenting a marketing research report. It provides guidance on structuring the report with appropriate headings, formatting the introduction and conclusion/recommendation sections, effectively utilizing visuals like tables and graphs, and tips for an ethical and impactful oral presentation of the findings. The goal is to clearly communicate the research results and insights to the client to inform their decision-making.
Mm unit 1point1
This document discusses marketing research and its key steps and methods. Marketing research involves collecting, analyzing and communicating information to make informed marketing decisions. There are 5 key steps in marketing research: 1) define the problem, 2) collect data, 3) analyze and interpret data, 4) reach a conclusion, 5) implement the research. Common data collection methods include interviews, surveys, observations, and experiments. The data is then analyzed using statistical techniques like frequency, percentages, and means to interpret the findings and their implications for marketing decisions.
Bdft ii, tmt, unit-iii, dyeing & types of dyeing,
Dyeing is a method of imparting color to textiles by applying dyes. There are two major types of dyes - natural dyes extracted from plants/animals/minerals and synthetic dyes made in a laboratory. Dyes can be applied at different stages of textile production from fibers to yarns to fabrics to finished garments. Common dyeing methods include stock dyeing, yarn dyeing, piece dyeing, and garment dyeing. Proper dye and method selection are needed for good colorfastness.
Bsc agri 2 pae u-4.4 publicrevenue-presentation-130208082149-phpapp02
The government requires public revenue to fund its political, social, and economic activities. There are three main sources of public revenue: tax revenue, non-tax revenue, and capital receipts. Tax revenue is collected through direct taxes like income tax, which are paid directly to the government, and indirect taxes like sales tax, where the burden can be shifted to other parties. Non-tax revenue sources include profits from public enterprises, railways, postal services, and the Reserve Bank of India. While taxes provide wide coverage and influence production, they can also reduce incentives to work and increase inequality.
Bsc agri 2 pae u-4.3 public expenditure
Public expenditure has increasingly grown over time to fulfill three main roles: protecting society, protecting individuals, and funding public works. The growth can be attributed to several causes like increased income, welfare state ideology, effects of war, increased resources and ability to finance expenditures, inflation, and effects of democracy, socialism, and development. There are also canons that govern public spending like benefits, economy, and approval by authorities. The effects of public expenditure include impacts on consumption, production through efficiency, incentives and allocation, and distribution of resources.
Bsc agri 2 pae u-4.2 public finance
Public finance involves the taxing and spending activities of government. It focuses on the microeconomic functions of government and examines taxes and spending. Government ideology can view the community or individual as most important. In the US, the federal government has more spending flexibility than states. Government spending has increased significantly as a percentage of GDP from 1929 to 2001. Major items of federal spending have shifted from defense to entitlements like Social Security and Medicare. Revenues mainly come from individual income taxes, payroll taxes, and corporate taxes at the federal level and property, sales, and income taxes at the state and local levels.
Bsc agri 2 pae u-4.1 introduction
This document provides an overview of public finance. It defines public finance as the study of how governments raise money through taxes and spending, and how these activities affect the economy. It discusses why public finance is needed to provide public goods and services, redistribute wealth, and correct issues like pollution. The key aspects of public finance covered are government spending, revenue sources like income taxes, and how fiscal policy around spending and taxation can influence economic performance.
Bsc agri 2 pae u-3.3 inflation
The document discusses the classical theory of inflation and how it relates to money supply. It states that inflation is defined as a rise in the overall price level in an economy. The quantity theory of money explains that inflation is primarily caused by increases in the money supply as controlled by the central bank. When the money supply grows faster than the amount of goods and services, it leads to too much money chasing too few goods and a rise in prices, or inflation. The document also notes that hyperinflation, which is a very high rate of inflation, can occur when governments print too much money to fund spending.
Bsc agri 2 pae u-3.2 introduction to macro economics
This document provides an introduction to macroeconomics. It defines macroeconomics as the study of national economies and the policies that governments use to affect economic performance. It discusses key issues macroeconomists address such as economic growth, business cycles, unemployment, inflation, international trade, and macroeconomic policies. It also outlines different macroeconomic theories including classical, Keynesian, and unified approaches.
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Market structure identifies how a market is composed in terms of the number of firms, nature of products, degree of monopoly power, and barriers to entry. Markets range from perfect competition to pure monopoly based on imperfections. The level of competition affects consumer benefits and firm behavior. While models simplify reality, they provide benchmarks to analyze real world situations, where regulation may influence firm actions.
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This document discusses the concept of perfect competition in economics. It defines perfect competition as a market with many small firms, identical products, free entry and exit of firms, and complete information. The document outlines the key features of perfect competition including: a large number of buyers and sellers, homogeneous products, no barriers to entry or exit, and profit maximization by firms. It also discusses the short run and long run equilibrium of a perfectly competitive firm, including cases where firms experience super normal profits, normal profits, or losses.
