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Types of communication
The document discusses various aspects of communication including the definition, process, types, levels and barriers of communication. It describes different types of communication according to mode, context and purpose/style. The types of communication discussed include verbal, non-verbal, visual, intrapersonal, interpersonal, extended, organizational and intercultural communication.
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Types of communication
- 2. Contents • What isCommunication • Process of Communication • Types of Communication • Levels of Communication • Communication Barriers • Tools of Effective Communication 24-01-2019 06:27:06 2
- 3. is what ?? Itis a process of exchanging – Information Ideas Thoughts Feelings Emotions Through – Speech Signals Writing Behavior 3
- 4.
- 5. Communication - definition the process by which people exchange information or express their thoughts and feelings
- 6. Context • Is thecircumstance or environment in which communication styles take place. • May include the physical or actual setting, the value positions of a speaker/listener, and the relevance or appropriateness of a message conveyed.
- 7. Communication may be classifiedaccording to: 1. Communication mode 2. Context 3. Purpose and style
- 8. Types of Communication Accordingto Mode • Verbal • Non-verbal • Visual
- 9. VERBAL – NON-VERBAL verbal 1.spoken rather than written 2. relating to words or using words 3. relating to a verb
- 10. Verbal It refersto the form of communication in which message is transmitted verbally. Communication is done by word of mouth and a piece of writing. In verbal communication remember the acronym “KISS” (keep it short and simple). Verbal Communication is divided into: Oral Communication Written Communication 24-01-2019 06:27:06 10
- 11. Oral In oralcommunication, Spoken words are used. It includes face-to-face conversations, speech, telephonic conversation, video, radio, television, voice over internet. Communication is influence by pitch, volume, speed and clarity of speaking. Advantages – It brings quick feedback. In a face-to-face conversation, by reading facial expression and body language one can guess whether he/she should trust what’s being said or not. Disadvantages – In face-to-face discussion, user is unable to deeply think about what he is delivering, so this can be counted as a fault. 24-01-2019 06:27:06 11
- 12. Written In writtencommunication, written signs or symbols are used to communicate. In written communication message can be transmitted via email, letter, report, memo etc. Written Communication is most common form of communication being used in business. Advantages – Messages can be edited and revised Written communication provide record and backup. A written message enables receiver to fully understand it and send appropriate feedback. Disadvantages – Written communication doesn’t bring instant feedback. It take more time in composing a written message as compared to word-of-mouth and number of people struggles for writing ability.24-01-2019 06:27:06 12
- 13. Nonverbal • Nonverbal communicationis the sending or receiving of wordless messages. Such as gesture, body language, posture, tone of voice or facial expressions, is called nonverbal communication. • Nonverbal communication is all about the body language of speaker. Nonverbal communication have the following three elements – • Appearance Speaker – clothing, hairstyle, neatness, use of cosmetics Surrounding – room size, lighting, decorations, furnishings • Body Language facial expressions, gestures, postures • Sounds Voice Tone, Volume, Speech rate 13
- 14. Visual Communication • Typeof communication that uses visuals to convey information and/or messages. • Examples are signs, symbols, imagery, maps, graphs, charts, diagrams, pictograms, photos, drawings or illustrations, and even various forms of electronic communication.
- 15. Types of CommunicationAccording to Context 1. Intrapersonal 2. Interpersonal 3. Extended 4. Organization 5. Intercultural
- 16. Intrapersonal Communication • iscommunication that occurs in your own mind. • It is the basis of your feelings, biases, prejudices, and beliefs.
- 17. – Examples arewhen you make any kind of decision – what to eat or wear. When you think about something – what you want to do on the weekend or when you think about another person. 24-01-2019 06:27:06 17 Intrapersonal Communication
- 18. Interpersonal Communication • isthe communication between two people but can involve more in informal conversations.
- 19. Interpersonal communication Examples – whenyou are talking to your friends – A teacher and student discussing an assignment. – A patient and a doctor discussing a treatment. – A manager and a potential employee during an interview. 19
- 20. Analyze the followingtwo situations: Situation No. 1 Speaker A: Hello! I am Kaeselle Ramos. And you? Speaker B: Oh, I am Venice Mendoza. Glad to meet you. How are you related to the bride? Speaker A: She is my cousin. Her mom and mine are sisters. How about you? Speaker B: She was my high school classmate. I never knew anything about her personal life so we were kind of surprised when she sent us the invitation. As always, she is very private. Speaker A: I see. Well, she’s really like that. Ever since we were kids, she had always been a very quiet person.
- 21. Situation No. 2 SpeakerA: Excuse me. Would you know how to get to the nearest mall? Speaker B: Yes. In fact, you may go there on foot or simply take a jeepney. If you walk, it will take you about 20minutes to get there. You can just take the exit gate near the hospital then turn left and walk straight ahead. You wont miss it because of the big sign. Jeepneys take the same route and it should not take you more than 10minutes even with the traffic. Speaker A: Thank you very much. I think I will just take the public transportation as I am running out of time. You have been really helpful. Thanks again.
- 22. Extended Communication • Involvesthe use of electronic media • Includes tele, audio, or phone conferencing; • Video-conferencing; • Skype calls; • Other technological means
- 23. Organizational Communication • Thefocus is on the role that communication plays in organizational contexts. • For an organization to be successful, a system of communication should be put in place.
- 24. Two types oforganizational structure 1. Formal 2. Informal
- 25. Formal Communication allows communicationto take place via designated channels of message flow between positions in the organization.
- 26. Four approaches 1. Downward– is the type that flows from upper to lower positions, i.e., president to a manager or supervisor, a manager to an ordinary staff. - The flow of communication is top-down or from a superior to a subordinate, usually asking certain individuals to perform a certain task.
