This document provides an overview of the Maple computer algebra system. It discusses that Maple is a powerful commercial program for doing mathematical computations symbolically and numerically. It describes the different interfaces of Maple including worksheet mode, document mode, and others. The document also outlines basic Maple syntax and commands for performing calculations, solving equations, plotting functions, and more. It provides information on system requirements and concludes that Maple is a useful tool for engaging in mathematical learning.

1. Maple
 Don't worry about your difficulties in Mathematics. I
can assure you mine are still greater.
~Albert Einstein
 Mathematics touches us every day—from the simple
chore of calculating the total cost of our purchases to
the complex calculations used to construct the bridges
we travel.
Azat Azhibekov Department of Computer Education & Instructional Technologies
Fatih University,34500 Büyükçekmece,Istanbul, Turkey
E-mail:azatazhibekov@mail.ru

2. Overview
 What is Maple?
 Why do I need Maple?
 How can I use Maple?
1Maple

3. Learning Objectives
 Introduction to Maple
 Getting started
 Learning basic syntax
 Using Maple as a calculator
2Maple

4. 1. Introduction to Maple
 Maple is a commercial computer algebra
system developed and sold commercially
by Maplesoft, a software company based
in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada,www.maplesoft.com
 It is a very powerful interactive computer algebra
system for doing maths and used by students,
educators, mathematicians, statisticians, scientists,
and engineers for doing numerical and symbolic
computation.
 Maple is available on Windows, Macintosh, UNIX,
and Linux systems.
Maple 3

5. 1.2 Strengths
 Maple has many strengths:
1) Exact integer computation
2) Numerical computation to any (well, almost) number of
specified digits
3) Symbolic computation
4) Many built-in functions and packages for doing a wide variety of
mathematical tasks
5) Facilities for doing two- and three-dimensional plotting and
animation
6) A worksheet-based interface
7) Facilities for making technical documents
8) Maple is a simple programming language, which means that
users can easily write their own functions and packages.
Maple 4

6. 2. Getting Started
 On most systems a maple session is started by double
clicking on the maple icon . In the UNIX X Windows version,
maple is started by entering the command xmaple.
 After starting, you'll have two choices: document mode and
worksheet mode. Select Worksheet mode to bring up an edit
window with a > character and a blinking cursor.
 Maple commands are entered to the right of the > character.
 Press Enter to see results
 You can also get Maple to return the result on the same line
as your question by typing [Ctrl][=] (hold down the control key,
then press the = key).
5Maple

7. 2.1 Standard (default) Interface
 In most
versions Menu
bar appears at
the top of the
window.
 Below Menu
bar there is
Tool bar with 27
buttons
 Beneath is
Context bar
with 5 buttons
 Palettes on the
left
6Maple
Fig.1

8. 2.1 Document Mode
7
• You can create
powerful interactive
documents. You can
visualize and animate
problems in two and
three dimensions. You
can solve complex
problems with simple
point-and-click
interfaces or easy-to
modify interactive
documents. While you
work, you can
document your
process, providing text
descriptions.Fig.2
Maple

9. 2.2 Worksheet Mode
8Maple
• In worksheet
mode(Fig.3) we
have [> character.
• Commands are
entered to the right
of the [> character
• Except [> character,
everything is similar
to Fig.2
Fig.3

10. 2.3 Classic Interface
 A basic worksheet environment for older
computers with limited memory. The
Classic interface does not offer all of the
graphical user interface features that are
available in the Standard interface. The
Classic interface has only one mode,
Worksheet mode.
9Maple

11. 2.4 Command-line Version
Interface
 Command-line interface for solving very
large complex problems or batch
processing with scripts. No graphical
user interface features are available
10Maple

12. 2.5 Maplet Applications
 Graphical user interfaces containing
windows, textbox regions, and other
visual interfaces, which gives you point-
and-click access to the power of Maple.
You can perform calculations and plot
functions without using the worksheet.
11Maple

13. 2.6 Maplesoft Graphing
Calculator
 A graphical calculator interface to the
Maple computational engine. Using it,
you can perform simple computations
and create customizable, zoomable
graphs. This is available on Microsoft®
Windows® only.
12Maple

14. 2.7 Context Menu
 A context menu is a popup menu that lists the operations and
actions you can perform on a particular expression.
Fig.4
13Maple

15. 3. Basic Syntax
1. Assignment of a name or variable to a mathematical object
is done using the := assignment operator
2. Each instruction to Maple must end with a colon (:) or a semi-
colon (;). If the colon is used, the command is executed but
the output is not printed. When the semicolon is used, the
output is printed.
3. Maple input is case-sensitive; x is not the same as X in
Maple
4. The pound sign (#) is used to indicate comments. Everything
following the # sign to the end of the line is ignored
5. Maple provides extensive online help. To obtain help, enter ?
followed by the subject for which help is needed, e.g.,
?integration. It is the only command that doesn't with : or ;
14Maple

16. 3. Basic Syntax (continued)
6. Variables remain assigned to whatever value or
expression that they were last assigned until and unless
they are reassigned or cleared. To determine the current
assignment of a variable, enter its name followed by a
semi-colon;
7. The % command can be used a shorthand expression to
represent the result of the previous command.
8. = is used for writing equations
9. Enter restart; to clear all previously assigned variables
15Maple

17. 3.1 Maple as a Calculator
 In its simplest form, Maple can serve as a calculator. It
even provides a convert function for unit conversions.
For example, to enter a diameter of 3 ft and calculate
the area in m2, enter the following commands.
16Maple
(3.1)