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Mbai itm u4.1 communication
- 1. Communication Course: MBA Subject: Introduction to Management Unit: IV 1
- 2. Communication • Process of exchanging messages or information between two or more persons.
- 3. Definition • Exchanging information among individuals working in an org • “an exchange of facts, ideas, opinions or emotions by two or more persons.” • communication is the process of sending information to a receiver so that the receiver understands it and responds to it.
- 4. Importance of communication • Information function • Command and instructive function • Influence and persuasive function • Integrative function
- 7. Flow of Communication • Downward Communication: - from top to bottom. ex. Instruction, circulars, bulletins, notices • Upward communication: - From lower to top. ex. Suggestions, grievances, complaints, reports • Horizontal: - Interchange of ideas among the officers of the same rank. ex. Consultation between managers, meetings, discussion about problem
- 8. Types of Communication • Verbal • Non- verbal 4
- 9. Types of Commu. Types Verbal Oral Written Non- verbal
- 10. Types of Communication 1. Verbal communication: - message is transmitted verbally; communication is done by word of mouth and a piece of writing a. Oral b. Written
- 11. a. Oral communication: - Spoken words are used. It includes face-to- face conversations, speech, telephonic conversation, video, radio, television, voice over internet. - In oral communication, communication is influence by pitch, volume, speed and clarity of speaking.
- 12. Written communication • written signs or symbols are used to communicate. • A written message may be printed or hand written. • In written communication message can be transmitted via email, letter, report, memo etc.
- 13. Written communication tools • Letters • Circulars • Memos • Fax • Reports • Minutes • Forms and questionnaires • Manuals
- 14. Non- verbal communication • About 93% of the information we give and receive is actually nonverbal. 5
- 16. Listening 7
- 17. Gestures, vocal qualities, spatial relationships To express superiority, dependence, dislike, respect, love and a host of other feelings and attitudes • Paralanguage: voice quality (ex.ok) • Proxemics: study of how physical space is used • Kinesics: body language and facial expression Non- verbal communication
- 19. Common barriers • Noise • Lack of planning • Wrong assumptions • Semantic (word/jargon) problem • Cultural barriers • Socio- psycho • Emotions • Selective perceptions • Information overload • Loss by transmission • Poor listening • Poor retention • Time and distance
- 20. 9
- 21. Barriers by sender: • Lack of planning • Vagueness about purpose of commu. • Obj. to be achieved • Choice of wrong language • Wrong choice of the channel 10
- 22. Barriers by receiver: • Poor listening • Inattention • Mistrust • Lack of interest • Premature evaluation • Attitudinal clash with the sender • Not in a fit physical condition
- 23. 1. http://www.rspress.com.br/userfiles/noticias/arquivo_20140217141029.jpg 2. https://lh3.ggpht.com/KV6jfmnf3vHeejLjLLn1JkNIlr-7hSvIDAN5VKDOxbNf0QZ6QCFSBQtu99D- Qpi3LmRWOQ=s148 3. https://lh4.ggpht.com/Z3LlO318S- yEvlJz4OWPDAfwjZovV9xvr6BME5riel5rG5O_kbqI8os6pOJnqVGvjy4ZwQ=s170 4. https://lh6.ggpht.com/srD58N7wIcu2O3dxD-6ItD-h336tolGxaf-GyIAkUJ8cC07cuhRi-iE57T7jLjoU6zJvPA=s85 5. http://stevenblack.files.wordpress.com/2011/04/gestures03_thumb.jpg?w=404&h=388 6. http://www.altiplano.uvg.edu.gt/cdr/validaciones/INTRODUCCION%20DE%20PROYECTOS/proyectos%20tecnic os.pdf 7. https://lh5.ggpht.com/tsFQcmaY1YyCPJyjsmTKq3mYS4RgDtT1gklj6lRKpogn_uViq3hBuF79tRR1k63j3QHzgA=s11 9 8. https://lh4.ggpht.com/nhPuJUw9w- n_MCrK2QswcEoV2QMHtv3_L6bFssXDljF6KtYEz7WixuYsx6K9syXkDmA82kM=s85 9. https://lh6.ggpht.com/c-4NmLWl73d8SKaXpMxcR0wsuGRwytYlQ- MHLlzlGeB4CJ3rpsbRex7gygvrIL756KH6FNs=s121 10. http://image.slidesharecdn.com/podcasting2012-120118104200-phpapp02/95/podcasting-and-audio- feedback-at-ljmu-2012-8-728.jpg?cb=1326905059 • Principles and practice of Management by LM Prasad, Himalaya Publishing house References: