The document summarizes the management of upper urinary tract obstruction. Relieving the obstruction can be done through ureteral stenting or nephrostomy tubing, both of which come with potential side effects. Symptoms are treated with analgesics, antipyretics, and antibiotics. Underlying causes like stones may pass spontaneously, be treated with extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy, percutaneous nephrolithotomy, ureteroscopy, or open surgery. Recurrence is prevented through increased fluid intake, reduced calcium intake, correcting metabolic abnormalities, treating infections, and urinary alkalization.

1. Management of
Upper Urinary Tract
Obstruction
By: Ismah Haron

2. Relief the obstruction:
• Ureteral stent
- Procedure is along with cystoscopy and
fluroscopy/x ray
- Side effects; nil or frequency, dysuria,
hematuria
- Take note if feverish, severe hematuria,
loin pain
• Nephrostomy tube

3. Source: http://www.mountnittany.org

4. Source: http://radiographics.rsna.org

5. Source:
http://www.insideradiology.com.au

6. Reduce the symptoms:
Treat underlying cause:
• Analgesic
• Antipyretic
• Antibiotic

7. Stones
• Pass spontaneously
• Extra-corporeal shockwave lithotripsy
• Percutaneous nephrolithotomy
• Endoscopic treatment - ureteroscope
• Open nephrolithotomy/ureterolithotomy
• Prevention from recurrence

8. Source: http://www.emedicinehealth.com
ESWL

9. Source: http://www.emedicinehealth.com
PCNL

10. Source: http://www.emedicinehealth.com
Endoscopic treatment

11. • Prevention from recurrence;
- Increase fluid intake
- Reduce Ca intake
- Correct metabolic abnormalities
- Treat infection
- Urinary alkalization

12. THANK YOU