18. 3.2 Basic Functions
17Maple
Function Meaning
abs(x) absolute value lxl
sqrt(x) square root √x
n! factorial
sin(x) sine
cos(x) cosine
tan(x) tangent
sec(x) secant
csc(x) cosecant
cot(x) cotangent
log(x)
also ln(x)
natural logarithm
exp(x) exponential function
sinh(x) hyperbolic sine
cosh(x) hyperbolic cosine
tanh(x) hyperbolic tan
Operation Meaning
+ addition
- subtraction
* multiplication
/ division
^ exponentiation
Table 1
Table 2
• For complete list of Functions,
see ?index[functions]
(3.2)

19. 3.3 Entering Math
 There are a number of methods to enter math into Maple. You
can enter math using a combination of palettes, keyboard
shortcuts, context menus and commands. Most operations
can be entered in more than one way, so you can pick the
method you are most comfortable with.
 Palettes:
 Maple has over 1000 palette symbols within the 20 palette
menus.You can also use Maple's expression palette to input
data. The expression palette contains fill-in-the-blank
templates for common operations.
Maple 18

20. 3.4 Evaluating Expression and
Solving Equation
 Equation types:
19Maple
Equation Type SolutionMethod
Equations and inequalities solve & fsolve commands
Ordinary differential equations ODE Analyser Assistant(dsolve) command
Partial differential equations pdsolve command
Integer equations isolve command
Integer equations in finite field msolve command
Linear integer equaions intsolve command
Linear sysytems Linear Algebra[linear solve]command
Recurrencerelations rsolve command
Table 3

21. 3.4 Evaluating Expression and
Solving Equation (continued)
 One of the most useful capabilities of Maple is its ability to
analyticallysolve algebraic equations in symbolic form. This
capabilitywill be demonstrated by solving a quadratic equation, y = a
x2 + b x + c . First, specify the equation y.
 The values of a, b, and c, as well as x, are not yet specified. We can
evaluate y at specific values of these parameters using the eval
command; the first argument of the eval command is the expression
while the second is the substitution. For example, to obtain a
symbolic expression for y evaluated at x=1:
20Maple
(3.4.1)
(3.4.2)

22. 3.4 Evaluating Expression and
Solving Equation (continued)
 The evaluation can occur with multiple substitutions
by specifying the values of more than one variable;
in this case, the list of specifications must be
enclosed in curly braces and separated by
commas. The value of y at x = 1, a = -2, b = 3, and
c = 4 is obtained according to:
21Maple
(3.4.3)

23. 3.4 Evaluating Expression and
Solving Equation(continued)
22Maple
 Maple can solve an equation using the solve command. The first
argument of the solve command is the equation to be solved
while the second is the variable that should be solved for. For
example, the value(s) of x that satisfies the equation y = -2 can
be determined using the solve command, as shown below. The
result of the solve command is placed in variable xs. a, b and c
have not been assigned to values at this point, so it is necessary
to tell Maple which of the unspecified variables we wish to solve
for, x in this case, and the solution will be expressed symbolically
in terms of the remaining variables.
(3.4.4)

24. 3.4 Evaluating Expression and
Solving Equation(continued)
 There are two solutions to the quadratic equation and Maple
has identified both. The variable xs contains both solutions in
two elements, xs[1] and xs[2]:
23Maple
(3.4.5)

25. 3.4 Evaluating Expression and
Solving Equation(continued)
 We can set values for a, b, and c and then determine the
numerical, as opposed to symbolic, solutions to the equation.
 Maple displays results in analytical form when it can; using the
evalf function results in the value being displayed in floating point
format
24Maple
(3.4.6)
(3.4.7)

26. 3.5 Floating Point Arithmetic
25Maple
 Maple can do floating-point calculation to any required precision.
This is done using evalf
(3.5)

27. 3.5 Floating Point Arithmetic
(continued)
 Notice that evalf found tan(π/5),Pi to 10 decimal places, which is the
default. Also, note that in maple, π is represented by Pi. You can
request more for one specific computation through evalf or if you
change the value of the global variable Digits to tell Maple how
many digits to use normally.
Maple 26
(3.5.1)

28. 3.6 Substitution and
Simplification
 The ability to symbolically manipulate equations provided by
Maple is extensive. It is further enhanced by the subs
(substitute) command that can be used to substitute a numerical
value or symbolic expression in place of a variable. For example,
suppose that you know that
 and you wish to apply a coordinate transformation for which
Maple 27
(3.6)
(3.6.1)

29. 3.6 Substitution and
Simplification (continued)
 Enter the equation into Maple and apply the subs command for the
transformation.
 Note that the result provided by Maple can often be expressed in an
equivalent but algebraically simpler manner by using the simplify
command.
Maple 28
(3.6.2)
(3.6.3)

30. 3.6 Substitution and
Simplification (continued)
 The subs command can also be used to substitute numerical values
for a variable. For example
 The eval command provides the same result:
 The subs and eval commands have overlapping capability.
Maple 29
(3.5.4)
(3.5.5)

31. 4. System Requirements
Maple 30

32. 4. System Requirements
(continued)
31Maple

33. 4. System Requirements
(continued)
32Maple

34. Conclusion
 Maple is a very powerful program and
can be used in scientific purposes
 By using Maple we can engage
ourselves and others in learning Math
 If we know commands,functions and
menus,we will enjoy our student life
 All other things you need to know will
come by time
33Maple

35. Thank you!!!