for Purposive communication

2. Contents
• What is Communication
• Process of Communication
• Types of Communication
• Levels of Communication
• Communication Barriers
• Tools of Effective Communication
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3. is what ??
It is a process of exchanging –
Information
Ideas
Thoughts
Feelings
Emotions
Through –
Speech
Signals
Writing
Behavior 3

4. Sender
Channel
Receiver
Feedback
Channel
Encoding
Decoding
MessageNoise
Barrier
Process of
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5. Communication - definition
 the process by which people exchange
information or express their thoughts and
feelings

6. Context
• Is the circumstance or environment in which
communication styles take place.
• May include the physical or actual setting, the value
positions of a speaker/listener, and the relevance or
appropriateness of a message conveyed.

7. Communication may be
classified according to:
1. Communication mode
2. Context
3. Purpose and style

8. Types of Communication
According to Mode
• Verbal
• Non-verbal
• Visual

9. VERBAL – NON-VERBAL
verbal
1. spoken rather than
written
2. relating to words or
using words
3. relating to a verb

10. Verbal
 It refers to the form of communication in which message is
transmitted verbally.
 Communication is done by word of mouth and a piece of writing.
 In verbal communication remember the acronym “KISS” (keep it
short and simple).
Verbal Communication is divided into:
 Oral Communication
 Written Communication
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11. Oral
 In oral communication, Spoken words are used.
 It includes face-to-face conversations, speech, telephonic
conversation, video, radio, television, voice over internet.
 Communication is influence by pitch, volume, speed and
clarity of speaking.
 Advantages –
It brings quick feedback.
In a face-to-face conversation, by reading facial expression
and body language one can guess whether he/she should
trust what’s being said or not.
 Disadvantages –
In face-to-face discussion, user is unable to deeply think
about what he is delivering, so this can be counted as a
fault.
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12. Written
 In written communication, written signs or symbols are used
to communicate.
 In written communication message can be transmitted via
email, letter, report, memo etc.
 Written Communication is most common form of
communication being used in business.
 Advantages –
Messages can be edited and revised
Written communication provide record and backup.
A written message enables receiver to fully understand it and
send appropriate feedback.
 Disadvantages –
Written communication doesn’t bring instant feedback. It take
more time in composing a written message as compared to
word-of-mouth and number of people struggles for writing
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13. Nonverbal
• Nonverbal communication is the sending or receiving
of wordless messages. Such as gesture, body language,
posture, tone of voice or facial expressions, is called
nonverbal communication.
• Nonverbal communication is all about the body
language of speaker.
Nonverbal communication have the following three
elements –
• Appearance
Speaker – clothing, hairstyle, neatness, use of
cosmetics
Surrounding – room size, lighting, decorations,
furnishings
• Body Language
facial expressions, gestures, postures
• Sounds
Voice Tone, Volume, Speech rate
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14. Visual Communication
• Type of communication that uses visuals to
convey information and/or messages.
• Examples are signs, symbols, imagery, maps,
graphs, charts, diagrams, pictograms, photos,
drawings or illustrations, and even various forms
of electronic communication.

15. Types of Communication According to
Context
1. Intrapersonal
2. Interpersonal
3. Extended
4. Organization
5. Intercultural

16. Intrapersonal Communication
• is communication that occurs in your
own mind.
• It is the basis of your feelings, biases,
prejudices, and beliefs.

17. – Examples are when you make any kind of
decision – what to eat or wear. When you
think about something – what you want to do
on the weekend or when you think about
another person.
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Intrapersonal Communication

18. Interpersonal Communication
• is the communication between two
people but can involve more in informal
conversations.

19. Interpersonal communication
Examples
– when you are talking to your friends
– A teacher and student discussing an
assignment.
– A patient and a doctor discussing a treatment.
– A manager and a potential employee during
an interview.
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20. Analyze the following two
situations:
Situation No. 1
Speaker A: Hello! I am Kaeselle Ramos. And you?
Speaker B: Oh, I am Venice Mendoza. Glad to meet you. How are you related
to the bride?
Speaker A: She is my cousin. Her mom and mine are sisters. How about you?
Speaker B: She was my high school classmate. I never knew anything about
her personal life so we were kind of surprised when she sent us the
invitation. As always, she is very private.
Speaker A: I see. Well, she’s really like that. Ever since we were kids, she had
always been a very quiet person.

21. Situation No. 2
Speaker A: Excuse me. Would you know how to get to the nearest mall?
Speaker B: Yes. In fact, you may go there on foot or simply take a jeepney. If
you walk, it will take you about 20minutes to get there. You can just take
the exit gate near the hospital then turn left and walk straight ahead.
You wont miss it because of the big sign. Jeepneys take the same route
and it should not take you more than 10minutes even with the traffic.
Speaker A: Thank you very much. I think I will just take the public
transportation as I am running out of time. You have been really helpful.
Thanks again.

22. Extended Communication
• Involves the use of electronic media
• Includes tele, audio, or phone conferencing;
• Video-conferencing;
• Skype calls;
• Other technological means

23. Organizational Communication
• The focus is on the role that communication
plays in organizational contexts.
• For an organization to be successful, a system
of communication should be put in place.

24. Two types of organizational structure
1. Formal
2. Informal

25. Formal Communication
allows communication to take place via
designated channels of message flow
between positions in the organization.

26. Four approaches
1. Downward – is the type that flows from upper to
lower positions, i.e., president to a manager or
supervisor, a manager to an ordinary staff.
- The flow of communication is top-down or from a
superior to a subordinate, usually asking certain
individuals to perform a certain task.

27. 2. Upward Communication – message transmission is
bottom-up in which subordinates send communication to
their superiors/bosses bearing their views/feedback on
organizational policies, and issues related to their jobs.
3. Horizontal Communication – is lateral in approach as it
take place among people belonging to the same level but
coming from different departments or units to facilitate
performance or tasks through proper coordination.

28. 4. Crosswise communication – is diagonal in nature as
employees from different units or departments
working at various levels communicate with each
other.

29. Informal Communication
• Comes from unofficial channels of message flow.
• Also known as “grapevine”, messages coming from the
different levels of the organization are transmitted.
• This occurs due to the dissatisfaction of some employees
accompanied by uncertainty, such as superiors playing
regulations.

30. Organizational culture
- dictate the kind of behavior that employees should
possess as well as the extent of commitment
expected from them by the organization.
- They share all in the values, practices, vision, and
mission of the organization.

31. Intercultural Communication
• It is the communication between or among
people having different linguistic, religious,
ethnic, social, and professional backgrounds.

32. Types of Communication According to
Purpose and Style
• Formal communication
• Informal communication

33. Formal communication
• Employs formal language delivered orally or in
written form.
• Lectures, public talks/speeches, research and project
proposals, reports, and business letters, among
others

34. Informal Communication
• Does not employ formal language
• involves personal and ordinary conversation with friends,
family members, or acquaintances about anything under the
sun.
• the mode may be oral as in face-to-face, ordinary or everyday
talks and phone calls, or written as in the case of e-mail
messages, personal notes, letters, or text messages.
• The purpose it simply to socialize and enhance relationships

35. Group Task (Reporting)
I. Interview a certain head of an organization/company
and ask him/her the following questions:
1. What is the culture of your organization?
2. Do you think cultures can be created? Modified?
Changed?

36. II. In the school where you are currently enrolled, what
is the prevailing organizational culture? What are
some of the practice/rituals that you observe?