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Communication
This document reviews communication processes and includes definitions of communication, the elements and types of communication, and factors that facilitate or create barriers to effective communication. Communication is defined as the exchange of information between individuals through systems of symbols or behaviors. The communication process involves senders, receivers, messages, and channels. Types of communication are classified based on means of delivery, purpose, levels of interaction, and patterns of exchange. Facilitators include concreteness, completeness, clarity and courtesy, while barriers include physiological, environmental, psychological and other issues. Techniques for effective and therapeutic communication are discussed.
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Communication
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- 2. Review of communicationProcess Content- ďśDefinitions of communication ďśMeaning of communication ďśProcess of communication: Elements and channels ďśTypes of communication ďśFacilitators of communication ďśBarriers of communication ďśMethods to overcome barriers of communication ďśTechniques of effective communication ďśTechniques of therapeutic communication
- 3. Review of communicationProcess Definitions of Communication ⢠Communication is process by which information is exchanged between individuals through a common system of symbols and signs of behavior. (Websterâs Dictionary) ⢠Communication is interchange of thoughts, opinions or information by speech, writings or signs. (Robert Anderson) ⢠Communication is the transmission and interchange of facts, ideas, feelings or course of action. (Leland brown) ⢠Communication is sharing of ideas and feelings in a mood of mutuality. (Edgar Dale)
- 4. Review of communicationProcess Meanings of Communication From the discussed definitions communication can be viewed as- ⢠Process of exchanging ideas, values, thoughts, feelings and actions. ⢠Transfer of information from sender to receiver. ⢠Process of initiating, transmitting and receiving information. ⢠Sharing of ideas and attitude between individuals.
- 5. Review of communicationProcess Process of communication: Elements and channels Elements
- 6. Review of communicationProcess Process of communication: Elements and channels Channels
- 7. Review of communicationProcess Types of communication Criteria for classifying the communication I. Based on the means of delivering message II. Based on the purpose of the message III. Based on the levels of communication IV. Based on the patterns of the communication
- 8. Review of communicationProcess Types of communication Based on the means of delivering message Verbal communication Non verbal communication Symbolic communication Meta communication
- 9. Review of communicationProcess Types of communication Based on the purpose of communication Formal communication Informal communication Therapeutic communication
- 10. Review of communicationProcess Types of communication Based on the levels of communication Intrapersonal communication Interpersonal communication Transpersonal communication Small group communication Public communication Organizational communication
- 11. Review of communicationProcess Types of communication Based on the patterns of communication One way communication One to one communicationOne to many communication Many to one communication Two way communication One way communication One to one communicationOne to many communication Many to one communication
- 12. Review of communicationProcess Facilitators of communication Facilitators are the factors help to achieve the smooth and hurdle free communication between two or more people. Concreteness Completeness Correctness Conciseness Consideration Clarity Courtesy
- 13. Review of communicationProcess Facilitators of communication Beyond these facilitators some other factors which may enhance the communications are- ⢠Positive attitude ⢠Improving communication skills ⢠Getting feedback of communication skills ⢠Goal oriented communication ⢠Using creative alternative approaches ⢠Minimizing negative impact ⢠Warmth and friendliness ⢠Openness and respect ⢠Empathy ⢠Comfortable environment
- 14. Review of communicationProcess Barriers of communication and methods to overcome it ⢠Physiological barrier ⢠Environmental barrier ⢠Psychological barrier ⢠Social barrier ⢠Cultural barrier ⢠Semantic barrier ⢠Organizational barrier ⢠Communication process related barrier
- 15. Review of communicationProcess Techniques of effective communication LISTENING SKILL TECHNICAL SKILL
- 16. Review of communicationProcess Techniques of effective communication FOCUSING PARAPHRASING SHARING INFORMATION PROVIDING INFORMATION ASKING RELEVANT QUESTION CLARIFYING AND SUMMARIZING SHARING HUMOR
- 17. Review of communicationProcess Techniques of effective communication ACTIVE LISTENING USING SILENCE LISTENING WITH PURPOSE ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF MESSAGE GIVING FEEDBACK
- 18. Review of communicationProcess Techniques of effective communication USING TOUCH USING NONVERBAL CUES SHARING FELLINGS SHARING OBSERVATIONS SHARING HOPE PRESENTING REALITY SHARING EMPATHY
- 19. ⢠Listening ⢠Acknowledgement â˘feedback ⢠Mutual congruence ⢠Clarification ⢠Focusing ⢠Validation ⢠Reflection ⢠Open ended question ⢠Non verbal encouragement ⢠Restatement ⢠Paraphrase ⢠Neutral response ⢠Incomplete sentence ⢠Minimum verbal activity ⢠Broad coining statements Review of communication Process Techniques of therapeutic communication