- 27. 2. Upward Communication– message transmission is bottom-up in which subordinates send communication to their superiors/bosses bearing their views/feedback on organizational policies, and issues related to their jobs. 3. Horizontal Communication – is lateral in approach as it take place among people belonging to the same level but coming from different departments or units to facilitate performance or tasks through proper coordination.
- 28. 4. Crosswise communication– is diagonal in nature as employees from different units or departments working at various levels communicate with each other.
- 29. Informal Communication • Comesfrom unofficial channels of message flow. • Also known as “grapevine”, messages coming from the different levels of the organization are transmitted. • This occurs due to the dissatisfaction of some employees accompanied by uncertainty, such as superiors playing regulations.
- 30. Organizational culture - dictatethe kind of behavior that employees should possess as well as the extent of commitment expected from them by the organization. - They share all in the values, practices, vision, and mission of the organization.
- 31. Intercultural Communication • Itis the communication between or among people having different linguistic, religious, ethnic, social, and professional backgrounds.
- 32. Types of CommunicationAccording to Purpose and Style • Formal communication • Informal communication
- 33. Formal communication • Employsformal language delivered orally or in written form. • Lectures, public talks/speeches, research and project proposals, reports, and business letters, among others
- 34. Informal Communication • Doesnot employ formal language • involves personal and ordinary conversation with friends, family members, or acquaintances about anything under the sun. • the mode may be oral as in face-to-face, ordinary or everyday talks and phone calls, or written as in the case of e-mail messages, personal notes, letters, or text messages. • The purpose it simply to socialize and enhance relationships
- 35. Group Task (Reporting) I.Interview a certain head of an organization/company and ask him/her the following questions: 1. What is the culture of your organization? 2. Do you think cultures can be created? Modified? Changed?
- 36. II. In theschool where you are currently enrolled, what is the prevailing organizational culture? What are some of the practice/rituals that you observe?
Editor's Notes
- #6 Depending on what is being considered, communication as a term takes on different contexts resulting in people having different views on communication types. Since communication is generally defined as the exchange of thoughts, ideas, concepts, and views between or among two or more people, various contexts come in to play.
- #7 Such circumstance may include the physical or actual setting, the value positions of a speaker/listener, and the relevance or appropriateness of a message conveyed. It focuses on certain communication processes and even groupings of people that constitute a communication situation. Different contexts can impact one’s communication. Each communication type is governed by a particular circumstance. Thus, it is essential to pay attention to the interplay of factors surrounding the context of communication which may be physical, cultural, social and psychological in nature.
- #9 A message may be conveyed via these types: verbal, non-verbal, and visual. Though communication is often thought of as verbal, the non verbal mode is equally essential as it enhances one’s message.
- #10 Effective communication calls for the blending of these two types. One cannot be separated from the other. Non-verbal is 93% while verbal is only 7%
- #15 Some examples of electronic communication symbols or images are the emojis, emoticons, and animation among others to convey the writer’s emotions or clarify the intent of the message sender. These are achieved through digital mode or text.
- #16 Context in communication is referred to as a composite of people interacting with each other. Communication may also be classified according to context: Intrapersonal Interpersonal Extended Organization Intercultural
- #17 Some label it as self or inner talk, inner monologue, or inner dialogue. Psychologists call it with other names such as self-verbalization or self-statement.
- #18 Do you find it normal to talk to yourself? You talk to yourself because you think that there is a need to: boost your confidence when you are nervous to speak in front of an audience, apprise yourself that you performed a good job, or console yourself that you did a task poorly. Moreover, engaging in inner speech such as fantasizing or daydreaming is not bad as long as you are able to distinguish it from reality.
- #20 A communication situation is interpersonal if it is meant to establish or deepen one’s relationship with others. However, if the objective is to achieve something at the end of the conversation, it becomes transactional. Interpersonal talks are meant for maintaining social relationships, transactional talks aim to accomplish or resolve something at the end of the conversation. Note the examples below.
- #22 Could you tell which is interpersonal and which is transactional in the two situations above?
- #23 For example, linked by a telecommunication system, people who are far apart, or are far from the venue, can participate in a meeting or a conference. With the use of electronic media, messages are transmitted quickly. For instance, with the use of the internet, recorded videos may be transmitted in seconds/minutes and may be viewed by a greater number of people. With extended communication, your own thinking, behavior and attitude may be influenced by other people and you may be persuaded to take the views you have. It is important then that you weigh what you hear and assess them against those beliefs that you hold onto so you do not easily swayed by other people’s convictions
- #29 Each of these communication approaches has its won advantages and disadvantages.
- #30 Some employees resort to baseless gossips and rumors which they spread like wild fire. Its organization class has its own culture. This refers to as “organizational culture”
- #31 If at the outset, you think you cannot adapt to the organization’s culture, better look for another job or workplace where you will be happy and in harmony with your superiors and colleagues.
- #32 Even gender affects communication. Individuals having different orientations communicate and interpret messages differently. This particularly happens with non-verbal communication.
- #33 Communication can be classified according to purpose and style. Earlier, formal and informal communication have been discussed in relation to organization communication. Similarly, the types of communication in relation to purpose and style are formal and informal. However, rather than focusing on the transmission of message and message flow, the focus here is on the communication setting and the mode of delivery.
- #34 Are all considered formal situations and writings. Note that while lectures and speeches are delivered orally, the texts have been though out carefully and written well before they are delivered. To inform, to entertain, and to persuade are the main objectives of this type of communication.
- #35 Informal communication certainly does not employ formal language. It involves personal and ordinary conversation with friends, family members, or acquaintances about anything under the sun. the mode may be oral as in face-to-face, ordinary or everyday talks and phone calls, or written as in the case of e-mail messages, personal notes, letters, or text messages. The purpose it simply to socialize and enhance relationships.